Russian folk pestushki and nursery rhymes. Traditions of Infant Development: Dogs and Nursery Rhymes. Playing okay

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The best examples of folklore help parents to make their communication with their child more intense emotionally and aesthetically. However, today they are almost never used in communication with the baby. What is hidden behind the mysterious concept of "nurturing" a baby? And do modern mothers need it?

Emotional communication is one of the leading lines of development of a small child, starting from the first months of his life. Mother's affectionate touch, her voice, singing, loving eyes, the first games in combination with a poetic word - all this was called and is called by a capacious word - folklore. Folk pedagogy includes small genres of poetry for children: pestushki *, nursery rhymes, jokes, sayings, etc. They formed the basis of maternal pedagogy, tested for centuries. And one can only marvel at the folk genius who managed to express in a poetic word the great power of mother's love.

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* Pestushka- this is from the word "nurture" - in the old days it meant to nurse a small child, take care of him. Now more often used in figuratively- Carefully, lovingly cultivate, educate.

Folk pedagogy has developed its own traditional folklore genres for the little ones. All of them are unpretentious in content and simple in form, but they are fraught with considerable aesthetic and didactic (from the Greek didaktikós - instructive) dignity. A simple rhyme, repeated sound combinations and words, exclamations and emotional appeals involuntarily make the baby listen, freeze for a moment, peering into the face of the speaker. The unique originality of folklore is especially valuable for activating a child in a period when he has not yet formed voluntary actions, attention, and reaction to words.

It should be noted that all genres correspond to the psychophysical capabilities of a small child, so they can be used now, focusing on the microperiods of early childhood - from birth to 3 months; from 3 to 6 months; 6-9 months; 9-12 months A newborn baby grows "by leaps and bounds." The baby changes intensively every three months, therefore, new, more complex tasks are posed in mastering body and hand movements, speech skills, emotional manifestations, cognitive reactions to the world and, of course, communication skills in dealing with adults. It is interesting that for each named micro-period it is possible to select folk works that correspond precisely to its genetically determined tasks. This also applies to the 2nd and 3rd years of life.

Pestushki, nursery rhymes, jokes, tongue twisters, fables and shape-shifters, differing from each other in their pedagogical orientation, are introduced into a child's life in different ways, depending on age.

Piggies include play interaction with a child, when an adult performs movements "for him", playing with his arms and legs. The infant may still be inaccessible to such movements as body turns, he cannot purposefully act with his hands, he does not know how to sit down, crawl, stand up at the support on his own - all this will come to him within 1 year of life. It was during this period that the mother fosters the baby: she plays with her hands, strokes the baby on the tummy, makes “stompers” with his legs. The mother caresses the awakened baby, touching with light massage movements, gently says:

"Sip,
Porastunyushki,
Across the fat girl
And in the legs - walkers
And in the hands - grabbing,
And in the mouth - talk,
And in the head - a mind. "

"Stiffers!
Pretty little girls!
Across the fatty
Hands are gross.
Legs are runners. "

Massage, turning the head, throwing handles on the head, waving hands with mother's help, etc. - all this not only physically improves the baby, but also gives him a lot of pleasure. If at the same time mom says cheerfully:

"I'm mixing, I'm mixing the dough,
There is a place in the oven
I bake, bake a loaf!
For the little head - go ahead, go ahead! " -

what is happening causes an emotional "surge" in the child, the need to contact an adult, and most importantly, the desire to repeat those movements that he cannot yet perform on his own. With each repeated play, the mother feels an increasing activity in the performance of movements from the side of the baby. Listening to the affectionate recitative of the mother, the baby anticipates the play movements, laughs and already substitutes the head, stretches the arms, stretches the legs, etc., waiting for a familiar turn in the game. So with the help of the little dogs, the playful "training" of the baby begins.

Swinging on the leg, "jumping" and swaying on their mother's or father's knees, grandmothers depicting a horse race, riding down a mountain, dancing, etc. are also entertaining for children. Of course, such games are useful for older kids, when the baby already knows how to sit well and rise on its own legs:

Let's go, let's go
With nuts, with nuts!
Galloped, galloped
With rolls, with rolls!
Skipping, skipping
Over bumps, over bumps -
Into the hole - boo!

An adult throws the child on his knees, and then pretends to lower it down (squeezes it with his knees and puts it back on the "horse" ("sleigh", "cart", etc.).

Good road
Good road
Now something has become worse
Now something has become worse
Naughty, playin ',
Naughty, playin ',
On the bridge, under the bridge,
On the bridge, under the bridge,
Thump into the hole!

Exercises that prepare the child for mastering walking are useful.

Toki-Toki-tooshka,
Forge, forge legs.
Antoshka's legs
Driving along the path
The path is crooked
No end, no end.

Pronouncing the rhymed lines, the mother alternately slaps the baby lying on the back in the footsteps, which reflexively react to light touches. So an adult forms a sense of the rhythm of walking when stepping over one or the other leg.

When the child begins to master walking, other little dogs come to the rescue, for example:

Ta-ta-ta, ta-ta-ta,
A cat married a cat;
The cat walks on the bench
Leads the cat by the paws,
Tops-tops on the bench,
Ds-ds for paws.

Saying these verses, the mother holds the baby by the arms and, stepping back, gently leads him along. The rhythm of the verse also sets the rhythm of walking: "tops-tops", "tsaps-tsaps" coincide with the steps of a child who is stepping over.

The kid can be driven in another way: an adult holds him behind by the armpits and, with his legs wide apart, encourages him to step over his legs.

Big feet
We walked along the road:
Top-top-top,
Top-top-top.
Little feet
We ran along the path:
Top-top-top, top-top-top!
Top-top-top, top-top-top!

Amusing for the child and little dogs, thanks to which he learns to do rhythmic clapping. An adult grabs the baby's arms and, bringing them closer, says:

"Okay, okay,
Where were you? - At Annushka's.
What did you eat? - Pancakes.
Where are the pancakes? - Ate ...
No pancakes! "

Game continues. An adult suggests going to Panichka:

Okay, okay,
Where were you? - At Panechka.
What did you eat? -Gingerbread!
Where are the gingerbreads?
Have eaten ...
No gingerbread!(The child's arms are spread apart).

Then the adult offers to "go" to Mikeshka to eat nuts, then to Troshka to eat potatoes, and then to Senechka for seeds (by analogy). It is important that while playing, the child learns to fold his palms at the word "okay" and perform play movements with his hands in the rhythm of a song.

Gradually, the little pestushki are replaced by nursery rhymes - this is the name of the verdict songs that accompany the game with fingers, pens, head, and legs. Nursery rhymes differ from pestushkas in that they are designed for the activity of the child himself, who performs independently play movements, correlating them with the content of the nursery rhyme: finger movements, twirling palms ("flashlights"), patting handles ("palms"), head ("ears"), etc.

Performing nursery rhymes, they take a small child in their arms, move with him, swing him, perform various movements with his arms, legs, head. In these games, the kid not only memorizes the words and melodies of nursery rhymes, not only repeats them himself, but also gets physical development.

So, for example, the nursery rhyme "Okay, okay" is presented to the child in order to teach the baby to independently perform a sequential chain, play actions, when the baby makes "flashlights" with pens, then claps his hands.

Okay, okay!
Where were you?
By Grandma.
What did you eat?
Koshku.
Have you been drinking?
Sour milk.
Yummy yummy
Kashka sweet,
Nice grandmother!
We drank, ate, shu-oo-oo ...
We flew home
They sat on the head,
Ladies began to sing.(The kid throws up his hands, makes waves and puts his palms to the head).

You can put any name in the nursery rhyme: it is important that the baby understands that we are talking about him. He will be very interested if his mother plays this nursery rhyme in front of him with a doll:

Pussy, pussy, pussy, scatter!
Don't sit on the path:
Our doll will go
Will fall through the pussy!(The toy cat is placed in the path of the walking doll and then removed.)

