Introduction It's no secret that in recent years in Ukraine, in the context of continuing instability of socio-economic and political life, there has been a steady increase in the number of orphans and children left without parental care. Moreover, only a small number of these children were left without care as a result of the death of their parents. The rest belong to the phenomenon of the so-called "social orphanhood", that is, they are orphans with living parents, and their number is growing catastrophically. This is due to the continuing deterioration of the life of the Ukrainian family, its moral principles and, as a result, a change in attitude towards children.
The statistics about those who grow up and leave orphanages and boarding schools are disappointing. Every year, tens of thousands of orphans leave the orphanage institutions for an independent life, and most of them do not adapt well to such a life. As a result - unemployment, poverty, crime, become alcoholics or drug addicts, commit suicide. And only 10% manage to adapt in society.
The leading causes of "social orphanhood" are: = 656; deprivation of parental rights (up to 70%); = 656; refusal to raise a child (up to 20%); = 656; stay of parents in places of detention (up to 10%).
The main task of the state family policy is to form a generation responsible for their health and possessing the skills of socially and economically responsible behavior that preserves family values, national traditions, history and culture of their homeland.
One of the most acute problems of the country today is the physical and spiritual health of children and youth. A change in the situation is possible only with the advent of a generation of young people for whom the preservation of health, families, the birth of healthy children will become the main life value. In order for healthy children to be born in our country in 5-6 years, work on the formation of value formations must be carried out among young people 14-18 years old. The contradictions of a social, pedagogical nature, the lack of modern research in solving the problems of preparing young people for family life make it necessary to copy training programs from foreign pedagogical systems that do not correspond to Ukrainian cultural specifics and social conditions. These contradictions indicate the relevance of the study of the problem under consideration and the need to develop modern programs aimed at the formation of adequate ideas about family values in boys and girls.
4 pages, 1664 words
A person is so arranged that all significant events in his life are not only remembered. Over time, they are "mythologized", acquiring additional details and meanings. And they begin to reflect not so much reality as the personal significance of these events for the one with whom they happened. This is especially true for those events that were difficult to understand - either due to lack of information, or due to ...
Propaganda of the values of Ukrainian society, such as health, work, family, love for the Motherland, its history and traditions, its nature, should become the action that will unite the activities of various organizations working with youth into a single system. An object term paper: system social values Subject: the formation of youth sociality in social shelters.
Purpose: development of socio-pedagogical values of youth in social shelters.
Objectives of the course work: 1. Definition of concepts family values youth. 2. Analysis of the activities of social shelters as institutions for the socialization of youth. 3. Rationale for the program. 4. Implementation of the program. Working methods: 1. Theoretical: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, legislative documents. 2. Empirical: to measure the level of formation of family values, questionnaires and testing. one. The system of social values Ukrainian society is currently overwhelmed with asocial phenomena, generated by the dysfunctional state of the family institution: social orphanhood, alcoholism, deviant behavior, teenage suicides, child prostitution, drug addiction, crime - an incomplete list of what can be eliminated by reviving a full-fledged family.
Society is interested in a strong, spiritually and morally healthy family, because the health of the younger generation is the health of the nation.
It is in the family that the foundations of the individual, the citizen, his moral and value orientations are formed. All the first and most important things happen to a person in a family: birth, first steps, a sense of security, love and happiness. For each person, the family is a necessity, with the help of which he realizes not only biological needs, but primarily spiritual needs, the needs for love, care and recognition. In history, the values of the family remain inimitable and unique, irreplaceable by any other values.
25 pages, 12296 words
The value of interaction and mutual assistance between relatives, the value of the extended or nuclear family. The second variant of the classification of family values is according to the social ones carried out by the family ... student scientific and practical conference dedicated to the year of youth in the Russian Federation. - M .: Institute of international ... references) Answer options Advantages of marriage 1 Love, warmth 2 Support, confidence ...
The culture of people is inconceivable without family, love, children, marital and family relations. Sociologists state that in modern Ukraine there is a crisis of values, and hence the dependence of a person on the whims of the economy appears. Profit becomes the main engine of the whole society. A growing number of people are trying in every possible way to fill the existing vacuum, to suppress the sense of meaninglessness in themselves. own life, which arises, in particular, due to the erosion of family values.
One of these ways is the desire, by all means, to improve one's social status and level of material well-being. A person faced the problem of correlating the paths of personal self-realization with family life. Today it is important to understand that in life you can focus on spirituality, morality and love. These landmarks are valuable and, in turn, are brought up in the family and are fixed in society, if not, then spiritual degradation can be predicted.
Humanity is alive only thanks to the family circle, the center of all human relations. With the destruction of the family comes the destruction of the state. Whether our people preserve family values and the family as a value depends on whether Ukraine preserves itself as a country. The family creates human destinies, characters, and in the era of "economic centrism" and the sexual revolution, it should help preserve all the best in a person.
The family, on the one hand, is a derivative of the state of society, and on the other hand, acts as the driving force of its development. The family is the most important social institution for the formation of personality, the institution for the transmission of cultural and moral values. The family issue is of particular importance for young people. Today, the period of wardship is lengthening, the possibility of independent actions and assessments is narrowing, the orientation of young people is prestige-consumer, we are seeing information pollution of the “environment”, low awareness in school years, and the absence of a program on the basics of family life. It is very important to protect young people from annoying mistakes, including tragically irreparable ones, to help them make the right responsible decision, without imposing their thoughts and advice.
11 pages, 5020 words
19 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………3 1. The child as a subject of education…………………………………………………………………………………………4 2. Needs and the formation of the consciousness of children…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… 13 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………19 ...
How a person solves the problem of marriage and family in his youth largely depends on his life path, mental and spiritual state and development. After all, the family is a natural school of love, a school of creative self-sacrifice, social feelings and an altruistic way of thinking. The very atmosphere of sincerity, truth, work, discipline, freedom of creativity and love for everything spiritual, that is, those values that must be passed on from generation to generation, brings up in the family.
We need to be brought up in love and with love, only then there will be no dysfunctional families, which in turn give rise to a series of unhappy and dysfunctional people. The knowledge that is acquired in the course of relationships with each other does not automatically lead to wisdom and morality; this requires life experience, reflection and time.
In order to educate the Parent in oneself, it is necessary to form a personality in oneself, to have a high spiritual and moral potential, the need for spiritual self-development, in order to pass on one's love to the child. We emphasize the importance of such values as love, chastity, fidelity. These values must first of all be conveyed to the minds of adolescents and young people so that they understand that a person cannot live according to the law of instinct.
Today, all efforts must be directed to preserving the family, and young people should be taught what a family is. The family, according to scientists, is one of the greatest values created by mankind in the entire history of its existence. Family values are determined by the uniqueness and social significance of the family. Relations between spouses, children and parents have been rapidly changing over the past decades, the emotional and psychological side of family and marriage relations has become increasingly valuable. This significantly complicated family life, as it dramatically increased the level of expectations in relation to family life, which many spouses are unable to realize due to cultural traditions society and the individual characteristics of the spouses themselves.
8 pages, 3517 words
The new social policy in Ukraine regarding the family and children is manifested in the payment of child benefits, the creation of new social institutions ... for an increasing number of people, children are becoming one of the main values of life. But it's like... parental rights and responsibilities. In other words, marriage is a traditional means of family formation and social control. The concept of "family" characterizes ...
The value-semantic orientations of the individual are formed and developed in the process of socialization. At different stages of socialization, their development is ambiguous and is determined by the factors of family and institutionalized upbringing and education, professional activities, and socio-historical conditions.
Based on the considered concept of the family and based on the theoretical justification of the concept of value, it is possible to single out the basic values of the family: values associated with the self-affirmation of the individual among the immediate environment; values that satisfy the need for fatherhood and motherhood; values associated with satisfying the need for love and recognition; values that satisfy physiological needs (sexual and intimate relations of spouses); values that allow you to feel relative stability and security; values that satisfy the need for communication and expand its circle; values that make it possible to satisfy pragmatic needs.
Having carried out a qualitative analysis of values, it is necessary to emphasize their humanistic essence. It is the humanistic ideal - man as the highest value - that determines the meaning and purpose of family life, and its values reflect the recognition of humanistic universal ideals (goodness, justice, mutual assistance, mercy, etc.).
In family and marriage, the orientation towards a person as the highest value can be realized in the deployment of various personal meanings associated with the idea of serving another person, with the self-realization of a person as a person in interaction with other people.
5 pages, 2495 words
BACHELOR'S GRADUATE THERAPY FAMILY VALUES IN THE PRESENTATION OF MODERN YOUTH: GENDER ASPECT CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Chapter 1 Family values as an object of sociological analysis........ 8 1.1 Sociological understanding of the family and family values……. 8 1.2 Trends in change and transformation of family values in modern society...
Awareness of values generates value ideas, and on the basis of value ideas, value orientations are created, which, in turn, represent a conscious part of the system of personal meanings.
The task of preparing boys and girls for family relationships is to help them realize these values, to form a personal motivation for family behavior. Thus, for the further development of the modern family as a valuable social institution, its stability and well-being, it is necessary to systematically and purposefully pedagogically influence the value content of the idea of the family among older students and thereby form a general readiness for family life. 1. 2. Analysis of the activities of social shelters as institutions for the socialization of youth. In Ukraine, more attention has been paid by the state authorities to the social problems of childhood and the protection of children's rights, both at the political and legislative levels.
The Government of Ukraine continues to take measures aimed at bringing domestic legislation and practice in line with the principles and provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
In Ukraine, the following international documents in the field of protection of children's rights have come into force and become part of the national legislation: - Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1125: On the formation of the State Social Service for the Family, Children and Youth (2007); - Law of Ukraine "On social work with children and youth" (2001); - Law of Ukraine "On Child Protection" (2001); - Law of Ukraine "On the Promotion of the Social Formation and Development of Youth in Ukraine" (1993); - European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights (date of signing on behalf of Ukraine on 15.05. ); - Convention on Contact with Children (date of signing on behalf of Ukraine on May 15, 2003; date of ratification on September 20, 2006 (with application); - Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Implementation and Cooperation with regard to Parental Responsibility and child protection measures (date of accession 14.09.2006 with application and reservations) - Law of Ukraine "On ensuring the organizational and legal conditions for the social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care" (2005) - Law of Ukraine "On housing social purpose fund" (2006).
8 pages, 3536 words
Communication is important to promote the values of marriage, family, birth and upbringing of children, etc. To increase the level of marriage, fertility, interest in family values among young people means to get ... Zapesotsky A.S. Children of the Age of Change: Their Values and Choice // Sociological Research.-2008.-№7 Lisovsky V.G. (2008) Youth: love, marriage, family. (Sociological research...
These documents confirm the desire and readiness of Ukraine to intensify work aimed at improving the situation of children and provide for a comprehensive approach to the realization of the rights of the child to health care, education, social protection, cultural and spiritual development, participation in society, protection of children from abuse and improvement of the system of control and monitoring of the situation of children in Ukraine.
