How to adopt a child from an orphanage? Adoption of children in Russia: how to take a child from an orphanage Foster family how to arrange

VII Interregional Conference "Interaction: children, parents, specialists, society"
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Introduction: guardianship or foster family

With the varieties of forms of family arrangement in Russian legislation, everything is much simpler than it seems. And it seems that everything is complicated, for us mainly because we are confused by the media. All children who have found parents indiscriminately are called by incompetent journalists "adopted", and all families who have taken such children into upbringing are called "adopted". Whereas in reality, adoptive parents do not adopt children, but take them under guardianship. But reporters have no time to understand such subtleties - so they form one stereotype after another.

By and large, there are only two types of family arrangement in Russia - adoption and guardianship. The legal relationship between adults and a child during adoption is regulated mainly by the Family Code of the Russian Federation, and in the case of guardianship (as well as guardianship and foster family) - by the Civil Code. Guardianship differs from guardianship by the age of the child (over 14 years old), and a foster family is a paid form of guardianship when the guardian receives remuneration for his work. In other words, the creation of a foster family is always based on the registration of custody or guardianship over a child. Therefore, for simplicity of perception, further the phrases "foster family" and "foster parent", as well as "guardianship" and "guardian" will be encountered only where it is impossible to do without them. In all other cases - "guardianship" and "guardian".

Despite the fact that the priority form of family placement in Russian Federation adoption is considered, today more and more citizens who want to take a child with a difficult fate into their family choose guardianship and its derivatives. Why? Based on the interests of the child. After all in the case of registration of guardianship, the child retains his orphan status, and, consequently, all benefits, payments and other benefits due from the state.

Choosing between adoption and custody, many parents put the material side of the issue at the forefront. In many regions, adoptive parents receive substantial lump sum payments... For example, residents of the Kaliningrad region can receive 615 thousand rubles for the purchase of residential premises on the basis of ownership adopted child... And in the Pskov region they give out 500 thousand rubles without any restrictions on their use. And not only to Pskov, but to adoptive parents from any region.

In addition, since 2013, when adopting sisters and brothers, or disabled children or adolescents over 10 years old, the state pays 100 thousand rubles to parents at a time. And if the adopted child is the second in the family, then the parents can also apply for maternal capital... All these payments are a good help for improvement. housing conditions families. But, as mentioned earlier, in the event of adoption, an orphan becomes an ordinary Russian child, losing all the "orphan capital", including their own housing.

On the other hand, for a child, especially an older child, it is extremely important to realize that he is not a “foster child”, but an adopted child - that is, he has become a family member not only in the hearts of loved ones, but also documented. However, quite often it is simply impossible to prefer adoption: if there are restrictions on the forms of family arrangement. So, if the biological parents of the baby are not deprived parental rights, but only limited in them, then only two forms of arrangement will be possible for the child: guardianship (guardianship) or a foster family.

Choosing between paid and unpaid care, many wealthy families choose the second option - they say, why should we receive remuneration for raising a child, we will raise him for free. Meanwhile, these small (3-5 thousand rubles per month, depending on the region) money can be used to create the child's own savings - after all, no one bothers to open a replenishment deposit in the name of his ward, and form a decent amount by his age: for a wedding , study, the first car, etc.

Custody or foster family? The choice always remains with those adults who make a responsible decision to accept a child with a difficult fate into their family. The main thing is that this choice should be made in the name of the child and in defense of his interests.

Who can become a guardian and what is PDS

The question in the title of this section could be answered briefly: "any adult capable citizen of the Russian Federation." If not for some "except".

So, before collecting documents for registration of custody, make sure that you do not:

1) have been deprived of parental rights.

2) were limited in parental rights.

3) were removed from the duties of a guardian (curator).

4) were an adoptive parent and the adoption was canceled through your fault.

5) you have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for grave or especially grave crimes.

6) * have or have had a criminal record, or are or have been subjected to criminal prosecution for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of the person (except for illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, slander and insult), sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual, as well as for crimes against family and minors, public health and public morals and public safety (* - this item can be ignored if criminal prosecution was terminated on exonerating grounds).

7) are married to a person of the same sex, registered in any state where such marriage is permitted, or not married to a person of the opposite sex, being a citizen of that state.

8) have chronic alcoholism or drug addiction

9) cannot exercise parental rights for health reasons **.

10) live together with persons suffering from diseases that pose a danger to others ***.

** - the lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2
*** - lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2

Another important point without a particle of "not": a citizen applying for the high title of guardian must undergo psychological, pedagogical and legal training - to have a certificate from the School of Foster Parents (PPS).