Get out of the way cat!
Doll Tanechka is coming,
Doll Tanechka is coming,
Will never fall!

For babies at the beginning of the 2nd year of life, nursery rhymes are selected, which, not only are understandable to the baby in their content, but also reflect the moments of his usual daily routine: feeding, sleeping, washing, playing, etc. It is good if adults know the folklore word and can “blossom”, emotionally enrich, it would seem, quite ordinary situations. While playing with the child, helping to stand up, one can say:

"Dybok, dybok,
Soon Sasha is one year old!
Dybok-dybok! A whole year! "

When washing, you can say:

Vodichka-vodichka,
Wash our face
To make the eyes shine
To make your cheeks turn red
So that the mouth laughs,
To bite a tooth.

Bathing the baby, mom affectionately says:

"The water is fluid,
The child is quick-witted.
Water off a duck
With a child of thinness!
Water down,
And the child up! "

Dressing the child for a walk, the mother can entertain him with the following lines:

Our Masha(Dasha, Sasha, Katya) small,
She is wearing an alenka fur coat,
The edge is beaver,
Masha is black-browed.

The desire of mothers, nannies to raise a child strong, healthy and well-nourished gave rise to many sayings with the help of which they tried to feed the child, give him milk, treat him with a pie, pamper pancakes, jelly, etc.

Jelly came
I sat down on a bench
I sat down on a bench
He ordered Olenka to eat.

Possible and completely short version:

Let's cook porridge,
We will feed Sasha.

Love for a child, affection and motherly tenderness are expressed in the following lines:

Our baby in the garden
Like an apple in honey!

It is important that the mother smiles at the same time and her speech is very emotional:

On an oak, on an oak
There are two little doves sitting here.
Their necks are blue
They have golden feathers,
Red caftans
Blue pockets
They sit on an oak tree,
They say among themselves:
All about Galenka
All about the little ...

Many years have passed since these nursery rhymes appeared, and until now they have not lost their relevance. And today children, just as at all times, expect from their loved ones attention, care, love, expressed not only in actions, but also in a kind word. It is important not only to love your baby, but also to be able to emotionally, brightly and beautifully express your feelings. The popular word is the unsurpassed "teacher": this is why adults need to master the techniques so much folk art and, communicating with the baby, skillfully "weave" them into everyday speech.

It should be borne in mind that for a small child, it is not just conversations, stories about something or someone that are significant. He needs to be an accomplice in what is happening and hear from an adult a direct appeal to himself in order to feel the attitude of mom, dad or grandmother, etc. in a specific situation, to understand their mood at the moment.

In the bright little house
Lizusha has grown!
People love her
All doves her.
Option for a boy:
Who is our good one?
Who is good-looking?
Kolya is good,
Nice knee.

In this case, you can stroke the child on the head, hold the handles and lead a round dance.

As researchers of poetic folklore for little ones note, all the most important components of the game are combined in pestushki and nursery rhymes: word creation, visualization, rhythm and instruction. Even more of these features are seen in jokes.

Jokes differ from pestushki and nursery rhymes in that they are not associated with any game movements. But they have some kind of fabulous plot. These works are intended for children of the 2nd - 3rd years of life, who have already accumulated certain ideas about the world. The baby's knowledge of the surrounding objects and phenomena is associated with his knowledge of man and human activity. That is why in folk works all animals act like people, their actions are evaluated from the point of view of human logic. For example:

Dog in the kitchen
He bakes pies.
Cat in the corner
Suhari pounds.
Cat in the window
The dress is sewn.
Hen in boots
Sweeps the hut.

Such works should be read emotionally, even artistically, changing the strength and pitch of the voice, intonationally highlighting the semantic content. The kid must understand what exactly you want to tell him, what you draw his attention to. Of course, you need colorful illustrations, pictures that support interest in the poetic text at the visual level. Jokes can be called dynamic sounding pictures from the life of animals, birds, and even insects, but at the same time they reflect human relationships. That is why this genre provides excellent material both for acquaintance with others and for social development small child: in an allegorical, playful, entertaining form, the baby gets an idea of the world.

A squirrel is sitting on a cart
She sells nuts:
Chanterelle-sister,
Sparrow, titmouse,
To the fat-headed bear,
Zainke mustache,
To whom in a scarf,
To whom in the goiter,
To whom in a paw.

Having read this joke expressively, you can invite the child to look at the illustration, name all the animals listed, ask about their characteristic external features, etc. The word “sells”, which corresponds to the original text of the joke, can be replaced with “distributes” in lessons with the baby. This situation should be depicted in playing with toys: a squirrel treats its friends, and they, having received a nut, thank her. You can end this lesson with the words:

“And our Galenka is in the handle.
Help yourself, Galenka, to your health! "

Jokes are like painted nesting dolls or wooden mechanical toys, where everything is bright and figurative. All the characters are endowed with memorable features: Galka has a “blue sundress”, a cockerel has a golden comb and a silk beard, a chicken has a hazel-grouse, and a grandmother’s geese has “one gray, the other white”. Sonorous epithets and dynamic images - everything is filled with light and iridescent multicolor: azure flowers smiling at the sun, a cockerel that "gets up early, sings loudly", "a bell-sun" generously pouring "gold into a window", etc .:

Cockerel, cockerel,
Golden scallop,
Butter head,
Shchelkov beard,
That you get up early
Sing loudly
Don't you let the kids sleep?

Goat-hassle
Day-to-day busy:
She - to nibble herbs,
She - to run to the river,
She - to guard the goat,
Protect small children
So that the wolf does not steal,
So that the bear does not lift
So that the fox-fox
I didn't take them with me.

A special kind of jokes - fairy tales and shape-shifting songs, which help the child to understand the real and the fantastic, strengthen the child in the correct perception and feeling of the world. This is the high pedagogical value of fables.

Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandpa Yegor is coming.
Himself on a horse,
Wife on a cow
Children on calves
Grandchildren on kids.

There was an important turnip,
Each grandmother wondered:
One day
You can't go around.
The whole village was eating
The whole week.

Fictions, in which real connections are deliberately displaced, are intended for older children who already have sufficient life experience to feel the paradoxical nature of the situation described. Reading such poems contributes to the development of freedom of thought, imagination and, importantly, a sense of humor. Children early age(up to 3 years old) perceive paradoxes as reality. It is important that the baby hears surprise in the voice of an adult and understands that something incredible is happening.

The folk poetic word addressed to children is necessary not only for them, but also for adults to express their love for a child, tenderness, care, belief that he is growing healthy and beautiful, strong and smart. There are no edifications in these works, but so much is read between the lines that one can without exaggeration call folklore for little ones a means of folk didactics, introducing children to the poetic word, enriching them spiritually and developing physically.

Lyubov Pavlova
Leading Researcher of the Center
« Preschool childhood" them. A.V. Zaporozhets,
PhD in Psychology

The baby is in the cradle. We are glad that he is mumbling there, gurgling that he is a dove. You will approach him quietly and affectionately like this:

"Gurkuy, gurkuy,
My son!
Gurkuy, gurkuy,
Gurkunochek!
You will gurk-gurkovat
I will nourish with porridge!

The porridge is boiled, the milk is fermented. I'll feed you, my son, with porridge, give you milk. Gurkuy, gurkuy, my pretty, pretty, good-looking! Why did you shut up? Did you teach your mother? " He smiles at you. Here you can feed him from the cradle.

(Georgia, Dukhobors)

Stir-fry! You will put a baby in a diaper. I just say, “Let's lie down, stretch out! Let me try on how big you have already grown. " He then selects his hands from the diaper in advance. Well, I begin to measure: "Fries, little crumbs, so that he was healthy and pretty, one, two, three ..." And he rumbles - it tickles him. And you start measuring from the finger of his outstretched hand and to the heel. And you measure it with a span - you stretch out your thumb and middle finger. And sometimes, you measure it with a bent span - this is when you bend your thumb and put it on the knuckle. You measure it and say: "Vitya's son has already grown big - five spans with a bend, that is, five and a half."