An acute problem for the country is still the violation of the rights of children who live or work on the street.
Although, in recent years, preventive work has been intensified with children in crisis situations and their parents, and the quality of services provided to them has improved, many street children continue to face various forms of physical and mental abuse and lack of care.
These children have limited access to adequate educational, health and social services and effective legal protection mechanisms.
Despite the strengthening of state control over the observance of property and housing rights of children, there are still cases of violation of these rights. One of the means of protecting the rights of children who find themselves in difficult life circumstances is the conduct of general preventive raids "Station", "Street", "Teenager", "Lesson" and the like by the services for children and the educational authorities and the Criminal Police for Children. .
Children identified during the raids are provided with social, medical and legal assistance, they are placed in social institutions for children, and they are helped to resume their studies. In Ukraine, there is a gradual expansion of the network of social service institutions that provide targeted and long-term provision of social services. Among them (as of the end of 2006) - 95 shelters for children, 28 centers for the socio-psychological rehabilitation of children, 22 centers for socio-psychological assistance, 9 social hostels, 7 social centers mother and child, 529 mobile social work counseling centers in rural and mountainous areas, remote areas, 682 services social support families and the like.
Everyone who has had to deal with orphans knows that the biggest dream of such children is a family. Everyone dreams of living in a family, having their loved ones.
While the children are small, they sincerely believe that their parents are simply lost and will be found soon, but time passes and the children realize that they will not be found, and they will not be found. Leaving the boarding school, graduating from professional educational institution or after leaving places of deprivation of liberty, many of them find themselves practically on the street. After all, a graduate of a lyceum or technical school has little chance of finding a well-paid job so that you can rent an apartment. To solve this problem, social hostels were opened in our state for orphans and children deprived of parental care, as well as persons from among orphans and children deprived of parental care.
One of these hostels was created in the Kharkiv region, in the city of Chuguev, and has been successfully operating since February 2008. This social hostel is an institution for temporary residence of orphans and children deprived of parental care from 15 to 18 years old, as well as persons from among orphans and children deprived of parental care from 18 to 23 years old. Institutions for orphans and children left without parental care - educational institutions in which orphans and children left without parental care are kept (trained, brought up); social service institutions for the population (orphanages for disabled children with mental retardation and physical disabilities, social rehabilitation centers for helping children left without parental care, social shelters); institutions of the healthcare system (children's homes) and other institutions established in accordance with the procedure established by law. The social hostel provides residents with free accommodation in comfortable conditions.
At their disposal are rooms for two with furniture and bedding, kitchen, dishes, refrigerator, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, shower.
The most important task for dormitory workers is the social adaptation of residents. The life competence that children receive in boarding schools is not enough for life in society. High efficiency of work will be achieved if it covers all aspects of the life of the wards, including their life, leisure, social ties.
One of the conditions for effective life and further functioning of young people in society is the formation of family values. 2. Diagnosis of youth in a social shelter in order to identify family values In the modern period in Ukrainian society, there is a change in social and spiritual values, the mental foundations of people's life.
Profound changes in socio-cultural reality are reflected in the transformation of the modern Ukrainian family, in family values. In traditional culture, family values include the trinity of parenthood, kinship and marriage. Parenthood is central to family values—to accepting the social roles of mother and father, and to have children. The modern family tends to have few children and reduce the value of the family.
In society, there is a weakening of the process of intergenerational transmission of cultural experience in the form of traditions and customs, due to the strengthening of the position of the nuclear family and the loss of the importance of family ties. The tendency to reduce marriage rates is increasing, the number of divorces and incomplete families is growing, which leads to negative demographic and social consequences. All this testifies to the fact that the family is undergoing a transformation, which in the future implies a family built on other foundations and generating new worldview attitudes.
It is unthinkable to talk about the revival of the institution of the family without preparing young people for marriage. In order for young people to be able to harmoniously build their relationships in a future marriage, they need to know the features of communication, interpersonal relationships in a modern family. The openness of the family, its focus on the past and the future create a real basis for the transition to a new society that needs a strong family mechanism.
At a critical stage in the development of Ukrainian society, when life is extremely complex and dynamic, it is important to fix and understand the values that guide young people and which largely determine the everyday consciousness and everyday ideas about the present and future of the generations entering life. The purpose of the study: To identify the main family values of today's youth in a social shelter. In the course of the work, the following tasks were identified: 1. Find out where among other values young people have a family; 2. Find out what meaning young people invest in the concept of "family"; 3. Find out what values of family life (traditions, children, love, support) are most important for young people; 4. Find out how many children young people want to have (if they want at all) and what parenting style they are likely to choose; 5. Find out what type of family is closer to the young (patriarchal family, matriarchal, partnership).
The object of the study is young people living in a social hostel in the city of Chuguva.
The subject of the study is family values. Young people are a socio-demographic group that is distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics, social status and has age limits from 14-16 to 29 years. A family is a community of people based on a single economic activity, connected by ties of matrimony-parenthood-kinship, and thereby carrying out the reproduction of the population and the continuity of family generations, as well as the socialization of children and the maintenance of the existence of family members.
Family values are positive and negative indicators of the significance of objects related to a community of people based on a single joint activity, connected by bonds of matrimony-parenthood-kinship, in connection with the involvement of these objects in the sphere of human life, human interests, needs, social relations.
Research hypotheses: 1. Many young people want to live in an unregistered marriage, but plan to get married in the future; 2. Family, as a value, is not in the first place among young people; 3. Young people do not have a clear understanding of the family; 4. Love and children in the structure of family values are of paramount importance, but material security and stability are also of great importance; 5. Young people mostly want to have 1-2 children; 6. There is a trend of nuclearization, young people in marriage want to live separately from their parents.
For the study, a questionnaire of 15 questions was compiled.
The sequence of questions was compiled taking into account the classification of family values: first in the questionnaire there are questions related to marriage, then to parenthood and kinship (Appendix 1).
2.1. Analysis of family values of young people and development of values The study involved 15 young girls and boys aged 17 to 23 years. Of these, 46% are boys and 54% are girls. Among them, 70% have no family and relatives, 26% have relatives. The distribution of the desire of young people to join official marriage by gender, % Answer options Female Male Total Yes, definitely 52 34 45 Yes, most likely 36 37 36 Do not know 8 17 12 No, most likely 4 3 4 No, definitely 0 9 4 Total 100 100 100 Almost half of the respondents (45% ) are definitely going to get married in the future.
Basically, a positive response prevails, while it is higher among girls. It should also be noted that 9% of male respondents are not going to get married at all, and among girls, no one chose this answer option.
Thus, the hypothesis that young people plan to officially register their relationship in the future was confirmed. Indeed, young people are more focused not just on cohabitation, but on official marriage. The next task of the study was to find out the optimal age of marriage for men and women. In second place from 21 to 25 years. Rice. 2 Optimal age for starting a family (for women) The vast majority of respondents (71%) indicated the optimal age for marriage for women from 21 to 25 years. None of the respondents marked the answer option “Over 30 years” for women.
Probably, the differences in age are due to the fact that a man must have time to “get on his feet” during this time, get a job and housing in order to provide for his family.
Also, in the course of the study, it was necessary to find out where, among other values, the students have a family. To do this, the respondents were asked to rank the list of basic life values. The most important thing in life Gender Answer options Male Female Total Love 3.3 2.4 2.8 Education 3.1 4.4 3.9 Children 3.6 4.7 4.2 Family 5.5 6.2 5.9 Work 3.8 4.9 4.4 Creativity 4.5 6.3 5.5 Health 3.8 3.3 3.5 Respect for others 2.3 3.2 2.8 This table shows that love and respect for youth comes first.
Here the family is far from the first position. The next task set in the course of the study was to find out what meaning students put into the word "family". The meaning of the word "Family", the number of choices In what family did you grow up? Answer options Have relatives No family Total A family is a Union of 2 people who love and respect each other 20 7 27 Parents and their children 6 2 8 A person's personal space where they are supported and loved 2 5 7 Mutual understanding, common interests and lifestyle, comfort 3 2 5 A cell of society in which the rights and obligations of spouses are equal 11 8 19 Strong trusting relationships 1 0 1 The basis of society 1 0 1 People of different generations, related by blood and spiritual kinship 6 1 7 Responsibility and care for each other, children 2 1 3 My relatives of each person 2 1 3 Difficult to answer 14 3 17 Small social group with historical definition org-ey 2 1 3 Loving team 1 1 2 Based on this table, we can conclude that the majority of respondents know what a family is.
But young people's ideas about the family are very different.
The majority (31%) believe that the family is “a union of 2 people who love and respect each other”, that is, young people associate the family more with marriage than with children, 21% of respondents define the family as “a unit of society in which rights and the duties of the spouses are equal”, the third place (19%) is “I don't know”. The respondents also gave the following definitions of the family: “parents and their children”, this option was chosen by only 9% of the respondents, “the personal space of a person, where he is supported and loved”, only 8% of the respondents wrote that the family is “people of different generations, connected by blood and spiritual kinship”, this suggests that the continuity of generations among family values is far from being in the first place among young people, there is a tendency of nuclearization.
At the same time, respondents who have at least one relative understand the meaning of the word “family” better; they gave more answers to this question than those who grew up without parents. 2.2. Implementation of a socio-pedagogical program for the formation of family values of young people in social shelters.
After the study, a socio-pedagogical program for the formation of family values was developed. No. p / p Type of lesson Form and methods of conducting Add. means Date of the Specialist Family block 1 Family and its functions Conversation-discussion, questioning, lectures Role-playing games, dispute, June Social teacher 2 Ethics of communication in the family Lecture Training exercises June Social teacher Medical-hygienic block 3 Anatomy and physiology of sex (separately for boys and girls) Lecture, exercises Schemes, posters, name cards, schemes July Medical worker 4 Problems of a healthy lifestyle: prevention of venous diseases and HIV infections; contraception; abortion Lecture, exercises Visual aids, schemes, posters, honey. Tools, videos, games July Medical worker 5 Intimacy as a moral concept.
Features of the sexual desire of a young man and a girl Conversation July Social teacher 6 Raising children as the disclosure of one's own personal potential Lecture July Social teacher Economic unit 7 Fundamentals of budgeting, family saving mode Lecture, exercise August Social teacher 8 Budget planning Role-playing game August Social teacher 9 Final lesson Discussion , debriefing August Social pedagogue 9 lessons were held on the topic of family, family values, rules of conduct in interpersonal relationships, rules of hygiene and contraception, planning and maintaining the family budget.
At the beginning of the classes, young people were reluctant to accept information, many could not formulate what the family is and its role in society, what values are considered important in the family and society.
In the process, the children actively discussed the lectures they had listened to and willingly took part in role-playing games and trainings. 2.3. Re-diagnosis of young people for the formation of family values After the introduction of a socio-pedagogical program for the formation of family values of young people in social shelters, repeated testing of children was carried out.