What does the training in PDS give in addition to the coveted certificate? Foster parent schools set themselves many tasks, the first of which is to help candidates for guardians in determining their readiness to adopt a child, in realizing the real problems and difficulties that they will have to face in the process of raising a child. In addition, IDS identifies and forms in citizens the educational and parenting skills necessary, including for protecting the rights and health of the child, creating a safe environment for him, successful socialization, education and development of the child.

However, you will not be obliged to undergo training in the PDS if you (in accordance with Article 146 Family Code RF):

You are or have been an adoptive parent and the adoption has not been canceled.

You are or have been a guardian (trustee), and have not been removed from the performance of the duties assigned to you

A close relative of the child ****.

**** - read about the benefits of close relatives in Appendix 3

Studying at the School of Foster Parents - free... The guardianship and trusteeship authorities of your region should take care of this, they will also issue a referral to the PDS. In the process of passing the program, which, by the way, must be approved by the Ministry of Education and Science, you may be offered to undergo a psychological examination - pay attention - with your consent... The results of this survey are advisory in nature and are taken into account when appointing a guardian, along with:

The moral and other personal qualities of the guardian;

The ability of the guardian to carry out their duties;

The relationship between the guardian and the child;

The attitude of the family members of the guardian towards the child;

The attitude of the child himself to the prospect of upbringing in the family offered to him (if this is possible due to his age and intellect).

The child's desire to see a certain person as his guardian.

Relationship degree (aunt / nephews, grandmother / grandson, brother / sister, etc.), properties (daughter-in-law / mother-in-law), former properties (former stepmother / former stepson), etc.

Collecting documents

Are you sure that none of the exceptions or circumstances outlined in the previous chapter prevent you from becoming a guardian? Then it remained to prove this to the guardianship and guardianship authorities by providing them with information about yourself.

If you want to issue guardianship as soon as possible (and most of the host parents want this), then it is better not to wait until the guardianship and trusteeship specialists request information from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, medical and other organizations. Start to act on your own: collecting documents can be done in parallel with training in PDS. The necessary forms can be obtained from the guardianship and trusteeship specialists, or you can print it yourself.

There are not so many documents separating you from the conclusion of the guardianship and guardianship authority on the possibility of being a guardian. Another question is that some of the "pieces of paper" are given by tens of hours of queues in different institutions. Therefore, in order to save time and nerves, it is extremely important to understand which documents should be dealt with in the first place.

So, when collecting documents, it is advisable to adhere to the following order:

1. Medical report. This item requires the greatest number explanations. First, the medical examination of potential guardians is carried out is free... If any of the healthcare institutions in your city do not agree with this, you can safely refer to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 332 dated September 10, 1996. Secondly, the same order introduced the form №164 / u-96, on which you have to collect two dozen seals and stamps. In total, it provides the conclusions of eight specialist doctors - a narcologist, psychiatrist, dermatovenerologist, oncologist, neuropathologist, infectious disease specialist, therapist - plus the signature of the head physician of the polyclinic at the place of your registration. As a rule, all doctors meet halfway, and put their "not detected" as quickly as possible. At the same time, as in any bureaucracy, incidents are possible. So, in some cities, an appointment with a narcologist and a psychiatrist will not be allowed before passing fluorography. And without the stamps of these specialists, an infectious disease specialist will refuse to talk to you, whose test results have to wait up to two weeks. It is advisable to ask about all this those who have already undergone such a medical examination in your region. And to plan the "chain" that is optimal in terms of time and logic.

2. Help from the Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs(no criminal record, etc.). The police have the right to produce this document within a month, but, as a rule, they also work faster when a future guardian makes a request - especially if you have been registered in one subject of the Russian Federation all your life.

3. Certificate of income for 12 months... Much depends on the accountant at your place of work, and financiers, as you know, are wayward and focused people. They may also delay the issuance of a 2-NDFL statement if the quarterly report does not allow being distracted by such trifles. Therefore, it is better to request the document in advance. If you have no income (only one spouse works), then the personal income tax of the husband / wife will do. Or any other document confirming income (for example, a bank statement of account movements).

4.Document from utility companies - HOA / DEZ / UK - at the place of registration... A copy of a financial personal account or other document confirming the right to use the residential premises or the right of ownership to it.

5. Written consent of all adult family members to accept the child into the family(taking into account the opinion of children living with you who have reached the age of 10). Written in free form.

6. Autobiography... The usual resume will do: born, studied, career, awards and titles.

7. Copy of marriage certificate(if you are married).

8. Copy of pension certificate(SNILS).

9. Certificate of completion of training and (PDS).

10. Application requesting appointment as guardian.

In some regions of Russia, the entire package of documents can be sent via the Internet using the "Single portal of public services". But, of course, it is better to take the documents personally, taking your passport with you. And get acquainted with those specialists of the guardianship and trusteeship body who will later congratulate you on the addition to the family.

Please note: absolutely all documents, their copies and other information necessary for establishing guardianship are provided is free... The "shelf life" of the most important documents (points 2-4) is one year. The medical certificate is valid for six months.