(Belgorod region)

When you unwrap the baby, you pull with your voice: "Pull-ears" - you start stroking your palm along his little body. "To grow up, ears" - you squeeze the little body like that, straighten it and again run it with your palm, stroke everything along it, you will clip it by the barrel, by the armpits, he tickles, he laughs.

And you smooth the legs so that they are straight:

I sip at the neck
Yes, I'm growing ears!
Stretch your legs.
Grow up, legs,
Yes, I'll run, ears -
Not crooked, but straight!

(Georgia, Dukhobors)

Here he is in the cradle stretching there, and you will stroke him on the breast like this. You stroke him and hum:

Potatoes,
Yes, pretty little
My darlings!
Grow, Vanya, big,
Don't be noodles!
When you grow up big
You will run and walk
Carry handles in the groove,
Give mom and dad gingerbread.

The grooves - before, the guys did not always have mittens, so in the cold there in the sinuses (armpits) they stuffed their hands, and ran. Here you hum it to him, stroking, rubbing on the tummy and legs. Him and it is good, it is pleasant.

(Arkhangelsk region)

You put the baby on the tummy, he bends his head up, babbles something there. Here you smooth his back, lightly rub his legs, say: "Grow big, be good, listen to your mother, be obedient!" He, small, coos, contented. You will turn it over on its back, it stretches, curls up with its arms, legs. You rub it just this way and that, he lay down in swaddling clothes, like a pole, you knead it, you speed up the blood, you say: “Stretch, baby, stretch! Grow up, grow up, grow up more:

Stir-fry,
Pretty little girls,
Along and across
Fatties!
Grasping handles
Walking legs,
In the mouth - talk,
And in the head - a mind! "

(Belgorod region)

Marya had a good son. She felt sorry for him and caressed him like that. Everything used to marvel at him, so he jokes him and sings such a song to him:

Pretty good!
Pretty good-looking!
Slender slender!
Dear relatives!

And he smiles, rejoices. When a mother loves her child very much, she will caress him, and love him, and call him darling.

(Smolensk region)

Caressing a child is a woman's business. Father is too busy. They say it is true: "It is warm in the sun, but good in the mother's presence." She always caresses her, pats her head, says: "Oh, you, my darling, my darling, little blue dove, red sun, grain of corn, my dear child!" And he calls him a pearl, and a berry, and a pretty, handy one. Kiss him, little baby, zatyushka.

Here they will say: "The mother will feed the child by the basket, the father will freeze at the bottom of the river." If there is no mother, the father does not take good care of the child. He is all at work, in worries. And a mother is a mother. She has a child in the house that is a pancake in honey: he is watered, and fed, and tidied up. I was so protective of my little one, I was so gentle, I’ll take it in my arms from the shake, I press it to my heart and caress it:

Lyubashechka,
Darling,
My dear,
Silver mine
Zolotinochka,
Dear little one!

Who cares for him if not his mother. And the little guy is upset there, you hide the prank: and you cry and hide, so that he doesn't get it from your father. It's a shame.

(Arkhangelsk region)

It happens that in a dream the little one sees something bad there, so he wakes up and cries. As soon as he cries out that you’re not doing it with him: you swing in the cradle, and drag in your arms, and caress. And all the more you calm down with words:

"Quiet, quiet, don't cry,
I will buy you a hooded!
Quietly, do not howl,
I'll give you a wash!

Well, the roar-cow ate the hay, roared again! " - and so you fumble with him until you shut up.

(Smolensk region)

When the baby cries, you say: “Don't cry, otherwise the gypsy will come, he will take you to him, and you will not have either mom or dad. Well, don't cry, listen:

To "kli-mo" kli,
Eyes are wet
Who will cry
A frog will croak!

Well, why are you crying, you don't let people sleep. There is a cat sitting on an oak tree and playing a trumpet. If you cry, the cat will grab you by the shank and drag you to the oak tree so that you will be silent and not shout. " You look, he calms down.

(Volgograd region)

I persuade: “Olenka, my daughter, don't cry. I will bake rolls and bake for you. You will eat good, soft rolls:

Don't cry, don't cry
I'll give you a roll!
Do not roar, do not roar -
I'll give all three!
Don't throw the seams, don't throw them -
Ladies with a hole!

And if you cry, I'll give you a thin bast shoe! Here is a clever girl, she stopped talking, stopped crying. And the eyes dried out like the sun shone. "

(Arkhangelsk region)

I sing when my little one cries, roars:

Roar cow
Give me some milk!
But do not give milk -
I'll hit you under the barrel!

And then, when you have to, when you take it from the cradle and take it in your arms, you console: “Well, well, Vanya, don't cry, I'll bake you a roll. Well, well, don't win, I'll bake you another one. Well, well, don't cry - I'll bake you three! If you understand Russian, don't shout! And then Buka is coming, he will put you in a sack and carry you away. Don't cry, you can't hide from Buka! " Well, you will console him, you will persuade him, he will calm down.

(Krasnodar region)

I look, the granddaughter is crying - the mother spanked. I calm down:

I, goat-dereza,
Thunderstorm for the whole world!
Who will beat Olya.
That will live badly!

She makes her ears with a hatchet, eyes zyrk-zyrk at me and becomes silent, does not cry anymore.

(Belgorod region)

They soothed him with a twig so that he would not cry. And Baba Yaga was frightened: “Don't roar! And then Baba Yaga - the old crone will come, carry you to the woods and bury you in the sand. And the bears will find, they will roar at you. The wild boars will come and carry it under the oak tree. If you lie under an oak tree, birds will fly in, you will not be given food. You will not grow and you will die in adversity! Well, shut up, don't cry! There is Grandma Yaga - her foot is standing outside the door, looking at you. Come on, Grandma Yaga, here! Alyoshka is not quieting! " And this Alyoshka is already listening, trying to figure something out, guessing something about himself, looking at the door. Well, and will shut up. You put him in the crib on the side, and he will fall asleep.

(Smolensk region)

In order not to cry, they scared. There were Buki-ti, Chilikuns - the children were afraid of them. On Ignatiev's day, Chilikuns in sharp hats came out of the hole, and then went to Epiphany. At that time, Christmas carols went around the village dressed up in carols. And with these they frightened the kids: “Look, the Chilikuns have come out! All the mischievous people and the roar are being dragged into the hole with them. " And in the bathhouse the Obdirikhs were afraid, under the regiment then everything was with a torch. The little one will cry, and to him: "Obderikha is under the shelf, she will bite by the heel, she will pick it up by the chub." In the same place, the black man is all in the bath, well, they were afraid.

(Arkhangelsk region)

So that the granddaughter is not mischievous, does not indulge, you frighten everything with a goat: "The horned goat walks, gores with horns, tramples with its legs, sweeps its tail!" And if she gets scared a lot, then you say: “Don’t butt, goat, Tanechka! And the goat butts and butts, and the man swears and swears. Stop, stop, goat, stop, my hornless! Don't butt the kids! The kids are still small ... "

(Belgorod region)

And when the little one, running and wise, shouts, and you have not done anything, you say: “Shut up! Otherwise, grandfather Babai will come with a sack and take it away. He will take him by the bush and will not let him back. " You walk with him, and there are horses, cows grazing. And he jabbed his finger: "Baba, to the scythe, to the scythe!" He wants to go up to the horse. And I told him:

Shoo, shoo, lump,
Don't go, Vanya, a meadow!
The horses will bury you,
The cows will gore
Little calves
They will carry away on horns!

He doesn’t ask.

(Arkhangelsk region)

When I take Katka, my granddaughter, out for a walk, and she becomes stubborn there and runs far away to play, then I tell her:

Oh you, my baby,
Don't go there alone!
There are mice sitting
The ermines are sitting.
You, granddaughter, will be eaten!