The results were greatly encouraging. Gender Answer options Male Female Total Love 2.3 3.2 2.8 Education 3.1 4.4 3.9 Children 3.6 4.7 4.2 Family 3.3 2.4 2.8 Work 3.8 4.9 4.4 Creativity 4.5 6.3 5.5 Health 3.8 3.3 3.5 Respect for others 5.5 6.2 5.9 After listening to lectures, young men and women understood and rethought the system of family values, changed their opinion about the family and its role in the life of a person and society.
Now, according to the results of the test, Love and Family have taken the leading positions in the minds of young people. Based on this, we can conclude that the program for the formation of family values was developed and implemented successfully. Conclusions Historically, the family, in its essence, has been and remains the initial structural unit of society and at the same time the traditionally leading socio-cultural institution, a team of children and adults, a natural environment for their spiritual development.
The initial foundations of human development are laid in the family. Here the mental, physical abilities, moral and aesthetic qualities of children begin to develop for the first time. However, in modern conditions, the system of family education is undergoing significant changes. In this regard, the priority direction of the state family policy should be not only measures to strengthen the financial and living situation of the family, but also a system of specific actions for the socio-cultural and psychological rehabilitation of families that are for various reasons in difficult, sometimes extreme situations.
A child brought up in a family finds himself in a less rigid situation of requirements and control, has the opportunity to participate in a variety of complex adult activities (repair a TV set with his father, cook dinner with his mother), learn to perform not only individual operations, but also learns quite complex planning programs, organization and control of their activities.
In the family, the assimilation of complex elements of activity, the development of internal planning of actions takes place not in a situation of special education, but in a natural inclusion in the context of activities that are attractive to the child, which helps to assimilate family and social values without much difficulty. What is given to the child spontaneously in the family, without specially designated efforts of the parents, the pupil orphanage, young people living in social shelters can only get it at the cost of a huge purposeful social and pedagogical work of the team.
The results of the socio-pedagogical program can be used in the work of a social pedagogue of a social shelter. Based on the results of the work, recommendations were given on organizing work with pupils of the Chuguev social hostel in order to increase the level of formation of family and social values. References 1. Belicheva S.A. Socio-pedagogical methods for assessing the social development of maladjusted adolescents // Bulletin of psychosocial and correctional and rehabilitation work: 1995, No. 1 2. Gologuzova M.N. Social Pedagogy. M 1999 3. Dementieva I.F. Social adaptation of orphans.
Modern problems and prospects in the market conditions. // Social problems of orphanhood. - M 1992 4. Dubrovina I. V Lisina M.I. Features of the mental development of children in the family and outside the family // Age features mental development of children. - M 1998 - 110 p. 5. Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 1125: On the formation of the State Social Service for the Family, Children and Youth (2007).
6. Law of Ukraine "On social work with children and youth" (2001).
7. Law of Ukraine "On Child Protection" (2001).
8. Law of Ukraine "On the promotion of social formation and development of youth in Ukraine" (1993).
9. European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights (date of signing on behalf of Ukraine on May 15, 2003; date of ratification on August 3, 2006 (with application).
10. Convention on contact with children (date of signing on behalf of Ukraine on May 15, 2003; date of ratification on September 20, 2006 (with application).
11. Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Implementation and Cooperation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children (date of accession 14.09.2006 with declaration and reservations).
12. Law of Ukraine "On ensuring the organizational and legal conditions for the social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care" (2005) 13. Law of Ukraine "On social housing fund" (2006).
Kondratiev M.Yu. social psychology of closed educational institutions. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2005. - 304 p. 14. Medkova D.V. Family values as an object of sociological analysis / Lomonosov Readings 2003 Students.
Volume No. 2. // 15. Mudrik A.V. Introduction to social pedagogy. - M 1997. 16. Ovcharova R.V. Reference book of the social pedagogue. - M .: TC "Sphere", 2001. - 480 p. 17. Podlasy I.P. Pedagogy: 100 questions and 100 answers, M: VLADOS PRESS, 2000 18. Psychology.
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Post navigation 1Rogova A.M.
This article discusses the problems of the formation of family values among young people today. Modern trends and changes in the sphere of family relations, the attitude of young people to new phenomena in the sphere of the family, the attitude to the problems of the family of society are described. The main problems and issues of forming a proper positive attitude towards family and marriage on the part of young people are outlined. The domestic experience of preparing for marriage, its effectiveness and shortcomings are considered, given practical advice preparing the younger generation to start a family.
1. Changes in the modern family: problems and trends.
The question of the formation of attitudes towards the family and family lifestyle, scientists began to study recently. First of all, this is due to the change in the very type of family, as well as the systemic crisis of the family institution in modern Russian conditions.
Domestic researchers link the current crisis of the family, the deformation of many family values among various categories of the population, not only with a change in the value orientations of today's youth, but also with global trends. There is a transition from the patriarchal to the nuclear family, as well as from the child-centric to the egalitarian. In a modern Russian family, the main function is not to run a joint household, not to have children physically, but to have relations between spouses. We are talking about providing psychological support to family members, which is of particular relevance in the context of a systemic crisis in Russia, when life is full of changes, stress and unrest.
In modern conditions, where relations between spouses are a decisive factor in the stability of a young family, it is also necessary to form a tolerant attitude towards various types and types of families among the older generation and among the youth themselves. Along with the formation of a new type of family, there is a rejection of its single model for all groups of the population. There is a combination of several trends at the same time, as well as the parallel existence and functioning of several types of family relationships. So, in rural areas, families are more common where several generations live under the same roof, which is caused not so much by difficulties in the housing issue, but by a certain way of life. However, both in the city and in the countryside, changes in the sphere of family relations are visible. For example, one of the global trends is the residence of a young couple without registration. Civil marriage is more common among the younger generation than among the older; more often among urban youth than rural youth. According to a study conducted by the author, a fairly large part of the surveyed young people read: civil marriage is a step towards future marriage registration and the creation of a family - (54%), this is a new family model (34%); this is a negative phenomenon that calls into question the value of family and marriage (11%). But the majority of young people accept civil marriage, from which we can conclude that this model of family relations will take place in the future.
For a long time, researchers have focused on certain aspects of family life (transformation of a modern family, criteria for defining a young family and its main problems, motives for marriage, spouse compatibility, family budget, housekeeping, demographic behavior, housing, problems of stability and sustainability marriage). Currently, researchers have come to the conclusion that many of the problems of the modern family come from the inability of young people to build relationships in marriage. We are talking about relationships between spouses, and between other relatives.
Recently, special attention has been paid to crisis phenomena in the field of family relations: a drop in the standard of living of most Russian families with children, a decrease in the educational function of the family, an increase in the number of divorces, and social orphanhood. These negative phenomena arise, among other things, due to the fact that special support for the family does not find due attention either from the state or from society as a whole.
Research recent years allow us to conclude that many crisis phenomena and processes in the family require serious attention from society and its institutions, a change in attitudes towards marriage, fatherhood, and motherhood [1].
2. The main problems of the formation of family values.
The formation of seed values should begin in childhood. By this, the author understands a purposeful process aimed both at society as a whole and at the family and the younger generation, the purpose of which is to educate positive attitudes towards family and marriage, prepare for marriage and solve the problems of a young family. Preparing young people for a family is just as important a problem as preparing for professional activities and adapting to life in society. Family values must be formed even in the parental family, and then at school and other educational institutions, in youth organizations and labor collectives. The problems of the modern family need to attract the attention of the media (through public service announcements). Particularly important is the formation of public opinion towards raising the status of a young family, motherhood and fatherhood, the role and place of children in the life of Russian society.
It should be stated: in modern Russia, the formation of a proper attitude towards the family is not given attention. The issues of sexual behavior of Russian youth, reproductive health of boys and girls are becoming especially acute. According to experts, many negative processes in the field of reproductive health are explained not so much by the inattention of the state and youth organizations to the problems of young people, but by the low sexual culture of young people themselves.
This important issue is given attention only in the context of contraception, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, and family planning. The ongoing sexual education activities had positive results, but they were not enough to form safe sexual behavior, given the severity of the problem.
One more aspect of the problem under study should be considered. So, we are talking about low legal literacy among Russians, including among the younger generation. The society has not developed measures to improve the legal literacy of the population.
Rather low activity and interest of young people in matters of family relations. Thus, according to a sociological survey of various categories of the younger generation (a sample of 600 people in St. such literature - 5%.
It should be considered positive that various categories of the younger generation are oriented toward a family lifestyle. The motives for marriage remain the basic marital values - love, the birth and upbringing of children in the family, confidential communication with a loved one.
The younger generation believes that it is necessary to prepare young people for creating a family in advance, even at school - 65%. Only 17% believe that it is too early to talk about it at school (18% of respondents did not have an opinion). There are just as many supporters of the fact that the basics of family life and sex education should be taught at school.
The author draws an important conclusion: many problems of the modern family are due to the inability to solve the problems of a young family in the present and future, due to the low level of knowledge on family conflictology, and also due to the lack of proper attitudes towards family and marriage.
The results of a survey of young families show that the previously stated goals are not always fulfilled. This is due to the low level of knowledge about family life, the low culture of the population as a whole, including the legal one, as well as trends in family relations. According to a survey of families in St. Petersburg, most of the housework is done by a woman, while men get minor home repairs [ 2 ].
Along with solving the already known problems of the family related to raising its standard of living, as well as the value of the family institution for the state and society, strengthening the family as a social institution, preventing destructive tendencies, it is important to form a proper positive attitude among various categories of young people to family and marriage. In addition to social advertising in the media, various events dedicated to the problems of a young family, it is necessary to purposefully prepare the younger generation for marriage long before starting a family. This conclusion was made by domestic and foreign researchers of the modern family.
However, knowledge is not the only thing that matters. Proper positive attitudes towards family and marriage are necessary, as well as a willingness to put the declared attitudes into practice in everyday family life. In modern conditions, when external social control over the behavior of young people has weakened, and internal forces have not yet been formed, it is necessary to cultivate a culture of feelings and the ability to live in a family.
3.Preparing young people for marriage: domestic experience and recommendations.
As a positive domestic experience in preparing the younger generation for a family, the course "Ethics and Psychology of Family Life" for senior secondary school students should be mentioned. The course touched upon the main issues related to the family: the psychology of family life, conflict resolution, raising children, housekeeping and managing the family budget, the rights and obligations to the state of young citizens entering into marriage, the sexual culture of young people. However, this course also had its drawbacks:
1) Much attention was paid to the economic function of the family, the performance of household chores, although the main purpose of the family in a socialist society was considered the birth and upbringing of children. The policy of the state in relation to the family also contributed to childbearing: the development of a network of consumer services for women to combine employment in social production and family responsibilities, the development of a network of preschool and out-of-school institutions, as well as a system of benefits provided to families with many children. A large family, public education along with family education, as well as a woman's combination of employment in social production with family responsibilities were encouraged.
2) Sexual behavior was mentioned most often in the context of reproductive function and a healthy lifestyle. The hedonistic function of sex was practically not affected. According to a study by Golod S.I., sexual harmony ranks third among the factors contributing to the stability of marriage. Thus, this issue remained out of the scope of attention.