We communicate with the guardianship and guardianship authorities

So, your package of documents is in the guardianship and guardianship authorities. But even if all the documents are perfect, in order to register you, the last document is missing, which the specialists will prepare themselves after a visit to your home. This visit must take place within 7 days after the submission of the main package of documents. We are talking about the act of examining the living conditions of a citizen who has expressed a desire to become a guardian.

In this act, the guardianship and trusteeship authority assesses "living conditions, personal qualities and motives of the applicant, his ability to raise a child, relations between family members." In practice, it looks like this: specialists come to visit you, and, inspecting the housing, ask additional questions and fill out their form, where they make the necessary notes. It makes no sense to curry favor with specialists or, conversely, get into a pose, irritated by the interference of strangers in private life. Just tell it as it is. If there are obvious shortcomings (for example, lack of space for activities, toys) - share your plans on how you are going to fix it. Truth is always the best choice.

It happens that the specialists of the guardianship authorities are not satisfied with the footage of the living space per child. Sometimes "crampedness" is imaginary: when the number of people registered in the apartment exceeds the number of citizens actually living. It is easy to prove this by providing additional documents confirming the residence of the "absent" at other addresses. If there are really few meters (the standards for the minimum living space in each region and municipality are different and tend to increase), but the conditions for the child are comfortable, then the guardianship and guardianship authority must proceed from the interests of the child. It will be useful to recall the December presidential decree "On some measures to implement state policy in the field of protecting orphans and children left without parental care." It talks about lowering the requirements for the standard of living space when placing children for upbringing in a family. If this does not help, the approved examination report can be challenged in court.

The survey report is drawn up within 3 days, after which it is approved by the authorities, and sent to you - within 3 more days. And only after that, the guardianship and trusteeship body connects the entire package of documents and issues an opinion on the possibility of a citizen to be a guardian. This can take up to 10 days. In case of a positive decision, this conclusion will become the basis for registration - an entry in the journal is made within 3 more days.

The conclusion on the possibility of being a guardian is a document valid for two whole years throughout the territory of Russia. With it, you can apply to any guardianship and guardianship authority or to any regional operator of the Federal Database with a request for the selection of a child. On the basis of the same conclusion, the guardianship and trusteeship body at the place of residence of the child will draw up an act on your appointment as a guardian.

We are looking for a child and arrange custody

We have repeatedly talked about how to find "your" baby (or not a baby at all). If you intend to take a child into your family in your region, you can search officially, through the regional operator of the Federal Database (FBD). But if you are ready to go for a child even across the whole country, and look for him everywhere at the same time, this option will not work, because you will not be able to apply to the second operator until the first one fulfills your request. In addition, the search using regional operators is designed in such a way that you need to select a number of parameters - the age of the child, the color of the eyes and hair, the presence of siblings, etc.

In practice, many happy and successful adoptive parents ended up taking into the family not the children they planned to find. Everything was decided by the visual image of the child - once seeing a video or photo, the parents could no longer think of anyone else, and completely forgot about the preferences that they had envisioned for themselves. Thus, children with "unpopular" colors of eyes and hair, with bouquets of diseases, along with brothers and sisters, went to families. After all, the heart does not understand the parameters of FBD.

You can not only see, but also hear the voice of your unborn child in the Change One Life video questionnaire database - the largest in Russia. In a short video you will see how the child plays, moves, what he can do and hear what he lives and what he dreams about.

After the child is found, you are obliged to get to know him and establish contact, and also have the right to familiarize himself with the documents from the child's personal file and examine the medical report on his state of health. To do this, you need to send an application to the appropriate regional operator and fill out a questionnaire. Within 10 days, you will be given information about the child. And if you are ready to go further - a referral for acquaintance.

Suppose everything ended well: you visited the child several times, perhaps even asked him for a short walk, and established the very "contact" that was mentioned in the direction. Then the most important thing remained: to issue an act on the appointment of a guardian.

This act is attention! - drawn up by the guardianship and trusteeship authority at the place of residence of the child... If boarding or Orphanage where the child is being brought up is far away, try to negotiate with the specialists so that they try to accept the application and draw up the act in one day - otherwise you will have to travel to a remote settlement twice.

If everything goes well, you will be invited to the guardianship and guardianship authority to obtain the act and certificate of the guardian, and the institution will prepare the child and his documents.

Preparing for a new life

So, we can congratulate you: you were given a certificate of guardian, and the child leaves the boarding school and goes to the family!

Together with the child, you will be given a couple of kilograms of documents from his personal file against signature *. Do not rush to put them in folders: at home you will have only a part of the documents: the student case (if any) will go to school, and the rest will go to the archive of the guardianship and trusteeship body at the place of your now residence(registration), where you still have to register.