She will get scared, she will soon run to me and hide under her skirt. And when it turns around, gets bored, I tell her:

Ay tsugu, tsugu, tsugu,
Do not circle in the meadow.
There's a puddle in the meadow
My head will be dizzy.
You will fall into a puddle
And you will drown, you will be lost!

And she does not indulge, she calms down.

(Nizhny Novgorod Region)

Vanka is capricious, whining: "I have a bo-bo here." And me: "Well, let me fly you!" Well, you start. So, then he will lie down, stretch out and listen, and I wail to him: “The cat is in pain, the dog is in pain, and Vanechka’s heal! So that it does not burn, it does not hurt, it does not prick, it does not flog, it heals! Forever and ever!" And I blow on the sore spot and stroke. I won't go away while he stings.

(Georgia, Dukhobors)

If the child has some kind of pain, then whether he nailed his finger there, or fell and hurt himself, then you run your index finger around the sore spot - he took care of the district. Then you smooth it over the sore spot with your palm and, at the same time, sing three times:

Kiska has pain
The mouse has pain
The dog has pain
Have a pain relief.
And at Vovochka -
Never pain
Heal everything!

And everything will heal.

(Komi)

He will hurt himself, and I console him: “Oh, bo-bo! The wolf has pain, the hare has pain, the bear has pain, and Nikita's got better! Come, come, all the pains, for an open field, for a dark forest, there you will die and not be sick for a day! " Well, then you blow on the wound, stroke it, spit three times. And everything will recover, everything will fall off, it will not hurt.

(Arkhangelsk region)

Sleep and put your son to bed during the day. And when he wakes up, he moves away a little, lies in the cradle, you go up to him, swing and sing the funny song:

Little hummocks,
The little crests rode
On a gray dog!
Hooked on a pyanok
All the dyanyok stood by.
And in the evening they unhooked
And they drove back.

He will laugh, smile. Then you take him in your arms, hold him for a bit, scold him. Then you feed it, put it in a shake, and it lies. When he lies calmly, does not bother, you do something about the housework, you don’t sit around. You think: "Well, okay, let him lie down." And when he already starts groaning and puffing in the shake, then you drop everything, go up to him, take it out of the shake and amuse him.

(Volgograd region)

They will come to me and say: “Oh, Avdotya, hang out with the little boys. In the field you have to go, because there is no one to leave. Avdotya, take a chance, dear. " And I will not refuse: "Well, okay, I’ll get on with it." When you come, one guy is lying in the shake, another is sitting under the bench, the third is playing on the floor. So you amuse them:

Chebatukha, chebatukha,
Good woman,
I made a kulesha
Fried bacon.
I put it by the closet
And the cat grabbed it.

And why can't you tell them about this cat:

I am this cat
I bought boots
I combed my mustache
I sewed new panties.
Just how to put them on -
The ponytail has nowhere to go.

You hang out with them all day. And I didn't take money for that. The owners will bake something, cook it up and treat you with something tasty. Who will bring some food. They say this: "The child loves the pitching, the pestle sop, the child loves the horn, and the pestle pies."

(Belgorod region)

The child wakes up and whimpers in a rolling. Here you come up and swing the pitching forcefully across from yourself: “Goida-goydosha, ate the filly and the mule! Goyda-goydosha, ate a filly and a horse! "

Or you can add it like this:

Goida goydosha,
Where there is a filly, there is a losha!
They galloped to the water
Overeat the swans!

We must take it from the pitch. I will unroll and rest from the nappies on the pillow on the bed. He will straighten his arms, legs, so freely to him. This is when walking with a child - amused.

Katka wakes up and roars. I go to her. We must put on, take from the crib. And I say: “I’m going, I’ll wake up Katka. Get up as soon as possible, put your feet on, and go down the hill. Girl, don't be lazy, move quickly. " I dress, and I knead it myself:

The grandmother threw paint,
Grandfather painted portraits,
The pig played music
The male was dancing a polka.

I'll take her from the crib and dance with her in my arms:

From birth, children are introduced to pestushki, songs, jokes. What is hidden behind the mysterious concept of "nurturing" a baby?

Emotional communication- one of the leading lines of development of a small child, starting from the first months of his life. Affectionate mother's touch, her voice, singing, loving eyes, the first games in combination with a poetic word - all this is called a capacious word - folklore. Folk pedagogy includes small genres of poetic creativity for children: pestushki, nursery rhymes, jokes, sayings, which formed the basis of maternal pedagogy, tested for centuries. One can only marvel at the folk genius who managed to express in a poetic word the great power of maternal love.

Folk pedagogy has developed its own traditional folklore genres.

A simple rhyme, repeated sound combinations and words, exclamations and emotional appeals involuntarily make the baby listen, freeze for a moment, peering into the face of the speaker. The unique originality of folklore is especially valuable for activating a child in a period when he has not yet formed voluntary actions, attention, and reaction to words.

Pestushki- from the word "nurture" - in the old days it meant to nurse a small child, take care of him. Now it is more often used in a figurative sense - carefully, lovingly to grow, educate.

Piggies include play interaction with a child, when an adult performs movements for him, playing with his arms and legs. The infant may still be inaccessible to such movements as body turns, he cannot purposefully act with his hands, he does not know how to sit down, crawl, stand at the support on his own - all this will come to him during the first year of life. It was during this period that the mother fosters the baby: she plays with her hands, strokes the baby on the tummy, makes “stompers” with his legs. The mother caresses the awakened baby, touching it with light massage movements, gently says:

Siphon,

Porastunyushki,

Across the fat girl

And in the legs - walkers,

And in the hands - grabbing,

And in the mouth - talk,

And in the head - a mind.

Stir-fry!

Pretty little girls!

Across the fatty

Hands are gross.

Legs are runners.

All words are combined with actions, which gives the child a lot of pleasure. If, at the same time, the mother still emotionally sings with the baby the words of nursery rhymes, songs, then there is no end to the outburst of emotions.

I mix, mix the dough,

There is a place in the oven

I bake, bake a loaf!

For the little head - go ahead, go ahead!

The child establishes close contact with an adult, and most importantly, the desire to repeat those movements that he cannot yet perform on his own.

Subsequent repetitions will help the kid remember the movements and perform on their own, so with the help of folklore they taught kids.

The child will never forget how dad rocked him on his leg and hummed:

Let's go, let's go

With nuts, with nuts!

Galloped, galloped

With rolls, with rolls!

Skipping, skipping,

Over the bumps, over the bumps.

Into the hole - boo!

Some games prepared the child for walking. Grandfather took a stool, took the baby and said:

Toki-Toki-tooshka,

Forge, forge legs.

Antoshka's legs

Driving along the path

The path is crooked

No end, no end.

Ta-ta-ta, ta-ta-ta,

A cat married a cat.

The cat walks on the bench

Leads the cat by the paws.

Tops-tops on the bench,

Ds-ds for paws.

Big feet

We walked along the road:

Top-top-top,

Top-top-top.

Little feet

We ran along the path:

Top-top-top, top-top-top!

Other games developed the baby's speech:

- Okay-okay,

Where were you?

- At Annushka's.

- What did you eat?

- Pancakes.

- Where are the pancakes?

- Ate ...

No pancakes!

Nursery rhymes taught actions:

- Okay, okay!

Where were you?

- By Grandma.

- What did you eat?

- What did you drink?

- Sour milk.

- Yummy yogurt,

Kashka sweet,

Nice grandmother!

Drank, ate, shu-u-u:

We flew home

They sat on the head,

Ladies began to sing.

Pussy, pussy, pussy, scatter!

Don't sit on the path:

Our doll will go

Will fall through the pussy!

Get out of the way, cat!

Doll Tanechka is coming,

Will never fall!

For children of the beginning of the second year of life, nursery rhymes are selected that help with feeding, preparing for bed, washing. It is very important if adults know the folklore word and can emotionally convey the words of the nursery rhyme.