In general, despite the shortcomings, the course brought positive results, contributing to the formation among boys and girls of a proper understanding of the family, although not about all its areas.
For today's youth, a course is needed that was still in the Soviet school. Among the most important issues, it is advisable to touch upon the following, based on the most acute problems of a young family, as well as on the desires of the youngest generation: psychological literacy - the ability to communicate in the family and resolve conflicts, legal literacy - the rights and obligations of those who marry in relation to each other and children, features of the marriage contract in modern Russian conditions, as well as features civil marriage(its difference from the registered one), issues of raising children, sexual culture - contraception, safe sex, reproductive health, hedonistic function of sex, rational housekeeping and management of the family budget, distribution of household chores to spouses. In addition, it is necessary to provide access to information: where and on what issues a young family can get help. Training should be comprehensive and cover the most pressing issues of family, marriage, childbearing, raising children, motherhood, housekeeping).
Conclusions:
In the current conditions of social transformations in Russia, family and marriage relations have been affected by a crisis, which has resulted in the deformation of family values among the majority of the population. The crisis also manifested itself in a change in the family itself and the rejection of a single family model for all groups of the population.
At present, it is necessary to form a proper idea of the family among young people, not only to increase the level of knowledge, but also to cultivate a positive attitude towards family values, a willingness to solve the problems of a young family. The values of the family must be brought up starting with the parental family, and then in other educational institutions, youth organizations.
The experience of the Soviet school can be called as a positive experience in the formation of a positive attitude in the family. At present, it is necessary, using the positive experience of the Soviet school, to prepare young people for starting a family in advance. In addition to the main issues of a young family, it is advisable to touch on the following: 1) in the legal sphere - the differences and features of civil and registered marriage; 2) in the sexual sphere - the hedonistic function of sex; 3) in the field of psychological literacy - the basics of family conflictology and the ability to communicate in the family.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- Klimantova G.I. State family policy in the context of socio-political transformations of modern Russia. M.: Triada LTD, 2001 - 264p.
- Safarova G.L., Kletsin A.A., Chistyakova N.E. Family in St. Petersburg. Demographic, sociological, socio-psychological aspects. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University, 2002 - 88s.
- Golod S.I. Family stability: Sociological and demographic aspects L.: Nauka, 1984. - 123 p.
- Juvenology and juvenile policy in the 21st century: the experience of a comprehensive interdisciplinary study / Coll. monograph / Under. ed. Slutsky E.G. - St. Petersburg: Knowledge, IVESEP, 2004 - 737 p.
Bibliographic link
Rogova A.M. FEATURES OF FORMATION OF FAMILY VALUES IN MODERN RUSSIAN YOUTH // Modern problems of science and education. - 2007. - No. 1.;URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=274 (date of access: 03/30/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History" Family traditions, spirituality, education of youth, formation of a positive public opinion about the family - a national idea and the main objectives of the project.
At all times in any country, in any state, in any religion, the family is considered the main thing that a person can have. In Russia today this institution needs special care.
First of all, we consider it important to popularize the institution of the family among adolescents and children from dysfunctional families and children in difficult life situations.
The program is divided into two main blocks: lectures, discussions and theatrical performances. As part of the lecture block, professional family psychologists, art historians and volunteers will hold a series of master classes and lectures aimed at changing the negative or indifferent view of children and adolescents on family traditions and values.
The formation of a worldview is a complex process that entails serious personal changes as a result of the impact on the mental and cognitive essence of a person. Therefore, the project is not limited to lectures. The theater is of value for the education and formation of personality not only as one of the best means of reproducing reality, but also as a way of understanding it. The character of boys and girls is characterized by romantic elation, bright emotionality. The effectiveness of the psychological impact is directly dependent on the content of the performance, an interesting topic and the ability to interest the audience, find contact with it and unobtrusively contribute to the formation of a worldview. intellectual development youth is often ahead of the emotional. Performances help correct this situation and contribute to the formation of a comprehensively developed personality.
As part of the project, a series of lectures and master classes will be held on the territory of orphanages and boarding schools, for children from dysfunctional families, for family teenagers and young families, a play based on the tale of Peter and Fevronye will be staged and played. The audience will be more than 1500 people. The performance will be shown on a charitable basis in the cities of Russia: Murom, Tula, Moscow. The performance will be followed by discussions on traditional family values.
Goals
- Assistance in strengthening the institution of the family and family values
Tasks
- Formation of a positive attitude among adolescents and young people to family values, a constructive attitude towards creating a family and responsible parenthood
- Promoting the importance of family traditions and values
Substantiation of social significance
The formation of family values among young people is influenced by many negative factors: the destruction of moral ideas about the family and marriage, the shift in the traditional understanding of the roleparenthood, the decline in the prestige of motherhood, the loss of family traditions. Preparing young people for a family is as important a task as preparing for a prof. activities, adaptation in society.
To create a positive experience in the field of family relations, the efforts of the family are not always enough, therefore, there is a need to educate young people about family life, the active participation in this activity of institutions that provide social and educational services. Adolescence is characterized by the formation of worldview positions and value orientations of a person, including orientation towards a prosperous family and the values of family life. Therefore, it is important to inform young people about the social roles of spouses in creating a family, to form a positive attitude towards the family and ideas about it as a socially significant value. But it is important to do this unobtrusively and in simple, accessible language. Such as the language of the theater, for example.
Fiction with religious themes is not uncommon in Western countries. While in Russian art this topic has always been bypassed for a number of reasons. We consider this a big omission, because Russian culture as such is inseparable from Orthodoxy.
In the 1990s, Russian cinema and theatrical art, having inherited vast experience from the Soviet period, but lacking the means for worthy succession, began to look for its own unique path. By the mid-2000s, Russian art had grown stronger and stopped copying Western colleagues. Now is the stage when with the help of art in Russia it is possible to shape the worldview of entire generations. The project "Peter + Fevronya" is aimed at creating a unique and understandable understanding of the Family, Love and Loyalty, first of all for the Russian audience. The emphasis is on the young spectator, because the theater is a kind of art that is perceived by young people with special awe and trust. Therefore, our project tries to be as honest as possible with this audience and bring the viewer to a dialogue. The project is aimed at solving a social problem modern society- frivolous and skeptical attitude to family values. "Peter + Fevronya" does not impose his vision of the problem, but provides food for thought. After each performance, meetings with young people and a discussion on the topic: “What is family, love and fidelity?” will be held.
Project geography
Moscow, Tula, Murom are the main sites that are planned for the duration of the project. St. Petersburg, Tver, Sevastopol are the cities where the performance will be shown on a charitable basis after the end of the project implementation period specified in the project.Target groups
- Children and teenagers
- Large families
- Youth and students
- Orphans and children left without parental care
MINISTRY OF YOUTH AND SPORTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUVA
TUVA STATE INSTITUTE FOR RETRAINING AND
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF STAFF
Department of Youth Policy and Additional Education
Formation of spiritual and moral values
Kyzyl - 2013
Published by decision of the Educational and Methodological Council of the Tuva State Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Personnel (protocol No. 2).
Material prepared:
- head. department of youth policy and additional education
in family education of children and youth". - Kyzyl: TGIP and PKK, 2013. - 23 p.
This manual presents theoretical and practice-oriented materials on topical issues of using modern technologies in the education of young people. The concept of "morality", "morality", "family", "moral principle of the people", "family values", "spiritual and moral values" is considered. The problems of moral education in the family are revealed. The appendix contains recommendations for parents on raising a spiritual and moral citizen of modern society.
The manual uses materials from official Internet sites, as well as textbooks and manuals of Russian authors.
Based on the materials
© Tuva State Institute of Retraining
and staff development, 2013
© Editorial and Publishing Department, 2013
The family is one of the most multifaceted
social events,
accompanying humanity
from ancient times to the present day"
The concept of moral education is very meaningful. It pervades all aspects of human life. At present, the younger generation is brought up mainly by the realities today. What our children will be like in tomorrow's life depends on whether we teach them to take care of the family as the greatest value for a person.
The formation of family values is a very important and complex process that requires large expenditures on the part of all family members for a long time. Each family is unique and inimitable, but there are a number of family values that have not changed at all times, such as understanding, Attentive attitude to relatives and friends, trusting and respectful relationships between family members willingness to help and provide support preservation of family traditions.
The formation of family spiritual and moral values among young people is the basic basis for the formation of readiness for family life and responsible parenthood (motherhood or fatherhood), integration into a modern innovative society, which contributes to the solution of such social problems as overcoming the demographic crisis, social orphanhood, asocial behavior of children and youth, family breakdown.
In modern society, the problems of the family are obvious to everyone. They ceased to be within the family and acquired the character of a socio-psychological, economic, demographic, pedagogical and legal disaster on a national scale. Drunkenness, drug addiction, aggressiveness and cruelty are increasingly invading the space of the family, corrupting family life from the inside, hitting society with social ailments.
It should be noted that among prosperous families there are families from the "risk group", low-income, large families, single-parent families, alcohol abusers, guardians, who are registered with the commission on juvenile affairs.
The instrumental basis for solving these important problems is a set of socio-demographic technologies aimed at strengthening the institution of the family, increasing the birth rate and ensuring the demographic security of the country. The basic basis of this strategy is the formation of family spiritual and moral values in children and youth.
A person begins his life in a family that he himself did not create - in the family of his father and mother. Parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, relatives become the people who lay the foundations of communication, instill the first work skills, accompany a person in life long time, determine the features of the worldview. The family can become a natural school of creative self-sacrifice, the ability to treat others with respect and understanding, to support the spiritual and moral, national tradition. At home, for the first time, a person discovers what love, tenderness and care for loved ones are. Here he learns the price of kindness and disinterestedness. Here you learn to love and empathize.
family education- this is the pedagogy of everyday life, the pedagogy of every day, this is creativity, work. Children receive the first moral experience in the family, learn to respect their elders, learn to make people pleasant, joyful, kind. The best means of cultivating right relationships is the personal example of father and mother, their mutual respect, love, help and care. If children see good relationships in the family, then, as adults, they themselves will strive for the same beautiful relationship. The family plays an important role in labor education. Children learn to serve themselves, to perform feasible labor duties to help their parents. The presence in children of such an important personality trait as diligence is a good indicator of their moral education. The aesthetics of everyday life has great educational power. Children not only enjoy home comfort, but together with their parents learn to create it.
The history of the question of the influence of the family on the upbringing of a child has its roots in ancient times. Apart from teachers, he excited the minds of many prominent people from different eras and peoples. Tacitus, Petronius, Virgil, Confucius, Kant, Hegel, Catherine the Great, Jean Jacques Rousseau paid attention to family education in their works ... The list is truly inexhaustible. Not a single well-known thinker, politician, statesman has bypassed this topic with his attention. Family education is inextricably linked with the life of society, the state. The Russian writer and educator Nikolai Nikolaevich Novikov wrote in 1783 in his treatise “On the Education and Instruction of Children”: “Educate your children happy people and useful citizens ... The second main part of education, which has the subject of education of the heart and is called scientists moral education.