* - a list of the child's documents can be found in Appendix 4

There you also write an application for payment to you lump sum(today it ranges from 12.4 to 17.5 thousand rubles - depending on the region) and, if you wish, a statement on the creation of a foster family. After you register, you have to perform a number of other actions - such as opening a current account in the name of the child (obtaining a Savings Book), temporary registration of the child at the place of your registration, applying for a tax deduction, etc. Specialists of the guardianship and guardianship authorities will tell you about all this. And they will also have to give you an order - permission to spend cash transferred monthly for the maintenance of the child.

If a child school age- it will also be necessary to enroll him in school (it is better to take care of this in advance), inclusion in the preferential lists for summer rest... If you plan to travel abroad, take care of obtaining a passport for a minor. If the child has savings, transfer them to a profitable replenishment deposit in a reliable bank.

There is a lot of trouble, but most of them are pleasant. After all, these are the first manifestations of caring for the child and protecting his interests by you, already as his legal representative.

We arrange a foster family

If you nevertheless decide to register a foster family, then for this you need to return to the specialists of the guardianship and trusteeship body, and draw up an appropriate agreement. The contract is concluded within 10 days from the date of your appointment as a guardian and must provide for:

1. information about the child or children placed in foster care (name, age, health status, physical and mental development);

2. the duration of the contract (ie the period for which the child is placed in a foster family);

3. conditions of maintenance, upbringing and education of a child or children;

4. the rights and obligations of adoptive parents;

5. the rights and obligations in relation to the adoptive parents of the guardianship and guardianship authority;

6. the grounds and consequences of the termination of such an agreement.

As soon as the agreement is signed, gratuitous guardianship turns into remunerated one. And now, not a certificate of a guardian, but an order to create a foster family will become the main document that says that you are the legal representative of the child.

At the office of the guardianship and trusteeship body, you will have to write another application - for the payment of a monthly fee. As a rule, it is equal to the size of the minimum wage in the region. If specified in the contract, then you may also be paid remuneration from the income from the child's property, but not more than 5% of the income for the reporting period during which the foster parent managed this property.

The contract can be concluded both for one child and for several children. Please note - if the registration at the child's place of residence is changed, the contract is terminated and a new one is concluded.

In preparing the material, the data of the manual "Social and legal foundations for the placement of children without parental care in family forms of upbringing" were used (Family G.V., Golovan A.I., Zueva N.L., Zaitseva N.G.), prepared with the assistance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Center for the Development of Social Projects, and taking into accountfederal legislation as ofon October 1, 2013.

Surely many citizens of our country are thinking about the question of what is better to choose - the status of a foster family, or else?

If our citizens know about guardianship almost everything, then practically nothing about the foster family.

For this reason, we will consider this status in more detail. How to issue it? Who can become a foster family and so on.

Foster family concept. What legislative acts is it regulated by?

The definition of "foster family" means citizens who are registered in formal marriage or lonely persons who have expressed their desire and at the same time are ready to take responsibility in the upbringing of minor children or the elderly.

It is also worth noting that minor child, who is transferred to custody, from the point of view of the current legislation of the Russian Federation, is called an adopted child.

If we talk about the legislation itself, then the issue of forming a foster family is regulated by the following legislative acts, as:

The Family Code of the Russian Federation, in particular, Article 152, which describes clear regulations for the implementation of the “foster family” program;
The Family Code of the Russian Federation, in particular, Article 153, which provides for the possibility of terminating an agreement on a foster family;
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, which provides conditions for obtaining the status of a foster family.

This the legislative framework is key in this matter. In fact, there are quite a few legislative norms on the issue of foster families on the territory of the Russian Federation, but they only supplement these main bills.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the foster family is formed on the basis of the signing of an agreement between the future parents and the guardianship and guardianship authorities.

Distinctive features from guardianship

Many citizens of our country believe that there is no difference between a foster family and guardianship. But is it really so? Let's try to figure it out in the difference table.

Foster family	Guardianship
Requirements for a foster family are loyal	Strict selection conditions
Complex documentary process that requires the signing of an agreement	You just need to present the required package of documents and that's it
Guaranteed benefits	Vague wording in the legislation on the possibility of receiving benefits
The guardian is allowed to meet with his family and friends	Guardianship and guardianship authorities may not allow visits with their biological relatives

As you can see, as such, there is no significant difference in these two forms of the device, and they differ little from each other. In fact, we can say that the issue is only in legal documenting that's all.

Terms of appointment

The current legislation gives a clear answer to the question of who can be a foster family.

In particular, foster family can act:

Besides, mandatory conditions it is considered:

availability of an official place of work;
the absence of any restrictions due to medical diseases.

Registration procedure

It is necessary to understand that you can become a foster family for both minor children and senior citizens of our country.