Vodichka-vodichka,

Wash our face

To make your eyes shine

To make your cheeks turn red

So that the mouth laughs,

To bite a tooth.

The water is flowing

The child is quick-witted.

Water off a duck

With a child of thinness!

Water down,

And the child up!

Dressing your child for a walk, you can distract him with the words:

Our Masha is small

She is wearing an alenka fur coat,

The edge is beaver.

Our Masha Chernobrova.

While combing the girl's hair, they said:

I'll braid my braid

I'll braid the hair.

I weave, weave, weave

I condemn:

You grow, grow, scythe,

The whole city is beautiful!

Nursery rhymes can be used by rubbing or massaging.

Little three-three

Grandma baked cheesecakes,

Cheesecakes, buns.

Stroking hands, you can say:

Palm-elbow,

Elbow-palm,

Be healthy, baby! (The girl is sentenced.)

Grow strong, son! (The boy is sentenced.)

There is such an endless fairy tale about an owl, in front of which children are told: "Listen and don't interrupt!":

An owl was flying -

Cheerful head.

So she flew, flew,

She sat down on a birch tree,

Turned her tail

I looked around,

I sang a song

And flew again.

So she flew, flew,

She sat down on a birch tree,

Turned her tail

I looked around,

I sang a song

It is more fun to eat from a spoon if, while eating, an adult hums or says:

Ay, cradles, cradles,

Gulenki arrived.

The ghouls began to say:

"What should (name) feed?"

One said: "Kashkoyu!"

Another: "Curdled milk!"

Well, the third: "With milk

And a ruddy pie! "

From hiccups they tell a joke:

Hiccups, hiccups,

Go to Fedot,

From Fedot - to Yakov,

From Jacob to everyone.

(Sometimes they add: "And from all you go, hiccups, to the green swamp.")

If the baby is crying, you can tell:

Don't you cry, don't cry, don't cry

I'll buy you a roll.

If you cry -

Buy thin bast shoes!

More than one century has passed since these nursery rhymes appeared, but they still have not lost their relevance. And today children expect attention, care, love from loved ones, expressed not only in actions, but also in a kind word.

It is important not only to love the baby, but also to be able to emotionally, vividly and beautifully express your feelings, and in this we are helped by the folk word - the unsurpassed "teacher": that is why adults need so much to master the techniques of folk art and, communicating with the baby, skillfully include them in everyday speech.

Kindergarten teachers use in practice this richest material of the "folk alphabet", make up memos for parents, for example, such as "Sing along with the baby, speak and do it."

13.08.2018

Many mothers, rocking the baby in their arms or playing with him, recall the rhymes and songs of their childhood - kind, perky little dogs and nursery rhymes that their mothers or grandmothers sang to them. This method of developing babies through the vernacular, woven into the game, has been honed and tested for centuries. But somehow in modern families it is replaced with newfangled methods of development and education. But in vain.

The word "pestushki" comes from the word "nurture", that is, to nurse, raise, love and care for. Russian traditions and customs of parenting include a rich and unique experience of nurturing babies.

Piggies sentence or sing to the baby in the first months of life, accompanying daily chores: changing clothes, bathing, playing, the very first movements.

Pestushki- these are small folklore works (rhymes, songs), in which two main features are distinguished:

Rhythmic, with a clear pronunciation of sounds and syllables and with an exaggerated stretching of vowel sounds, the speech of a mother or grandmother.
The actions of the mother - stroking the arms and legs of the baby, massage, rocking the baby - which give new tactile sensations to the baby.

There are no active actions of the child himself in pestushki. In them, the child only “accepts” what the mother “gives” him. Piggies include play interaction with a child, when an adult performs movements "for him", playing with his arms and legs. The infant may still be inaccessible to such movements as turning the body, he cannot purposefully act with his hands, he does not know how to sit down, crawl, stand at the support on his own - all this will come to him within 1 year of life. It was during this period that the mother nurtured the baby: she plays with her hands, strokes the baby on the tummy, makes “stompers” with his feet, and so on.

Nursery rhymes- Songs-sentences accompanying the game with fingers, pens, head, legs. The nursery rhyme differs from the nursery rhymes in that they are designed for the activity of the child himself, who performs independently playing movements, correlating them with the content of the nursery rhyme

What do the little nursery rhymes and nursery rhymes give to the baby?

Saying funny rhymed little pestushki or nursery rhymes, the mother sets up the whole body of the baby in a healthy way.

Not understanding the words addressed to him at first, the child very sensitively catches the affectionate intonation of the mother, her benevolent mood, which is immediately transmitted to him and causes a feeling of reliability, calmness, comfort.
A familiar and dear mother's voice contributes to the response of the baby, who listens attentively and memorizes the words of his native speech, tries to reproduce them, begins to walk and gag, his vocal cords are trained, and his hearing develops.
Piggies are always accompanied by gymnastics or massage, which help the baby to understand and feel his body, its capabilities, and also to feel the endless love of the mother through nurturing. Massage is a kind of communication, during which you need to "see" the whole baby - look into every fold of the skin, how to say: "And you are needed, and everything is fine here."
Nursery rhymes contribute to the development of the baby's motor activity, which is very closely related to their speech activity. The melodiousness, musicality of the poetic lines contributes to the fact that the baby himself begins to finish off individual sounds, words of the nursery rhyme. He likes the play on words that he notices in the piece. This leads to the fact that, imitating the speech of adults, children begin to play with words, sounds, sound combinations. Short, expressive and understandable lines of poetry are easily and quickly memorized by young children, replenishing their vocabulary.
The determining factor in telling nursery rhymes is the creation of speech and play communication between an adult and a child. At the same time, the narration of a poetic folklore work, reminiscent fun game, expands the horizons of the child, enriches his feelings and speech, forms an attitude towards the world around him. And most importantly, with the help of poetic folklore forms, the child finds himself in a melodic musical and poetic environment from birth.

How to nurture a baby

Emotionality of an adult contributes to the support of the child's emotional activity, the satisfaction of his emotional needs. The methods of emotional support include changes in the strength and pitch of the voice, a change in timbre, facial expressions, and gestures.

Mom caresses the awakened baby, touching with light massage movements, gently says:

Potyagunyushki, porastunyushki,

Across the fat girl

And in the legs - walkers

And in the hands - grabbing,

And in the mouth - talk,

And in the head - a mind.

Stir-fry!

Pretty little girls!

Across the fatty

Hands are gross.

Legs are runners.

To strengthen the muscles of the child's arm and develop his motor skills, an adult can slowly spread the baby's arms, imitating swimming movements and saying:

The lun is swimming

The harrier is swimming.

The so-called "tyutyushkanie" is aimed at strengthening the baby's back muscles.

Ay, tyushki - tyushki - tyushki!

Burdocks have grown.

Burdocks have grown -

All the meadows are overgrown.

When washing, you can say:

Vodichka-vodichka,

Wash our face

To make the eyes shine

To make your cheeks turn red

So that the mouth laughs,

To bite a tooth.

Bathing the baby, mom affectionately says:

The water is flowing

The child is quick-witted.

Water off a duck

With a child of thinness!

Water down,

And the child up!

If a child hits, he seeks protection, salvation from pain from his family and friends. The adult blows or strokes the sore spot, repeating:

The magpie has pain

The crow of pain

Heal with Olenka.

To cheer up the child, to cheer him up, an adult butts him with his fingers set like horns:

There is a horned goat

For the little guys

Legs top, top,

Horns clap, clap!

Who sucks a nipple

Doesn't drink milk -

Gore, gore!

"I'm mixing, I'm mixing the dough,

There is a place in the oven

I bake, bake a loaf!

For the little head - go ahead, go ahead! "—

what is happening causes an emotional "surge" in the child, the need to contact an adult, and most importantly, the desire to repeat those movements that he cannot yet perform on his own.