In modern society, the concept of "spiritual and moral education" does not have an unambiguous interpretation, primarily due to different approaches to the definition of spirituality. Common in numerous definitions of spirituality is the distinction between material and non-material needs, human aspirations. That's why spirituality considered as a combination of two human needs: ideal(knowledge of the meaning of life) and social(service to people). From this perspective, spirituality can be seen as personality self-building factor, the ability of a person to consciously manage himself and his behavior, meaningfully regulate his activities. So, spiritual and moral education is the process of promoting the spiritual and moral development of a person, the formation of:
1. moral feelings (conscience, duty, faith, responsibility, patriotism);
2. moral character (patience, mercy, meekness);
3. moral position (the ability to distinguish between good and evil, to show love, readiness to overcome life's trials);
4. moral behavior (willingness to serve people and the country, manifestations of spiritual prudence, obedience and good will).
With such an approach to spiritual and moral education, a tradition is clearly traced that is passed down from generation to generation, namely: careful attitude towards oneself, the people around, their creations, nature, i.e. to the world as a whole.
The family, like other social institutions, exists by reproducing traditions, following certain patterns of activity, without which its very development is unthinkable. Passed down from generation to generation, traditions help to preserve and reproduce values that have been tested and approved in the cultural and historical process of social relations. Traditions are directly related to spiritual and moral education, regulate and stabilize relations between family members, prepare the child for life in society.
The family is a holistic structure in which each of its members is connected by invisible emotional and traditional bonds with each other. These connections help the child to realize his belonging to the genus. The family is the richest keeper of the historical experience of mankind. Each family has its own history, to which, voluntarily or involuntarily, introduces the child. Through the prism of the history of native people, ancestors, the first historical ideas about war and peace, the peculiarities of work, life, and culture of different generations enter the consciousness of the child.
The family has the potential for the moral and spiritual upbringing of children. But the practice of upbringing, the alarming statistics about the growing number of children wandering around train stations, basements, beaten and mutilated by their own parents, who spend their lives in institutions for orphans, speak of the opposite.
Spiritual and moral education of a child from time immemorial was built on the basis of family values. Moreover, the fundamental principle was considered the unity of such values as marriage, parenthood and kinship. In this trinity, as the historian, philosopher V. S. Solovyov wrote, is rooted "the moral principle of the people": continuity of generations in educational activities, honoring the elders, special attention to the small, honoring the home, work, familiarizing children with family history and family traditions helping the younger generation to realize their role as heirs of national values.
Modern global socio-economic transformations, the renewal of social relations have inevitably led to a change in moral guidelines, values, all forms of social consciousness. Therefore, our contemporaries, especially young people, consider the traditional ideal of the family an anachronism. At the same time, those key moral principles of family interaction on which it was based are overlooked: love, complicity, fidelity, mutual assistance, devotion, honoring parents and ancestors. As a result, public opinion has become tolerant of the disintegration of the traditional set of family role positions - marriage, parenthood, kinship, justifies and approves of marriage without children, kinship without siblings and parenting outside of marriage, raising children without the participation of older relatives, etc. And this led to losses in the field of spiritual and moral education of children. The quality of spiritual and moral education in the family is negatively affected by the rearrangement of emphasis for the purposes of education, the recognition in society of the principle of the primacy of the interests of the individual in relation to the state, society gives rise to an orientation towards individualism, the primacy of personal interests in family education. As a result, there is a threat of loss of understanding of the interests of society, the state, and civic obligations. Child and society, family and society, child and family. These closely related concepts can be arranged in the following sequence: family - child - society. The child grew up, became a conscious member of society, created a family in which children were born again ... From this we can conclude that the moral health of our society depends on how moral, kind and decent our children will be.
The family is traditionally the main institution of education. What a child acquires in the family in childhood, he retains throughout his subsequent life. The importance of the family as an institution of education is due to the fact that the child lives in it for a significant part of his life, and in terms of the duration of his impact on the personality, none of the institutions of education can be compared with the family. It lays the foundations of the child's personality, and by the time he enters school, he is already more than half formed as a person.
The family can act as both a positive and a negative factor in upbringing. The positive impact on the personality of the child is that no one, except for the people closest to him in the family - mothers, fathers, grandparents, treat the child better, do not love him and do not take care of him so much. And at the same time, no other social institution can potentially do as much harm in raising children as a family can do.
The essence of the moral education of youth.
Upbringing- behavioral skills instilled in the family, school, environment and manifested in public life.
Moral- rules that determine behavior, spiritual and mental qualities necessary for a person in society, as well as the implementation of these rules, behavior.
Morality- the rules of morality, as well as morality itself.
What does it represent moral education?
notes that education is the gradual enrichment of the child with knowledge, skills, experience, it is the development of the mind and the formation of attitudes towards good and evil, preparation for the fight against everything that goes against the moral principles accepted in society. By definition, the essence of the process of moral education is that moral ideas become the property of each pupil, turn into norms and rules of behavior. The main content of moral education was the formation of such personality traits as ideology, humanism, citizenship, responsibility, diligence, nobility and the ability to manage oneself.
The writer and teacher writes: “Education is the teaching of a moral life, that is, the teaching of moral means. Raising children, we teach them to achieve their goals at their own expense - using only moral means. Morality (defined by the question “at whose expense?”) indicates the lower limit of actions and deeds possible for a person; it is impossible to transcend the requirements of morality. Morality is the limit of what is permitted by conscience. And there is no upper limit, upwards - spirituality, it is endless ... A person has any choices, except for those that are associated with difficulties for another person ... There will be moral education - the child will perceive the rules of cultural behavior from the environment surrounding him, take an example from his parents ... There will be morality , there will almost certainly be spirituality; if there is no morality, there will be nothing, no upbringing.” Moral values, guidelines and beliefs of the individual are in the family. The family is a special kind of collective that plays the main, long-term and most important role in the upbringing.
"Spiritual Atmosphere" healthy family is designed to instill in the child the need for pure love, a propensity for courageous sincerity and the ability for calm and dignified discipline ”See: Ilyin child. // Hearth No. 9., - the philosopher wrote in 1962.
The researcher of the problem of the moral education of children in the family notes that “among many valuable human qualities, kindness is the main indicator of human development in a person ... The concept of a “kind person” is very complex. It includes a variety of qualities that have long been valued by people. A good person can be called a person who has developed love for the Motherland, people living nearby, an active desire to do good, the ability to self-deny for the good of others, honesty, conscientiousness, a correct understanding of the meaning of life and happiness, a sense of duty, justice, diligence. These are all concepts of morality.
“What should be educated in our children from early childhood, what makes up the moral world of the child?” - asks a question and gives such a classification.
“The moral consciousness of a person, or the moral world of a person, includes three levels:
motivational and incentive;
emotional-sensual;
rational or mental.
Each of these levels consists of elements that make up the essence of the moral world of man.
Motivational-incentive the level contains the motives of actions, moral needs and beliefs. Moral education is correct only when it is based on encouraging children to develop, when the child himself is active in his moral development, that is, when he himself wants to be good. This level is the most important, it is here that the origins of human behavior are rooted, condemned or approved by people and society, bringing good or evil, benefit or harm.
Sensual-emotional level consists of moral feelings and emotions. Emotions, as you know, are positive (joy, gratitude, tenderness, love, admiration, etc.) and negative (anger, envy, anger, resentment, hatred).
Emotions must be ennobled, cultivated in one word - educate. Moral feelings - responsiveness, sympathy, compassion, empathy, pity - are directly related to emotions.
“The rational, or mental, level contains moral knowledge - concepts about the meaning of life and happiness, good and evil, honor, dignity, duty. In addition to concepts, moral knowledge also includes principles, ideals, norms of behavior, moral assessments.
It is necessary to educate in children all the elements of their moral world. Everything is important. The harmony of the moral world of a person, the guarantee of his kindness is provided only by all its components, but moral needs are the guides. Moral needs - the most noble and human - are not given by nature, they must be educated, without them high spirituality and kindness are impossible.
For the emergence of the moral need of the child, a moral environment is necessary. Such an environment should be the kind world of a family or other environment.
The child, not even being able to speak yet, not realizing the speech and actions of adults, already understands, "captures" the moral climate of the family environment and reacts to it in his own way. Goodwill towards each other, calm, affectionate speech, calm tone in communication are a good and obligatory background for the formation of moral needs in a child, and, conversely, screaming, rude intonations - such a family atmosphere will lead to opposite results.
All elements of moral needs are maximally saturated with feelings and emotions.
To educate a child's moral needs, you need to know what elements they consist of.
Moral needs begin
with responsiveness, which we understand as the ability of a person to understand the predicament or condition of another.
A responsive person is usually called sensitive, cordial. Responsiveness is a whole range of feelings - sympathy, compassion, empathy. It is necessary to educate responsiveness in a child even before he develops ideas about good, evil, duty and other concepts.
Another important element of moral needs is a moral attitude, which can be formulated as follows: "Do not harm anyone, but bring maximum benefit." It must be formed in the mind of the child from the time when he begins to speak. Thanks to this attitude, the child will always strive for good, innate egoism or egocentrism is overcome in him.
Nothing does so much harm to the education of kindness as the divergence of the way of life of adults with their verbal instructions. This leads to disappointment in children, distrust, ridicule, cynicism. - Minsk, 1987.
also notes that one of the central concepts of the moral world of a person is conscience. " Conscience- this is a person's ability to self-control, self-esteem based on public moral assessments. Conscience originally means knowledge general information about human behavior, its norms, principles, the essence of man, etc.
It is necessary to begin to form a conscience with the upbringing of a sense of shame in a child. The next stage in the formation of conscience must coincide with the development of such concepts as moral duty and responsibility. Moral duty, responsibility and conscience have one quality of a person in common - a sense of guilt in case of failure to fulfill any obligations.
A child's awareness of the essence of the concept of "conscience" is prepared by the totality of moral family education. And moral needs play an important role here, since remorse of conscience is especially acute in case of injustice towards a person, with the realization that you have done evil to someone, harm, that a person is bad and you are to blame.
The first task of parents is to educate in their children a deep, reliable understanding of conscience so that it becomes a feeling, a particle of the spiritual world. These are the elements of moral needs. Knowing them will help parents raise their children to be kind, happy people who benefit society.
The moral needs of a person are closely connected with moral feelings, which are also the motives of human behavior. This is compassion, sympathy, empathy, disinterestedness ...
To educate developed moral needs is the main task of parents. Problems of moral education in the family.