For this reason, we will consider the procedure for registering a foster family for each category separately.

For a minor child

First of all, you need to remember the fact that in order to become a foster family you need apply to the guardianship and guardianship authorities at the place of their residence.

Algorithm of registration a foster family for a minor child is as follows:

For an elderly person

If we talk about the process of forming a foster family for an elderly person, then algorithm is as follows:

From this algorithm, we can confidently say that the process of forming a foster family is completely the same as for a minor child.

List of required documents for registration

As mentioned earlier, applicants for the status of a foster family must write in the presence of the guardianship and guardianship authorities the appropriate statement.

But besides this document, need to provide and others, the main of which are considered to be:

from the last place of work;
a certificate from the personnel department about the availability of official employment;
, which indicates the composition of the family;
a document that confirms the foster family's ownership of an apartment or house;
a certificate from law enforcement agencies that each member of the foster family has no criminal record;
original marriage registration certificate, if any;
autobiography (written for each member of the foster family);
written consent of each family member to obtain this status;
copies of foster family passports.

Agreement conditions

The main conditions are clearly spelled out in article 152 of the Family Code Russian Federation.

In particular, in the contract must be indicated:

conditions of detention, upbringing and education (if we are talking about minor children);
directly the rights and obligations of the foster family;
what responsibilities are imposed on the guardianship and guardianship authorities in relation to the foster family itself;
the period of validity of the foster family agreement;
on what grounds and what consequences may be in case of early termination of this agreement.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that this list is not final and the guardianship and guardianship authorities have the right to supplement it with their own specific points.

If we talk about the responsibilities of the foster family themselves, then they are spelled out in article number 137 of the Family Code RF.

In particular, we are talking about such responsibilities, as:

In fact, foster parents must comply with all rights and obligations prescribed in the contract in full, otherwise, the contract may be terminated.

How does the escort work?

Accompanying the foster family is carried out as follows: for the foster family a certain social worker is assigned.

In turn, the social worker:

provide all the necessary assistance that members of the foster family may ask for;
carries out in the first years of the validity of the contract visits with a check on the subject of living conditions and treatment of his ward
assists in organizing the spending of the guardian's free time. This can be help with purchasing tickets for a concert or theater, and so on.

It is also worth noting that once every six months, the foster family undergoes so-called courses that improve their understanding of providing the necessary assistance to their caregivers and their adaptation in society.

In the event that a social worker discovers the fact of any illegal actions of the foster family in relation to his ward, he has the right to initiate the termination of the current contract, and in this case, criminal or administrative liability may arise.

For an example of creating a foster family, see the following video:

Photo: Press Service of the Mayor and the Moscow Government. Denis Grishkin

By November 2016, more than 90 percent of the capital's orphans and children left without parental care had already been placed in new families. the site tells what benefits new dads and mothers can count on, how adoption differs from custody, and how to take a child into a family.

The number of Muscovites who are not indifferent to the fate of children in orphanages is increasing every year. The number of foster families in only nine months of 2016 increased by 4.3 percent - from 2537 to 2646 families, and 240 children have found a new home in foster families.

Over the past six years, the number of orphans and children left without parental care who have found a new family has increased by 48 percent.

Family Education Support Centers

All boarding schools, orphanages and children's homes, as well as boarding schools for mentally retarded children in the city of Moscow by the end of 2015 were transformed into centers of assistance family education... Here residents can communicate with children, learn how to issue guardianship or patronage, become foster parents or adopt children.

In Moscow, there are 31 state centers and 7 more private institutions for orphans and children left without parental care. At the same time, the number of children brought up in them has decreased by 20 percent since the beginning of 2016 - from 2,473 to 1,980 people. These are mainly children over 10 years old and with disabilities, including those suffering from Down syndrome. In general, over six years, the number of pupils in boarding schools has more than halved.

More than 18.7 thousand children are brought up in foster families. The most common form of family arrangement is gratuitous guardianship (guardianship), followed by adoption, foster family.

Guardianship and guardianship

Now there are 7.6 thousand guardianship families in the city, in which almost 8.6 thousand children are being brought up.

Adult capable citizens, most often relatives of children, become guardians and trustees. This takes into account the moral qualities of a person and the desire of the child himself.

Guardians are appointed for minors under 14 years of age. They become legal representatives and can act on their behalf, undertake to raise children, educate them, care for and protect their interests. When the child turns 14, the guardian becomes the guardian. Guardianship ends when the pupil turns 18 or when he gets married.

Guardians (trustees) are paid money to support the child, support is provided in the organization of his education, recreation and treatment.

Living with guardians, the child can, if desired, see blood relatives. But it will not be possible to change the surname or date of birth of children under guardianship.