Exercises preparing for mastering walking are so useful for the child.

Toki-Toki-tooshka,

Forge, forge legs.

Antoshka's legs

Driving along the path

The path is crooked

No end, no end.

Pronouncing rhymed lines, the mother alternately slaps the baby lying on the back in the footsteps, which reflexively react to light touches. So an adult forms a sense of the rhythm of walking when stepping over one or the other leg.

Amusing for the child and little dogs, thanks to which he learns to do rhythmic clapping. An adult grabs the baby's arms and, bringing them closer, says:

"Okay, okay,

Where were you? - At Annushka's.

What did you eat? - Pancakes.

Where are the pancakes? - Ate ...

No pancakes! "

Game continues. An adult suggests going to Panichka:

Okay, okay,

Where were you? - At Panechka.

What did you eat? - Gingerbread!

Where are the gingerbreads?

Have eaten ...

No gingerbread!(The child's arms are spread apart).

Then the adult offers to "go" to Mikeshka to eat nuts, then to Troshka to eat potatoes, and then to Senechka for seeds (by analogy). It is important that while playing the child learns to fold his palms at the word "okay" and perform play movements with his hands in the rhythm of a song.

Muscle tone and quick opening of the palm are most easily developed by touching a round surface. To your own palm, to your head or to your mother's hand.

The game is called "Ladushki" because it improves the functioning of the child's body. And you probably already guessed what the word palm means.

Gradually, the little pestushki are replaced by nursery rhymes.

When a child begins to master walking, the following nursery rhymes come to the rescue:

Ta-ta-ta, ta-ta-ta,

A cat married a cat;

The cat walks on the bench

Leads the cat by the paws,

Tops-tops on the bench,

Ds-ds for paws.

Saying these verses, the mother holds the baby by the arms and, stepping back, gently leads him along. The rhythm of the verse also sets the rhythm of walking: "tops-tops", "tops-tops" coincide with the steps of a child who is stepping over.

The kid can be driven in another way: an adult holds him behind by the armpits and, with his legs wide apart, encourages him to step over his legs.

Big feet

We walked along the road:

Top-top-top,

Top-top-top.

Little feet

We ran along the path:

Top-top-top, top-top-top!

Let's go, let's go

With nuts, with nuts!

Galloped, galloped

With rolls, with rolls!

Skipping, skipping

Over bumps, over bumps -

Into the hole - boo!

An adult throws the child on his knees, and then pretends to lower him down (squeezes with his knees and puts him back on the "horse" ("sleigh", "cart", etc.).

Good road

Now something has become worse

Naughty, playin ',

On the bridge, under the bridge,

Thump into the hole!

Babies are also attracted by tossing on their feet, the so-called gusking. At the same time, the adult pronounces more energetic, quick nursery rhymes:

Chiki-chiki-chikalochki,

Vanya is riding on a stick,

And Dunya on a trolley

Nut clicks.

Chicky, chicky, chicky,

Birch stripes!

Two birds flew

Small by itself.

How they flew -

All the people looked

Where did they sit

All the people were amazed.

The desire of mothers and grandmothers to raise a child strong, healthy and well-fed gave rise to many sayings with the help of which they tried to feed the child, drink milk, treat him with a pie, pamper pancakes, jelly, etc.

Jelly came

I sat down on a bench

He ordered Olenka to eat.

A very short version is also possible:

Let's cook porridge,

We will feed Sasha.

In the bright little house

Lizusha has grown!

People love her

All her doves.

Option for a boy:

Who is our good one?

Who is good-looking?

Kolya is good,

Nice knee.

In this case, you can stroke the child on the head, hold by the handles or lead a round dance with him.

Acupuncture-based games

There are a lot of similar educational Slavic games with babies and those that affect energy meridians and biologically active points, smoothing, straightening and thereby improving the flow of energy in the child's body.

On the palms and feet there are projection points of all internal organs... And all these fairy tale games that many of us remember from childhood are nothing more than playful massage.

By the way, in modern world the basic elements of those playful actions became the main ones for professional baby massage.

And these games look very simple.

Magpie-white-sided

Circular movements with an adult finger on a child's palm in the game “ Magpie-white-sided cooked porridge, fed the children”Stimulate the baby's gastrointestinal tract.

The massage should start from the center of the palm. Then enlarge the circles - in a spiral to the outer contours of the palm: this is how you “fit” the large intestine (the text should be pronounced slowly, dividing the syllables). Finish “cooking porridge” with the word “feeding”, drawing a line from the unfolded spiral between the middle and ring fingers: here is the rectal line (by the way, regular massage between the pads of the middle and ring fingers on your own palm will relieve you of constipation).

Next - attention. It is not that simple. Describing the work of the "white-sided magpie" on the distribution of this very porridge to the children, you should not cheat, indicating with a light touch " I gave to this, I gave to this ..."Each" baby ", that is, each finger of your baby should be taken by the tip and slightly squeezed. First, the little finger: it is responsible for the work of the heart. Then an unnamed one - for a good job nervous system and the genital area. Massaging the middle finger pad stimulates the liver; index - stomach. Thumb (which “ I didn't give it, because I didn't cook porridge, I didn't chop wood - that's for you!”) It is not by chance that they leave it at last: it is responsible for the head, and the so-called“ lung meridian ”also comes out here.

Therefore, it is not enough to just slightly squeeze the thumb, but it is necessary to “beat” it properly in order to activate the activity of the brain and prevent respiratory diseases.

By the way, this game is absolutely not contraindicated for adults either. Only you yourself decide which finger needs the most effective massage.

Magpie-white-sided

Where have you been? - Long away!

I stoked the stove,

I cooked porridge,

She fed the children.

I rode on the threshold

I called the guests.

The guests heard

They promised to be.

Guests in the yard -

Gruel on the table.

I gave this one on a silver platter,(bend the little finger)

This one - on a platter,(bend the ring finger)

This - on a spoon,(bend the middle finger)

Scrapers for this.(bend the index)

But she didn't give this one!(touching the thumb)

You didn't carry water

I didn't chop wood,

I didn't cook porridge -

I won't give you anything!

Finger boy

Grasping the toddler's thumb in the area of the marigold, the adult asks: "Finger-boy, where have you been?" Then he touches each finger on the baby's palm and continues the story: “I went to the forest with this brother. I cooked cabbage soup with this brother. With this brother - I ate porridge. I sang songs with this brother. " Touching each finger, the adult raises both of the baby's hands up and turns them from side to side over his head and says:

- Finger-boy,

Where have you been?

- With this brother -

went to the forest.

With this brother -

I cooked cabbage soup.

With this brother -

I ate porridge.

With this brother -

He sang songs.

Some leg

Games with the child's feet are also useful, when they lightly tap on the foot or heel with their fingers, touch each finger - with such simple actions they improve blood circulation on the baby's foot. An adult “forges a leg”, saying:

Forge, forge a leg

I'll go to the track.

We need to shoe a horse,

To spend the night at home.

Forge, forge a leg

I'll go to the track.

Four miles away

The horseshoes were shot down.

Three wells

In the process of this game, there is an impact on the meridian of the lungs - from thumb on the arm up to the armpit. Starts with thumb stroking:

- Ivashka went for water and met his grandfather with a beard. He showed him the wells ...

- The water is cold here,— by clicking on this point, we activate the immune system.

Now slide your finger along the inner surface of the arm to the elbow bend, press on the bend.

- The water is warm here, - we regulate the work of the lungs.

- The water is hot here.

- And here is boiling water!- Tickle the little one under the arm. He will laugh - and that in itself is a good breathing exercise.

In wet autumn weather, such a game is very useful: both entertainment and prevention of colds.

And today children, just as at all times, expect attention, care, love from their loved ones, expressed in views, words and their intonations, in actions and play. You need to be able not only to love, but also to show your love. And this is taught in the best way possible by the traditions of our ancestors, on which more than one generation of glorious Russians grew up. That is why modern adults who want to return to their roots and not deprive their children of their ancestral memory, it is so important to master the techniques of folk art and, communicating with the baby, skillfully "weave" them into everyday speech.