One of the most important features of adolescence is the development of moral consciousness: moral ideas, concepts, beliefs, a system of value judgments that a teenager begins to be guided in behavior. Depending on what kind of moral experience a teenager acquires, what kind of moral activity he carries out, his personality will develop. At this age, the danger of becoming a victim of improper upbringing is especially great for a child. Let's look at real situations. The researcher gives an example. The mother brings up her daughter Inna alone, her father left when the girl was 3 years old. The mother actively set Inna against her father, who came to visit her daughter: “He is a disgusting person. He left you, he doesn't love you, and you don't even say hello to him! I tried to explain to her that it was impossible to kill respect for her father in a girl. She looked at me over her glasses and said clearly:
I know what is possible and what is not. He is a scoundrel, and the daughter should know this. I am her mother, I love her, I alone will make her happy.
Neither the teachers nor the parental community could convince Innina's mother that she was raising her daughter incorrectly.
Inna is the only thing I have in my life. I gave everything to her... I work day and night...
And in fact it was. Inna studied with an English teacher, for music lessons her mother invited her the best teachers. The girl didn't know anything. Her mother gave all her free time to her: they went to museums together, watched films, read books, and it seemed that there were no better friends than mother and daughter.
But it all just seemed. Inna grew up absurd and selfish. The class didn't like her." Numerous incidents confirmed the girl's inappropriate behavior. And then the day came when the mother ran to the school and exclaimed in despair, addressing the teachers (!): “Who did you raise from my daughter? I'm going to complain about you!" “The woman burst into tears. It was difficult, but I had to tell her the whole truth:
You have been warned about this more than once. You yourself cut the branch on which you were sitting. You wanted to build your authority by destroying all the authorities around you. But you didn't think of yourself. Inna cannot love and respect you, because she does not love and respect anyone at all ”See: Karklin family education. - M., 1983. - S.10-13 ..
This is a vivid example of a completely immoral (despite trips to museums and theaters) upbringing.
Adolescents often do not get along not only with their parents, but also with their peers, with teachers, and finally with themselves.
The main ways and conditions for the formation of the morality of the child in the family
Based on the works of teachers, M. Klimova-Fyugnerova and other researchers, we single out the following methods and conditions for the formation of moral needs (moral education of a child in a family).
Atmosphere of love. A person deprived of this feeling is not able to respect his loved ones, fellow citizens, the Motherland, to do good to people. The atmosphere of love and cordial affection, sensitivity, caring of family members for each other has a strong influence on the child's psyche, gives wide scope for the manifestation of the child's feelings, the formation and realization of his moral needs. American psychologist James Dobson notes: “We all really need not only to belong to a separate group of people who are busy with their own affairs and living in the same house, but also to feel the closeness of loved ones, to breathe in the general atmosphere of a family that is aware of its individuality and originality. , its special character, its traditions. At the same time, P. Lesgaft argued that blind, unreasonable maternal love, “slaughtering a child worse than a rod,” makes a person an immoral consumer.
Atmosphere of sincerity. “Parents ... should not lie to children in any important, significant circumstances of life. Any lie, any deceit, any simulation ... the child notices with extreme sharpness and speed; and, noticing, falls into confusion, temptation and suspicion. If a child cannot be told something, then it is always better to honestly and directly refuse to answer or draw a certain limit in information than to invent nonsense and then get entangled in it, or than to lie and deceive and then be exposed by childish insight. And you should not say this: “It’s too early for you to know,” or “You won’t understand it anyway”; such answers only irritate curiosity and pride in the soul of the child. It is better to answer like this: “I have no right to tell you this; every person is obliged to keep known secrets, and inquiring about other people's secrets is indelicate and immodest. This does not violate directness and sincerity, and a concrete lesson of duty, discipline and delicacy is given ... ".
noted that the word should be applied specifically to a specific person, the word should be meaningful, have a deep meaning and emotional coloring. In order for a word to educate, it must leave a mark on the thoughts and soul of the pupil, and for this it is necessary to teach to delve into the meaning of words. Only then can we expect an emotional impact. The educator must timely move from specific facts, events, phenomena to the disclosure of generalized truths, principles of behavior. Teenagers love to reason, but parents often stop this reasoning, emphasizing their immaturity, explaining it by the fact that they are still small, and therefore it is too early for them to express their opinions. But it is in the course of these reasoning that adolescents comprehend moral concepts.
What is the right way to talk to a child? It's all about knowing what to say and how to say it.
Firstly, it is not necessary to tell a child or teenager what he knows very well without us. It's pointless.
Secondly, we need to think about the tone, the manner of our conversation, in order to avoid "reprimanding" and "boring sermons." Neither one nor the other sinks into the soul of the child.
Thirdly, we need to think about how to connect our conversation with life, what practical result we want to achieve.
And the content, and the tone, and the place, and the time of the conversation - everything is important. With a word we convince, but a conviction cannot exist without its realization. This is the skill of the educator (parent) so that a conversation with the child evokes in the latter an echo of his own thoughts, experiences, prompting him to be active. “The richness of spiritual life begins where noble thought and moral feeling, merging together, live in a highly moral act,” he wrote.
children different ages need to be convinced in different ways. Younger students require convincing examples from life, from books. A teenager is convinced by a deep faith in the word of adults. With the older guys school age advises to think aloud, share doubts with them, seek advice. Such ease affirms trust, sincerity, sincerity, brings together an adult and a child, opens the way to his spiritual world.
A big mistake in family education is reproaches. Some reproach the child that he is already big, but does not study well, others reproach both age and physical strength. Those parents who arouse in children a sense of pride in their adulthood, cheer them up, inspire confidence in the possibility of success, do the right thing. What is wrong with reproaches? The main evil is that such reproaches cause disbelief in oneself, and disbelief weakens the will and paralyzes the soul, making it difficult to make independent decisions in overcoming difficulties.
Punishment is the ultimate measure. Punishment has educational power in the case when it convinces, makes you think about your own behavior, about your attitude towards people. But punishment should not offend the dignity of a person, express disbelief in him.
Censure. The educational power of censure depends on the moral qualities and tact of the educator. It is necessary to be able, without offending the child, to give a fair, although, perhaps, a sharp assessment of his actions. The art of censure consists in a wise combination of severity and kindness. It is very important that the child, in censure of an adult, feels not only severity, but also care for himself.
He considers prohibition to be a very important method in education. It prevents many shortcomings in behavior, teaches children to be reasonable about their desires. There are a lot of desires in children and adolescents, but all of them are impossible and do not need to be satisfied. “If the elders strive to satisfy any desire of the child, a capricious creature grows up, a slave to whims and a tyrant of neighbors. The education of desires is the finest filigree work of a "gardener" - an educator, wise and decisive, sensitive and ruthless. From childhood, it is necessary to teach a person to control his desires, to treat concepts correctly. can, should, can't. Thus, the indulgence of parents is very harmful. “... the art of command and prohibition ... is not easy. But in healthy and happy families, it always blooms.
Feelings need to be nurtured. It means both by word and deed to evoke feelings, to awaken feelings, deliberately creating an appropriate situation or using a natural setting.
The essence of the emotional situation as a means of upbringing is that in connection with any event, an act, a person feels the subtlest experiences of another and responds to them with his own. Feelings are not imposed, but awakened, and they can be awakened not artificially, but by sincere experiences.
Regular work in the presence of a child. Constantly watching the work of adults, the child begins to imitate it in the game, and then he himself is included in the labor process as an assistant, and, finally, as an independent performer.
It is necessary to exclude the so-called surplus irritants from the life of a child: luxury, poverty, excessive delicacies, disordered food, tobacco, alcohol.
Protect the child from contact with immoral people. The most important method of mastering knowledge and experience in a child is imitation. The instinct of imitation makes the child try to reproduce all the actions and deeds of the people around him. Reproduced means mastered. Only by the age of 7 does a child develop his own moral foundations and can evaluate the behavior and actions of the people around him. Therefore, adults who love the child and wish him well should strictly control his every step so as not to serve as an example of immoral behavior for him.
Parents need to pay attention to the chastity of family relationships and in this regard:
a) beware of too sensual "monkey" love for a child, whom they now and then excite with all sorts of immoderate physical caresses;
b) control the manifestation of mutual love in the presence of children. “The matrimonial bed of parents should be covered for children with a chaste secret, kept naturally and unstressed,” he wrote.
Spiritual and moral values, landmarks and beliefs of the individual are in the family.
The family is a special kind of collective that plays the main, long-term and most important role in education. Today we understand quite well that the foundations of morality, the first lessons of “no” and “you can”, the first manifestations of warmth and participation, cruelty and indifference, of course, are formed in the family.
Educate developed spiritual and moral needs- the main task of parents. The task is quite doable. What is needed for its successful solution?
Firstly, parents should be aware of the importance of the spiritual and moral education of children in the family.
Secondly Parents should develop moral needs in themselves.
Thirdly, parents who want to raise their child not spontaneously, but consciously, must begin the analysis of their child's upbringing from an analysis of themselves, from an analysis of their own personality.
Fourth, they must be aware of the importance of this task for themselves, and also clearly understand how and by what methods to form moral qualities in children.
The family is the first instance on the way of the child to life.
The family perceives and transmits cultural and moral values to its pupils. “The family is the primary womb of human spirituality; and therefore the entire spiritual culture, and above all - the Motherland.
Parents constitute the first social environment of the child. Parents are models that the child is guided by every day. Parents' personalities play a significant role in the life of every person.
The purpose and motive of raising a child is a happy, full-fledged, creative, useful to people, and therefore morally rich, life of this child. Family education should be directed to the creation of such a life.
Only with the confidence of the child in parental love is it possible to correctly form the mental world of a person, it is possible to educate moral behavior.
The morality of a child is a necessary condition for his principled positions, the consistency of his behavior, respect for the dignity of the individual, spirituality.
Moral education itself is carried out by forming the child's moral needs and beliefs, moral feelings and emotions, moral knowledge about good and evil.
Parents need to understand that their pedagogical literacy depends primarily on themselves, on their desire to understand the complex and difficult process of personality formation and development; indicate the ways and conditions for the formation of the morality of the child.
APPENDIX
Tips for parents
1. Reassure your children of the vital importance of successful reading in school,
2. Find more opportunities to involve children in work: at home, outside the home, to help school.
3. Check with your children daily about their academic progress and help them catch up.
4. Cultivate children's interest in the book - the source of knowledge. Follow that. what and how children read, discuss the books they read with them.
5. Create conditions for children to diligently and independently complete homework.
6. Use your free time with your children for their spiritual enrichment, education of love and respect for nature, accustoming to work, expanding cognitive and aesthetic interests.
7. Remember that you are the first example for your children, they want to find the best human qualities in you
8. Do not give children a reason for unpleasant experiences, never quarrel in their presence. be tactful
9. Respect the personality of the child, his thoughts, experiences, interests, seek mutual understanding, sincerity and trust.
10. Start good traditions in the family: the more good traditions, the more meaningful, joyful the atmosphere in which the family lives.
11. Promote the development of humane, comradely and friendly relations, cultural behavior in your children
12. Prepare your child to take an active part in school life.
13. Teach children to have a healthy daily routine. rational) nutrition, ensure that children do morning exercises, go in for sports, and be in the fresh air.