Adoption (adoption)

Since the beginning of the year, 187 children have been adopted in Moscow. In total, there are now more than 5.1 thousand families in the city, where 5.7 thousand adopted children are being brought up.

Upon adoption, persons who have adopted a child into their family acquire all parental rights and responsibilities. The adoptive parents give the child their last name and bring up as their own.

The age difference between the parents-to-be and the child must be more than 16 years old. Only capable citizens who do not have a criminal record under grave offenses can become adoptive parents, provided that they have housing and the necessary income. Children will not be sent to families where parents use alcohol or drugs, are carriers of infections, suffer from mental illness, or have previously been deprived of parental rights or were removed from the duties of a guardian.

Foster families

Over the nine months of 2016, 109 foster families appeared in the capital, into which 240 children were taken. In total, there are 2.6 thousand foster families in the city. 4412 children are being brought up in them.

Such a family is created under an agreement concluded with the guardianship and guardianship authorities. Foster parents become the child's legal guardians and legal representatives. But unlike ordinary guardians, they are rewarded for their services.

Both married couples and single citizens can become parents. The main thing is not to have serious illnesses and convictions, not to use drugs and alcohol, and also to be able to provide the child with everything necessary for life and study.

Learn to be a parent

Spouses who want to adopt or take care of children can get specialist advice at foster schools. Here they will tell you what documents need to be prepared, what benefits you can count on, how to help your child adapt to new family and avoid conflict situations, as well as how to educate children with disabilities.

Today there are 57 schools for foster parents in the city. In just nine months of this year, 2,637 people were trained there. Another 54 organizations provide support to foster families. Escort agreements were concluded with 1149 families, where 1754 children are being brought up.

Social payments to families with orphans and children left without parental care

When a child is transferred to a family for upbringing, the capital's social security authorities pay a lump sum stipulated by Federal Law No. 81-FZ of 19.05.1995 “On State Benefits to Citizens with Children”.

The allowance is paid for all forms of family placement of children left without parental care (adoption, establishment of guardianship (guardianship), transfer to foster care). The amount of the allowance is:

- for persons who have adopted a disabled child, a child over the age of seven, as well as children who are brothers and (or) sisters - 118,529 rubles 25 kopecks;

- for persons who have adopted an orphan child, a child left without parental care, into a foster family or under guardianship (guardianship), as well as for persons who have adopted an orphan child, a child left without parental care, who is not a disabled child, a child under seven years or a child not adopted at the same time as a brother (sister) - 15 512 rubles 65 kopecks.

Last year, the allowance was paid for 2,304 children placed in foster care, including the parents of 106 children who received maximum size benefits. Since the beginning of this year, the parents of 1,855 children have received it. Families of 100 children - 118.5 thousand rubles each.

In addition, families receive a monthly payment from the capital's budget. From January 1 of this year, the size monthly benefits for orphans and children left without parental care, who are in the families of guardians, trustees, foster parents, foster carers, as well as monthly compensation payments to persons who adopted in the city of Moscow after January 1, 2009, an orphan child or a child left without parental care, increased by 10 percent and ranges from 16.5 thousand to 27.5 thousand rubles per month, depending on the age, number of children and their state of health.

From January 1, the size of the monthly remuneration paid to foster parents (foster carers) has also been increased.

Foster parents and foster carers receive monthly remuneration in the amount of 16.7 thousand rubles for each foster child, and the payment for a disabled child has been increased to 28,390 rubles. At the same time, in families with one or two children, only one of the parents receives payments, and when raising more than three children, both spouses are entitled to monthly remuneration for each child.

A one-time compensation payment for reimbursement of expenses in connection with the adoption of a child in Moscow depends on the sequence of adoption of children and amounts to 76.9 thousand rubles, 107.7 thousand rubles or 153.8 thousand rubles.

In addition, the city reimburses families for the costs of housing and communal services and the telephone, and provides free travel on public transport. Children are provided annually with vacation vouchers, and once every two years they can relax with their foster parents. Also, since 2014, foster families have been compensated for part of the cost - up to 45 thousand rubles - of self-purchased vouchers.

After reaching the age of majority, orphans or children without parental care who do not have a living quarters assigned to them are provided with housing that meets the established social norms.

A new family - to a new home

Since 2014, a project has been launched in the capital to provide property support to families who have adopted older orphans and (or) disabled children for upbringing.

Families who have taken up at least five orphans, three of whom are over 10 years old and / or are disabled, receive housing for a comfortable living for a large family. The area of a house or apartment is calculated at the rate of 10 to 18 square meters for each family member (parents, their own minor children and foster children).

If the spouses are married at least three years and successfully undergo psychological diagnostics, then a contract for the free use of residential premises for 10 years is concluded with them. After this period, the family has the right to receive an apartment under a social rental agreement.

34 foster families became participants in the project, to which 203 children were transferred. Of these, 63 are disabled children, 93 children are over 10 years old.