From the first days of his life, the kid absorbs everything he sees and heard. Often, young mothers do not know how to talk to a baby who is unable to maintain a conversation. Our ancestors communicated with babies with the help of short rhymes, which were called pestushki. The name itself has a deep meaning: to nurture, nurse, get the opportunity to establish a mother-child connection. Communicating with the child during breastfeeding, changing diapers, waking up the baby, bathing, the mother transfers her love, tenderness and care to the child.
When the baby wakes up:

Pulls-pulls-pussies,
My daughter is pretty good.
You grow up healthy at all times,
Like a wheat dough.

Pulls-pulls-pussies,
On (child's name) pretty!
Grow up, daughter, healthy,
Like a garden apple tree!
On the cat there are fries,
For the child of the little girl,
And in the hands of the snatch,
And in the mouth a talker
And in the head a mind!

Potty, potty,
Across the fatty!
A in a footed walker,
And in the hands of the snatch,
And in the mouth of the talk,
And in the head of the mind.

Petyagunyushki, poyagunyushki.
The mouth of the talker,
Grabbing hands
Walker legs.

If the child cries:

Don't cry, don't cry baby
A squirrel will gallop to you
Will bring nuts
For (baby's name) nursery rhyme.
If you cry
Let's give a thin bast shoe.

To pet a baby:

Oh you my girl
Golden squirrel
Sweet candy
Lilac twig.

Oh you, my son,
Wheat spikelet,
Azure flower,
Lilac bush.

When a child walks:

Ah, sings, sings
Nightingale!
Ah, sings, sings
Young,
Pretty,
Nice one!

To soothe pain:
The fox has pain
The bear has pain
And Petenkin's pain
Go beyond the mountains.

From my Olya
Go away, pains
And Olya's pain
Go beyond the mountains.

From my (child's name)
Go away, pains
On an open field
To the blue sea
To the dark forest;
On viburnum, on raspberries,
To the bitter mother aspen -
There they die
The last day to be sick.

When the baby starts to get up, and then takes the first steps:

Dybyki, dybyki, dybyki,
Stand upright, stand upright!

Ah, on end, on end, on end,
Soon (child's name) is one year old!

Ah, on end, on end, on end,
Our (child's name) scarf -
A flower all over your head!

- Legs, legs,
Where are you running to?
- Into the woods by midges -
To shrink the hut,
In order not to live coldly.

Dybok-reek,
Soon (child's name) is a year old,
Grow from an oak tree -
Get out the ceiling
Grow and taller -
You can reach the roof.
Here's how to grow
So that everyone could see!

And rears, rears, rears,
My grandfather walked for mushrooms,
I walked on nuts -
Vanyusha for a nursery rhyme.

And frets, frets, frets,
Gardens not planted.
And my Vassenka will go,
He will plant and water.
Top, top, top ...

Gop, gop, ghoul, gop,
They sat down on Masha's forehead.
Wings clap, clap!
Masha leg top, top!

When a child has a scratch or bruise:

The cat is in pain
The dog has pain
The horse of pain
And (child's name) has no pain.

The fox has pain
The wolf has pain
(Child's name) pain
Fly away to the birch tree in the forest.

The bee is sick
The swallow has ailments,
A (child's name) ailment
Go beyond the sea!

Ay, don't cry, don't cry
I'll buy you a roll.
If you cry -
Buy thin bast shoes!

Son, don't cry -
I'll bake a roll!
Son, don't howl -
I'll bake another!
Son don't cry -
I'll bake all three!

Cry, cry, don't cry,
The cat is carrying a kalach.
Not far away on the bridge -
Carries a roll on a tail.

When bathing a child:

From a goose - water
From a swan - water,
And with (child's name) - thinness.

Water from a goose,
Water from the swan
From my child
All thinness -
To an empty forest
To the big water,
Under a rotten deck!

Water from gogol,
C child thinness.
Water from the golikha,
Baby a dream and a burden,
Good health!

The water is flowing
The child is growing fast
Water off a duck -
With you thinness.
Water downwards -
And the child is up.

Shifting the child's head from hand to hand:

I mix, mix the dough,
There is a place in the oven.
I bake, bake a loaf -
Pour, pour!

Spreading the child's arms to the sides:

Pull the canvases -
For a piece.
On the shirt.
Pull-sip
Put it across.

Pull the canvases
Sip!
In a box
Apply!
This is mom's canvas
This is pull the canvas,
A (child's name) canvas
With a mouse tail!

Tayushki-tatyushki,
On the birdie mountain
Vanyushka was there,
I caught the birdie.

Holding the baby on your lap:

I pull, pull, fish,
I put it in my apron.
And one ruff
I put it in a pot -
Cook yushka,
(Baby's name) feed!

I pull-pull
I catch fish.
I put it in my wallet
I'm bringing home:
Bee-eaters and heaps,
Carpenters and polichki.
One ruff
And the one in the pot.
I'll brew some cabbage
(baby's name) will feed.

Tyushki tyuushki,
All darlings are cheerful.
I will raise Frolka
On a steep hill.
Boo! Rolled
Fell off the hill!

Titus rode in a droshky
On a flat path
Over bumps, over bumps -
Boo!

We rode, rode
To the city for nuts
Over bumps, over bumps
Yes, into the hole - boo!
Crushed forty flies!

Over bumps, over bumps,
By little stumps
Into the hole - boo!
The cock has failed!

I am a red fox
I am a runner-up craftswoman.
I ran through the forest
I was catching up with the bunny
And into the hole - boo!

Giving a child a massage:

Babay walked along the wall,
Carried a bag on his back.
What's in the bag is for me!
What's in the trough, Nikita!

How do we have a crane!
How young we are
I sat on a policy,
Woven pads:
Both myself and my wife,
Children on sandals,
And the girls
In stockings.

Babay walked along the wall,
Carrying bast shoes in my purse:
All the kids on sandals,
Both myself and my wife.
Ku-ka-re-ku, cockerel!
There is a peasant on the fields.
He weaves bast shoes:
And weaves to itself,
And weaves to his wife,
For kids -
For sandwiches!

Sitting down to dinner:

- Whose nose?
- Danilov nose
- Where are you going?
- To Kiev.
- What are you carrying?
- Rye.
- What will you take?
- A penny.
- What will you buy?
- Kalach yes damn it.
- Who will you eat with?
- One.
- Don't eat, don't eat alone!

Playing okay:

Okay-frets,
The gardens have not been watered,
Lack of time to water:
We have to play nice.

Ay, bale, bale, bale,
Grandfather caught pikes.
Baba baked a fish,
The pan leaked.

Chiki-chiki-chikalochki,
A bunny is sitting on a stick
Squirrel on a cart
Cracking nuts
Go bunny, don't ask
Itself nuts natrusi.

Okay, okay,
Pancakes were baked.
They put on the window,
Left to cool.
Cool down - let's eat
And we will give it to the sparrows.
The sparrows sat down
We ate all the pancakes.
Shoot, shove - let's fly!
They sat on the head!

- Okay, okay!
Where were you?
- By Grandma.
- What did you eat?
- Koshka.
- What did you drink?
- Mint.
Kashka sweet,
The little mug is drunk,
Grandma is kind.
Drank, ate,
Shu-u-u - flew,
They sat on the head,
Lalushki began to sing.

"Horned goat"

There is a horned goat,
Goat is walking:
Legs - top, top!
Eyes - clap, clap!
Who does not eat porridge,
Who does not drink milk,
That gores, gores.

"Magpie"

Forty, forty,
Magpie-white-sided
I cooked porridge,
I rode on the threshold
I called the guests.
There were no guests
We didn't eat porridge -
I gave everything to my children.

This one - on a silver platter,
This one - on a platter,
This - on a spoon,
This one - scrapers.