14. Teach your child to be friends with other children, do not doom him to loneliness.
15. Any child - an excellent student or a loser, agile or slow, an athlete or a dumbass - can be a friend to your child and therefore deserves respect from you.
16. Appreciate your child's friends not from the position of his parents, but from the position of his attitude towards your child. All value of a person is in himself.
17. By your own attitude towards friends, teach your child to value friends.
18. Try to show your child the virtues of his friends, not the faults.
19. Praise your child for showing his worth in friendship.
20. Invite your child's friends to the house, communicate with them.
21. Remember that childhood friendships that you support will probably become your child's mainstay in adulthood.
22. Teach your child to be honest with friends and not to take advantage of friendship.
23. Learn to be your child's friend.
24. If your child confides his secrets to you as friends, do not blackmail him with them.
25. Criticize, not humiliate, but support.
26. Encourage your child to please his friends.
27. Do not allow the child to betray friends. A little meanness gives birth to a big one.
Tips for parents on how to build relationships with children
Remember that children often don't talk to you based on the "your time to talk" plan. It is important to interact with children in different ways. You may notice that your children will talk about an incident at school that happened a few days or months ago, while helping you cook, clean the apartment, on the way home from football or from a dance club.
When your child shares something important to them, just shut up and listen carefully.
It's easy to cut ties if you constantly interrupt your child (even if you know what the story is about) or offer advice before he finishes a detailed story. Understand that your turn will come.
Please don't let's good advice during an hour-long lecture.
Children will not share with you if they know that at the end they will have to listen to a long and boring lecture for them about what to do and not to do in life.
Be concise, to the point, and grateful for what they share with you.
The punishment must match the offense. A guaranteed way to spoil and even stop communicating with a child is to feel fear that something will slip in their story that can turn into a harsh punishment. Parents must be careful and understand that children make mistakes and as parents we must teach, cherish, protect, guide and love them. Unfair punishments for small offenses impair communication and undermine the authority of parents. Be careful about discipline.
Try to understand their "culture". Sometimes we forget that we were once children too; wore strange clothes, listened to music our parents hated, and even created a language only our friends could understand. As parents, we should always consider their opinion, while repeating to ourselves that all this "too will pass." If we constantly criticize children, they can withdraw into themselves.
Introduce a tradition in which the whole family at least once a week will get together. Joint "gatherings" at the same table is a great way to enjoy each other's company and talk about each other. Reading a book together is another good way to spend time together. So come up with a tradition and try to keep it.
The most important thing for non-native parents is to establish communication with children. Whether you are a married couple or a single parent, your children will watch you interact with other adults in one way or another.
Reminder to parents.
1. Don't expect your child to be like you or the way you want. Help him become not you, but himself.
2. Do not ask your child to pay for everything you have done for him. You gave him life, how can he thank you? He will give life to another, that to a third, and this is an irreversible law of gratitude.
3. Do not take out your grievances on the child, so that in old age you do not eat bitter bread. For what you sow, that will come up.
Do not ask your child to pay for everything you have done for him. You gave him life, how can he thank you? He will give life to another, that to a third, and this is an irreversible law of gratitude
4. Don't look down on his problems. Life is given to everyone according to their strength and, be sure, it is no less difficult for him than for you, and maybe more, because he has no experience.
5. Do not humiliate!
6. Do not forget that the most important meetings of a person are his meetings with children. Pay more attention to them - we can never know who we meet in a child.
7. Don't beat yourself up if you can't do something for your child. Torture if you can - but you don't. Remember, not enough is done for a child if everything is not done.
8. A child is not a tyrant who takes over your whole life, not only the fruit of flesh and blood. This is the precious cup that Life has given you for keeping and developing the creative fire in it. This is the liberated love of mother and father, in whom not "our", "our" child will grow, but the soul given for safekeeping.
9. Know how to love someone else's child. Never do to someone else what you would not like to be done to yours.
10. Love your child in any way - untalented, unlucky, adult. Communicating with him - rejoice, because the child is a holiday that is still with you.
common truths
1. A family is a material and spiritual cell for raising children, for marital happiness and joy. The basis, the core of the family is marital love, mutual care and respect. The child should be a member of the family, but not its center. When a child becomes the center of the family and parents sacrifice themselves to him, he grows up as an egoist with high self-esteem, he believes that "everything should be for him." For such reckless love for himself, he often repays evil - neglect of parents, family, people.
No less harmful, of course, is an indifferent, all the more neglectful attitude towards a child. Avoid extremes in love for a child.
2. The main law of the family: everyone takes care of each member of the family, and each member of the family, to the best of his ability, takes care of the whole family. Your child must firmly grasp this law.
3. Raising a child in a family is a worthy, continuous acquisition of useful, valuable life experience in the process of living in a family. The main means of raising a child is the example of the parents, their behavior, their activities, this is the child's interested participation in the life of the family, in its worries and joys, this is work and conscientious fulfillment of your instructions. Words are an aid. The child must perform certain household chores, which become more complicated as they grow older, for themselves, for the whole family.
4. The development of a child is the development of his independence. Therefore, do not patronize him, do not do for him what he can and should do for himself. Help him in acquiring skills and abilities, let him learn to do everything that you can do. It’s not scary if he does something wrong: the experience of mistakes and failures is useful to him. Explain to him his mistakes, discuss them with him, but do not punish for them. Give him the opportunity to try his hand at different things to determine his abilities, interests and inclinations.
5. The basis of a child's behavior is his habits. See to it that good, good habits are formed in him and that bad habits do not arise.
Teach him to distinguish between good and evil. Explain the harm of smoking, alcohol, drugs, promiscuity, materialism, lies. Teach him to love his home, his family, kind people, his land.
The most important habit for him should be the observance of the daily routine. Develop a reasonable daily routine with him and strictly monitor its implementation.
6. Contradictions in the demands of parents are very harmful for the upbringing of a child. Coordinate them with each other. Even more harmful are the contradictions between your demands and those of the school and teachers. If you do not agree with our requirements or you do not understand them, come to us and we will discuss the problems together.
7. It is very important to create a calm, friendly climate in the family, when no one yells at anyone, when even mistakes and misconduct are discussed without scolding and hysteria. The mental development of the child, the formation of his personality to a large extent depends on the style of family education. The normal style is democratic, when children are given a certain independence, when they are treated with warmth and respect for their personality. Of course, some control over the behavior and teaching of the child is necessary in order to help him in difficult situations. But it is more important to contribute in every possible way to the development of self-control, self-analysis and self-regulation of their activities and behavior.
Do not insult the child with your suspicions, trust him. Your trust, based on knowledge, will bring up personal responsibility in him. Do not punish the child for the truth if he confessed his mistakes himself.
8. Teach your child to take care of the younger and older in the family. Let the boy yield to the girl; from this begins the education of future fathers and mothers, the preparation of a happy marriage.
9. Keep track of your child's health. Teach him to take care of his own health and physical development. Remember that during the years of schooling the child experiences (in one form or another) age crises: a crisis at 6-7 years old (when a child has an internal position, awareness of his feelings and experiences), a crisis of puberty (usually passing in girls 2 years earlier than in boys) and a youthful crisis of finding one's place in life. Be attentive to the child during these periods of crisis, change the style of your attitude towards him as you move from one age period to another.
10. A family is a house, and like any house, it can deteriorate over time and need to be repaired and updated. Be sure to check from time to time to see if your family home needs updating and refurbishment.
A reminder to a parent from a child.
Don't spoil me, you spoil me. I know very well that it is not necessary for me to present to me everything that I request. I'm just testing you.
Don't be afraid to be firm with me. This allows me to define my place.
Do not rely on force in dealing with me. This will teach me that it is necessary to reckon only with force.
Don't make promises you can't keep: that will weaken my faith in you.
Do not make me feel younger than I really am, otherwise you can become a "crybaby" and "whiner".
Don't make me feel like my actions are a mortal sin. I have to learn to make mistakes without feeling like I'm good for nothing.
Don't protect me from the consequences of my own mistakes. I am learning from my own experience. “Don't try to get rid of me when I ask frank questions. Otherwise, I will stop asking questions altogether and look for information on the side.
Don't worry that we spend too little time together. What matters is how we spend it.
Treat me the way you treat your friends, then I will be your friend too.
Bibliography:
1. Urbanovich foundations of family and marriage. The system of work with high school students and parents: methodological recommendations, lesson development, tests, questionnaires, psychological workshops. Methodical manual with electronic application. – M.: Globus, 2009. – 256 p. - (Educational work).
2. Formation of family values: games and trainings for students and parents / comp. . - Volgograd: Teacher, 2011. - 183 p.
1. Eumenius, abbot.. Anomalies of parental love. Ed. 2nd. "Light of Orthodoxy", 2008.
2. Family Culture: Textbook / Comp. , . - Kostroma, 2005.
3. Kuraev of religious cultures and secular ethics. Fundamentals of Orthodox culture. Grades 4-5: textbook for educational institutions. - M .: Education, 2010 (lesson 27. Christian family).
4. Polovinkin spiritual culture. - M., VLADOS - PRESS, 2003.
5. Shishov's child was not difficult. Education of children from 4 to 14 years. - Klin, Christian Life, 2007.
6. Janushkevich's upbringing: history and modernity. – M.: PRO-PRESS, 2008.
7. , Yanushkiavichen morality. Textbook for schoolchildren and students. - M., 2000.
Tuva State Institute of Retraining
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"Formation of spiritual and moral values
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mastery of non-traditional methods of cognitive activity of socio-cultural problems; informational, including the mastery of sociocultural information, its systematization and updating; logico-gnostic, associated with the continuity and development of the cognitive abilities of the individual; developing, contributing to the development of personality spheres - intellectual, emotional, strong-willed and effective-practical; integrative, ensuring the integrity of the cognitive process, the relationship of principles, the integrated development of personality spheres; coordinating, associated with the regulation of the interaction between the subject and the object of the pedagogical process, the use of a set of methods in accordance with the purpose and objectives of the educational program. The significance of the above principles of the general scientific level for the organization of e-education is due to the following: for example, the principle of ascent from the abstract to the concrete as a principle of scientific knowledge requires an analysis of the history of the emergence of the subject matter of the problem and its solution using the methods of synthesis, induction and deduction; the principle of the unity of the historical and the logical is connected with the establishment of the logic of the historical development of the phenomenon under consideration; the principle of determinism, causation, reflects the relationship and interdependence of processes and phenomena; the principle of development reflects the irreversibility of development, its progressiveness and continuity; the principle of knowability acts as the highest form of reflection in the human mind of reality, which is historically conditioned; the connection between theory and practice as a general scientific principle reflects the primacy of practice, its empirical value in cognitive activity; in pedagogical terms, the study of theory points to ways to improve practice. The above principles and functions act as general scientific methodological foundations of e-learning. It should be noted that the didactic principles of organizing e-education are basically the same: it is the correspondence of the didactic process to the laws of teaching; scientific principle; the unity of the educational, upbringing and developmental functions of education; teamwork and individual approach to learning; visibility in teaching; Consciousness, activity and independence of students; consistency and systematic in teaching; availability. However, the implementation of these principles is due to the specifics of e-learning, the possibilities of telecommunications and the Internet. The success of e-education and learning largely depends on the effective organization and pedagogical quality of educational materials, the development of patterns and principles of content.