A truly family award

For their significant contribution to the development of family organization, residents and organizations are awarded the Stork Wings Prize. The laureates receive a commemorative sign - a statuette depicting a flying stork and a baby.

Natalia's family became laureates of the "Wings of a Stork" award in one of the most significant nominations "To adoptive parents, guardians (trustees), foster or foster families for a special personal contribution to the development of the family arrangement of orphans and children left without parental care in the city of Moscow" and Valery Zhuravlev. They are raising three children and 15 foster children, six of whom have Down syndrome. At the same time, the spouses assisted in the transfer of 38 more children with such a diagnosis to other families.

And the prize among public organizations was received by the St. Sophia orphanage, which became one of the first non-state orphanages in Russia for disabled people with severe multiple developmental disabilities. Now there are 22 children in it. Employees are looking for families. And those who remain in this institution will be taken care of even after their majority.

Here, children have opportunities not only for learning, but also for social adaptation - volunteers help them in this.

This year there was a new nomination - "Person". The award in this category is awarded for a special personal contribution to the development of a family arrangement. It was received by Galina Semya, Doctor of Psychology, Professor of the Department of Psychological Anthropology at Moscow State Pedagogical University.

Friends, alas, in our time, before finding the long-awaited happiness, it is necessary to go through many instances and obstacles. Adoption involves a huge number of formal procedures. To help you in this difficult but very rewarding business, we are re-publishing the material provided to us by the Change One Life Foundation.

And today we will touch on several topics at once that are most important for parents who decide to adopt a child:

Who can become a guardian and what is PDS
- Collecting documents
- We communicate with the guardianship and guardianship authorities
- We are looking for a child and arrange custody
- Getting ready for a new life
- We arrange a foster family

Introduction: guardianship or foster family

By and large, there are only two types of family arrangement in Russia - adoption and guardianship. The legal relationship between adults and a child during adoption is regulated mainly by the Family Code of the Russian Federation, and in the case of guardianship (as well as guardianship and foster family) - by the Civil Code. Guardianship from guardianship

differs in the age of the child (over 14 years old), and a foster family is a paid form of guardianship when the guardian receives remuneration for his work. In other words, the creation of a foster family is always based on the registration of custody or guardianship over a child. Therefore, for simplicity of perception, further the phrases "foster family" and "foster parent", as well as "guardianship" and "guardian" will be encountered only where it is impossible to do without them. In all other cases - "guardianship" and "guardian".

Despite the fact that adoption is considered a priority form of family arrangement in the Russian Federation, today more and more citizens who want to adopt a child with a difficult fate into their family are choosing guardianship and its derivatives. Why? Based on the interests of the child. After all in the case of registration of guardianship, the child retains his orphan status, and, consequently, all benefits, payments and other benefits due from the state.

Choosing between adoption and custody, many parents put the material side of the issue at the forefront. In many regions, adoptive parents receive substantial lump sum payments. For example, residents of the Kaliningrad region can receive 615 thousand rubles for the purchase of housing under the ownership of an adopted child. And in the Pskov region they give out 500 thousand rubles without any restrictions on their use. And not only to Pskov, but to adoptive parents from any region.

In addition, since 2013, when adopting sisters and brothers, or disabled children or adolescents over 10 years old, the state pays 100 thousand rubles to parents at a time. And if the adopted child is the second in the family, then the parents can also apply for maternity capital. All these payments are a good help for improving the living conditions of the family. But, as mentioned earlier, in the event of adoption, an orphan becomes an ordinary Russian child, losing all the "orphan capital", including their own housing.

On the other hand, for a child, especially an older child, it is extremely important to realize that he is not a “foster child”, but an adopted one - that is, he has become a family not only in the hearts of close people, but also documented. However, quite often it is simply impossible to prefer adoption: if there are restrictions on the forms of family arrangement. So, if the biological parents of the baby are not deprived of parental rights, but only limited in them, then only two forms of arrangement will be possible for the child: custody (guardianship) or a foster family.

Who can become a guardian and what is PDS

The question in the title of this section could be answered briefly: "any adult capable citizen of the Russian Federation." If not for some "except".

So, before collecting documents for registration of custody, make sure that you do not:

1) have been deprived of parental rights.

2) were limited in parental rights.

3) were removed from the duties of a guardian (curator).

4) were an adoptive parent and the adoption was canceled through your fault.

5) you have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for grave or especially grave crimes.

7) are married to a person of the same sex, registered in any state where such marriage is permitted, or not married to a person of the opposite sex, being a citizen of that state.

8) have chronic alcoholism or drug addiction

9) cannot exercise parental rights for health reasons **.

10) live together with persons suffering from diseases that pose a danger to others ***.