And this - there is nothing:
And you, little, little,
I did not go for water,
I didn't carry firewood,
I didn't cook porridge.

Going through the baby's polishes:

Chop wood (large),
And you carry water (index),
And you heat the stove (nameless),
And to the baby to sing songs (little finger).
Sing and dance songs
To amuse siblings,
Sing and dance songs
To amuse siblings.

Curling fingers:

- Finger-boy,
Where have you been?
- With this brother
I cooked cabbage soup,
With this brother
He sang songs.

One, two, three, four, five!
Get out your fingers for a walk!
Found this finger a mushroom (bend the little finger)
This finger cleans the table (bend the ring finger)
This cut (bend the middle finger)
This one ate (bend the index finger)
Well, this one was just looking (bend the thumb)!

Ivan the Bolshak - to chop wood,
Vaska-pointer - carry water.
To the middle bear - to heat the stove.
Orphan Trish - to cook porridge.
And little Timoshka - to sing songs,
Songs to sing and dance
To amuse siblings.

Four brothers are walking
Towards the elder.
- Hello, highway! - they say.
- Great, Vaska-pointer,
Teddy bear,
Grishka the orphan
Yes, little Timoshka.

When a child learns to walk:

Three-ta-ta, three-ta-ta!
A cat married a cat.
The cat walks on the bench
And the cat on the back,
Catches the cat by the paws:
- Oh you, cat-cat,
Cool little!
Play you, cat, with me,
With Masha, a young cat!

Big feet
We walked along the road:
Top, top, top,
Top, top, top
Little feet
We ran along the path:
Top, top, top, top, top,
Top, top, top, top, top!

Three-ta-ta, three-ta-ta,
A cat married a cat:
The cat walks on the bench
Leads the cat by the paws,
Tops, tops, on the bench,
Daughters, daughters, for the paws!

Katya, Katya is small
Katya is remote,
Walk down the path
Stomp, Katya, with a little foot!

Tossing the child up to the ceiling:
Teshki-aunts,
Oat cakes,
Wheat pie
Meshon on the opaque,
He ascended high.
Gop! gop! gop!

Trushki, trushki,
Baba baked fresh food.
All for fresh food,
And two for Vanya!

Carcasses-tutu,
Fresh food on the table
And in the oven there are cheesecakes.
Unleavened bread, cheesecakes -
To our Andryushka!

From birth, children are introduced to pestushki, songs, jokes. What is hidden behind the mysterious concept of "nurturing" a baby?

Folk pedagogy has developed its own traditional folklore genres.

From the word "nurture" - in the old days it meant to nurse a small child, take care of him. Now it is more often used in a figurative sense - carefully, lovingly to grow, educate.

Siphon,

Porastunyushki,

Across the fat girl

And in the legs - walkers,

And in the hands - grabbing,

And in the mouth - talk,

And in the head - a mind.

Stir-fry!

Pretty little girls!

Across the fatty

Hands are gross.

Legs are runners.

I mix, mix the dough,

There is a place in the oven

I bake, bake a loaf!

For the little head - go ahead, go ahead!

The child establishes close contact with an adult, and most importantly, the desire to repeat those movements that he cannot yet perform on his own.

Subsequent repetitions will help the kid remember the movements and perform on their own, so with the help of folklore they taught kids.

The child will never forget how dad rocked him on his leg and hummed:

Let's go, let's go

With nuts, with nuts!

Galloped, galloped

With rolls, with rolls!

Skipping, skipping,

Over the bumps, over the bumps.

Into the hole - boo!

Some games prepared the child for walking. Grandfather took a stool, took the baby and said:

Toki-Toki-tooshka,

Forge, forge legs.

Antoshka's legs

Driving along the path

The path is crooked

No end, no end.

Ta-ta-ta, ta-ta-ta,

A cat married a cat.

The cat walks on the bench

Leads the cat by the paws.

Tops-tops on the bench,

Ds-ds for paws.

Big feet

We walked along the road:

Top-top-top,

Top-top-top.

Little feet

We ran along the path:

Top-top-top, top-top-top!

Other games developed the baby's speech:

Okay, okay,

Where were you?

At Annushka's.

What did you eat?

Pancakes.

Where are the pancakes?

No pancakes!

Nursery rhymes taught actions:

Okay, okay!

Where were you?

By Grandma.

What did you eat?

What did you drink?

Sour milk.

Yummy yummy

Kashka sweet,

Nice grandmother!

Drank, ate, shu-u-u:

We flew home

They sat on the head,

Ladies began to sing.

Pussy, pussy, pussy, scatter!

Don't sit on the path:

Our doll will go

Will fall through the pussy!

Get out of the way, cat!

Doll Tanechka is coming,

Will never fall!

Vodichka-vodichka,

Wash our face

To make your eyes shine

To make your cheeks turn red

So that the mouth laughs,

To bite a tooth.

The water is flowing

The child is quick-witted.

Water off a duck

With a child of thinness!

Water down,

And the child up!

Dressing your child for a walk, you can distract him with the words:

Our Masha is small

She is wearing an alenka fur coat,

The edge is beaver.

Our Masha Chernobrova.

While combing the girl's hair, they said:

I'll braid my braid

I'll braid the hair.

I weave, weave, weave

I condemn:

You grow, grow, scythe,

The whole city is beautiful!

Nursery rhymes can be used by rubbing or massaging.

Little three-three

Grandma baked cheesecakes,

Cheesecakes, buns.

Stroking hands, you can say:

Palm-elbow,

Elbow-palm,

Be healthy, baby! (The girl is sentenced.)

Grow strong, son! (The boy is sentenced.)

There is such an endless fairy tale about an owl, in front of which children are told: "Listen and don't interrupt!":

An owl was flying -

Cheerful head.

So she flew, flew,

She sat down on a birch tree,

Turned her tail

I looked around,

I sang a song

And flew again.

So she flew, flew,

She sat down on a birch tree,

Turned her tail

I looked around,

I sang a song

It is more fun to eat from a spoon if, while eating, an adult hums or says:

Ay, cradles, cradles,

Gulenki arrived.

The ghouls began to say:

"What should (name) feed?"

One said: "Kashkoyu!"

Another: "Curdled milk!"

Well, the third: "With milk

And a ruddy pie! "

From hiccups they tell a joke:

Hiccups, hiccups,

Go to Fedot,

From Fedot - to Yakov,

From Jacob to everyone.

(Sometimes they add: "And from all you go, hiccups, to the green swamp.")

If the baby is crying, you can tell:

Don't you cry, don't cry, don't cry

I'll buy you a roll.

If you cry -

Buy thin bast shoes!

Folklore and traditions of the Russian people are rich and priceless, because for all their existence, mothers, grandmothers, nannies have invented a huge number of nursery rhymes, songs and little pestushki. Thanks to this, the current mother should not fantasize and come up with something new, everything has been invented a long time ago. More than one century has passed since these nursery rhymes appeared, but they still have not lost their relevance. And today children expect attention, care, love from loved ones, expressed not only in actions, but also in a kind word.

Waking up in the morning, the baby begins to demand attention to himself. At the same time, the child begins to cry, you can lull and calm him down with the help of some morning pestushki, nursery rhyme. To do this, you can take the baby in your arms and, shaking him, sing nursery rhymes to the beat, not a single baby will resist and will soon calm down. These are such interesting and funny nursery rhymes for small children, it is worth using every day, when communicating with a baby.

Along with nursery rhymes, pestushki are considered no less popular and widespread. Pestushki are the same nursery rhymes, the only thing they differ is that when humming funny lulling songs, you should massage the child's body with the help of certain movements. Our ancestors left us such interesting knowledge as nursery rhymes. Do not neglect them, and certainly not use them.

Kindergarten teachers use in practice this richest material of the "folk alphabet", make up memos for parents, for example, such as "Sing along with the baby, speak and do it."