Literature
1. Federal Law No. 273-F3 of December 29, 2012 (as amended on July 13, 2015) "On Education in Russian Federation"(as amended and supplemented, effective from 24.07.2015).- Access mode http://sudact.ru/law/ doc/ CxRPDd9gK3dX /002/.
2. Murtazina G.Kh. Trends in the development of remote educational technologies// Vestnik Kazan. state University of Culture and Arts. - 2010. - No. 2.
A.N. Galeeva
FAMILY VALUES OF YOUTH.
The article deals with aspects of the formation of family values of young people. Today it is generally recognized that the formation of family spiritual and moral values, the upbringing of a value attitude towards the family lies in the plane of education. Of particular importance is the process of developing family values of young people, since it is at this time that awareness and recognition of oneself and others, the formation of a life position and the foundations of a worldview take place.
Key words: family, family values, traditions, youth, family pedagogy, family education, social and cultural activities, folklore, leisure.
Alexandra Galeeva FAMILY VALUES OF YOUTH.
The article discusses aspects of the formation of family values of youth. Nowadays it is widely accepted that the formation of family moral values, and raising of value relation to the family lies in the field of education. The process of family values development among youth has particular importance, because at this time there are an awareness and recognition of self and others, and the formation of attitudes and the basics of the world.
Keywords: family, family values, traditions, youth, family pedagogy, family education, social and cultural activities, folklore, leisure.
Human life is inextricably linked with the family. It is in it that the formation and realization of his personality takes place. That is why the formation of family values among the younger generation is very
relevant. At different stages of a person's life cycle, his functions and status in the family are constantly changing. So, for a child, the family is the source of his intellectual, physical, mental, emotional development. For an adult, the family is a place to satisfy a number of his needs, both physical and spiritual.
In its development, the family goes through a series of successive stages: 1. marriage; 2. the birth of the first child; 3. end of childbearing (last child); 4. "empty nest" - the loss of the last child from the family; 5. termination of the family with the death of one of the spouses. The family provides its members with physical, economic and social security, and also acts as the most important tool for the socialization of the individual. Thanks to it, cultural, ethnic, moral values are broadcast. The family, thus, remaining the most stable and conservative element of society, develops along with it.
In the scientific literature, the issues of family and family education, the formation of value relations are considered quite widely. So, the psychologists L.S. Vygotsky, N.D. Dobrynina, V.V. Ilyina, K.K. Platonova, D.N. Uznadze dealt with the problem of the family, family values. The pedagogical aspect of the problem of the value attitude to the family is revealed in the works of V.I. Perevedentsev, V.A. Titarenko, A.G. Kharchen. I.S.Andreeva, A.I.Antonov, M.Yu.Arutyunyan, V.A.Borisov, E.K.Vasilyeva, A.G.Vishnevsky, T.A. Gurko, O.M. Zdravomyslova, O.V. Mitina, Z.A. Yankova. In the works of D. Olson, O. Toffler, Afernhem, P. Haven, P. Sztompka, a number of issues of the evolution of family and marriage are analyzed, complex ties between the family and society are revealed. The issues of state family policy have been studied by many Russian researchers. Among them A.I.Antonov, N.M.Rimashevskaya, S.V.Darmodekhin, E.B.Ereeva, I.A.Zimnyaya, A.M.Nechaeva, A.M.Panov, M.S. S.I. Golod, who primarily aimed to track the emerging negative trends and propose methods for their prevention.
Family values are values-norms and act as an ideal basis for orientation, ideal criteria on the basis of which reality is assessed and a choice of an act or action is made. N.A. Zelevskaya defined family values as sociocultural preferences in marriage and family spheres (the sphere of premarital behavior, the choice of a marriage partner, the sphere of parenthood, the sphere of marriage and family relations, the sphere of marriage and family roles, sphere of matrimony). Family values in this sense are associated with the value orientations of family members and are able to satisfy the needs of individuals, serve their interests and goals. In the understanding of Zh.N. Dyulda family values are what should be personally significant for a teenager, what is dear, interesting to him and what should contribute to his positive idea of the family world, relationships between family members, awareness of his own place in the family world. According to V.A. Titarenko, value relations are both a process of perception and understanding of the world through the prism of values, the result of this process: the relationship of the subject to certain objects as personal values.
The formation of a system of family values occurs throughout a person’s life, but the most sensitive period is adolescence, since it is at this time that awareness and recognition of oneself and others, the formation of a life position and the foundations of a worldview take place. The formation of a young person's family values is a contradictory, natural process of quantitative and qualitative changes in his level of culture under the influence of external factors.
Most scientists, prominent political and public figures recognize that the younger generation in all countries is a reserve for development, positive social change and technological innovation. The ideals, energy and open-mindedness of young people are central to the ongoing development of a sustainable society.
The concept of "youth" has undergone a long evolution. In different periods of history and in different countries, it was understood as different groups of society. For example, Pythagoras divided a person's life according to the seasons: "spring" - from birth to 20 years old, "summer" - from 20 to 40 years old - this is youth. Jean-Jacques Rousseau divided youth into 5 periods: from birth to one year, from one year to 12 years, from 12 to 15 years, from 15 to 20 years, from 20 to 25 years. Now there is a tendency to increase the youth age. This is due to the fact that the period of study has now extended, and young people later enter an independent life. In Russia, it is customary to refer to youth as a category of people aged 14 to 30 inclusive (in Luxembourg, the upper limit is 31 g, in France - 25). According to the UN classification, the age of youth is from 15 to 24 years. It is currently 1.2 billion
Lovek, i.e. 18% of the world population.
As G. Allport points out, “Young people are a generation of people passing through the stage of socialization, assimilating educational, professional and civic qualities and being prepared by society to fulfill adult roles” .
According to V.A. Slastenin and I.F. Isaev, youth is a rather heterogeneous social community, which can be distinguished by age, education, social origin. Differentiation of young people by age allows us to distinguish three main groups:
14 - 19 years old (boys and girls) - a group of young people who are financially dependent on parental families and are faced with the choice of a profession;
20 - 25 years old (youth in the narrow sense of the word) - a youth group integrating into the socio-professional structure of society, acquiring material and social independence;
26 - 29 years old (young adults) - socio-demographic group, completing the acquisition of a full set social statuses and roles, which has become the subject of social reproduction.
Education solves the central task - the development of young people's thinking, which provides social orientation in the field of cognition. Cognition proceeds both in the process of learning at a lesson or lecture, and in extracurricular work. L.Yu. Sirotkin notes that young people feel a lack of self-education skills, they experience difficulties in independently processing scientific and socio-political information. In this case, the orientation towards self-education is important, assuming the presence of a certain orientation of the personality, the state of readiness for a specific activity, the ability to satisfy the needs that have arisen.
Presidential Decree No. 761 of January 1, 2012 “On the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children for 2012-2017” declared the unconditional priority of the family and family values, and provided for the development of state family policy. Young people should become an active participant in the implementation of these important tasks aimed at reviving and strengthening in every way the social institution of the family, family values and traditions as the foundation of the foundations of Russian society and the state. In addition, in the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 17, 2013 No. 1155, in connection with the approval of the Federal State Educational Standard of the new generation, the tasks of spiritual and moral development and education of students are defined, in particular, in the field of the formation of family culture. These include: 1) the formation of attitudes towards the family as the basis of Russian society; 2) the formation of a student's respectful attitude towards parents, a conscious, caring attitude towards elders and younger ones; 3) formation of ideas about family values, gender family roles and respect for them; 4) acquaintance of the student with the cultural, historical and ethnic traditions of the Russian family. At the development stage educational programs personal results include, among other things, “awareness of the importance of the family in the life of an individual and society, acceptance of the value of family life, respectful and caring attitude towards family members” and “responsible attitude to creating a family based on a conscious acceptance of the value of family life” .
As R.Sh. a cult of respect for elders, creating favorable conditions for the continuity of generations. In today's situation, cultural and leisure associations - search and research groups, folklore groups, etc., should be considered the best form of familiarizing the family with the historical cultural heritage of their people. in this regard, the study of pedagogical potential becomes an urgent pedagogical task folk traditions and determining the conditions for its implementation in the field of optimizing the educational functions of the modern family. According to the author, the inclusion of a child together with their parents in collective creativity will make it possible to most effectively solve the whole range of pedagogical tasks - to ensure a general acquaintance with ethno-cultural traditions, master the technologies of artistic activity, organically absorb the moral values underlying the repertoire of family roles.
Summing up, it should be noted that the family is the basis social organization modern society, it not only preserves culture and creates conditions for the transmission of traditions from generation to generation. Considering family values as a result of certain social influences and as the goal of upbringing, education and enlightenment, pedagogical science
explores the content, forms and methods, focuses on identifying the methodological, psychological and pedagogical foundations, conditions and principles for the formation of a responsible attitude towards the family. The study of the formation of family values of young people by means of social and cultural activities will make it possible to specify technological approaches to the formation of value priorities for family leisure.
Literature
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8. Model of the formation of family values in children and adolescents: study method. allowance / S.S. Fedorenko, N.N. Kislova, M.V. Martynova and others; under. ed. E.V. Vergizova, T.S. Vorobeykova, O.V. Erlich. - S.-Pb.: Own publishing house, 2014. - 403 p.
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UDC 008;379.85
E.I. Minullina
SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES
The article deals with issues related to the social integration of youth through tourism activities. The opinions of leading teachers, psychologists, sociologists on this issue are being studied.
Key words: youth, integration, social integration, tourist activity.
Minullina E.I. SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN TORISMACTIVITIES
This article discusses issues related to the social integration of youth by means of tourist activity. We study the opinions of leading educators, psychologists, sociologists on this issue. Awareness of the need to understand the role of scientific tourist activity as a factor in the formation of the social integration of young people led to the expediency of the theoretical analysis, the purpose of which is the realization of socially oriented, kulturosozidayuschego, pedagogical potential tourist activity as a means to promote social and cultural activities of today"s youth and substantiation of the mechanism of realization of social integration. Youth tourism is inseparable from the process of cognition. It provides an opportunity to satisfy the traveler his direct interest in the new facts, entertaining events, the desire for a positive emotional experience associated with obtaining new information.
Keywords: youth, integration, social integration, tourism activity.
“For the effective operation of the system of educating the young generation, which has a strong spontaneous, often negative socializing impact from the socio-cultural environment and the media, a set of measures is needed that could turn our youth audience towards culture ...”, which carries modern tourism activity. The problem of social integration of youth to changing conditions modern world is a hot topic in sociological, cultural studies, as well as pedagogical and sociocultural sciences.
Awareness of the need to scientifically comprehend the role of tourism activities as a factor in the formation of social integration of young people led to the expediency of implementing the theory