** - the lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2
*** - lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2

However, you will not be obliged to undergo training in the PDS if you (in accordance with article 146 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation):

You are or have been an adoptive parent and the adoption has not been canceled.

You are or have been a guardian (trustee), and have not been removed from the performance of the duties assigned to you

A close relative of the child ****.

**** - read about the benefits of close relatives in Appendix 3

The moral and other personal qualities of the guardian;

The ability of the guardian to carry out their duties;

The relationship between the guardian and the child;

The attitude of the family members of the guardian towards the child;

The attitude of the child himself to the prospect of upbringing in the family offered to him (if this is possible due to his age and intellect).

The child's desire to see a certain person as his guardian.

Relationship degree (aunt / nephews, grandmother / grandson, brother / sister, etc.), properties (daughter-in-law / mother-in-law), former properties (former stepmother / former stepson), etc.

Collecting documents

If you want to issue guardianship as soon as possible (and most of the host parents want this), then it is better not to wait until the guardianship and trusteeship specialists request information from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, medical and other organizations. Start to act yourself: collecting documents can be done in parallel with training in the PDS. The necessary forms can be obtained from the guardianship and trusteeship specialists, or you can print it yourself *.

* - look for samples of documents in Appendix 4

So, when collecting documents, it is advisable to adhere to the following order:

1. Medical report. This point requires the most explanation. First, the medical examination of potential guardians is carried out is free... If any of the healthcare institutions in your city do not agree with this, you can safely refer to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 332 dated September 10, 1996. Secondly, the same order introduced the form №164 / u-96, on which you have to collect two dozen seals and stamps. In total, it provides the conclusions of eight specialist doctors - a narcologist, psychiatrist, dermatovenerologist, oncologist, neuropathologist, infectious disease specialist, therapist - plus the signature of the head physician of the polyclinic at the place of your registration. As a rule, all doctors meet halfway, and put their "not detected" as quickly as possible. At the same time, as in any bureaucracy, incidents are possible. So, in some cities, an appointment with a narcologist and a psychiatrist will not be allowed before passing fluorography. And without the stamps of these specialists, an infectious disease specialist will refuse to talk to you, whose test results have to wait up to two weeks. It is advisable to ask about all this those who have already undergone such a medical examination in your region. And to plan the "chain" that is optimal in terms of time and logic.

5. Written consent of all adult family members to accept the child into the family(taking into account the opinion of children living with you who have reached the age of 10). Written in free form.

6. Autobiography... The usual resume will do: born, studied, career, awards and titles.

7. Copy of marriage certificate(if you are married).

8. Copy of pension certificate(SNILS).

9. Certificate of completion of training and (PDS).

10. Application requesting appointment as guardian.

We communicate with the guardianship and guardianship authorities

So, your package of documents is in the guardianship and trusteeship

wah. But even if all the documents are perfect, in order to register you, the last document is missing, which the specialists will prepare themselves after a visit to your home. This visit must take place within 7 days after the submission of the main package of documents. We are talking about the act of examining the living conditions of a citizen who has expressed a desire to become a guardian.

The survey report is drawn up within 3 days, after which it is approved by the authorities, and sent to you - within 3 more days. And only after that, the guardianship and trusteeship body connects the entire package of documents and issues an opinion on the possibility of a citizen to be a guardian. This can take up to 15 days. In case of a positive decision, this conclusion will become the basis for registration - an entry in the journal is made within 3 more days.

We are looking for a child and arrange custody

In practice, many happy and successful adoptive parents ended up taking into the family not the children they planned to find. Everything was decided by the visual image of the child - once he saw video or a photo, the parents could no longer think of anyone else, and completely forgot about those preferences that they fantasized for themselves. Thus, children with "unpopular" colors of eyes and hair, with bouquets of diseases, along with brothers and sisters, went to families. After all, the heart does not understand the parameters of FBD.

You can not only see, but also hear the voice of your unborn child in the database of video questionnaires "Change one life" - the largest in Russia... In a short video you will see how the child plays, moves, what he can do and hear what he lives and what he dreams about.

This act is attention! - drawn up by the guardianship and trusteeship authority at the place of residence of the child... If the boarding school or orphanage where the child is brought up is far away, try to negotiate with the specialists so that they try to accept the application and draw up the act in one day - otherwise you will have to travel to the remote settlement twice. The fact is that after the adoption of your application, the guardianship and trusteeship body will need to do a few more time-consuming matters: request information from the institution where the child is being brought up, and also hold a guardianship council. This usually takes another 2-3 days.

If all goes well, you will be invited to the organ.

guardianship and trusteeship for obtaining the act and certificate of the guardian, and the institution will prepare the child and his documents.

Preparing for a new life

So, we can congratulate you: you were given a certificate of guardian, and the child leaves the boarding school and goes to the family!

* - a list of the child's documents can be found in Appendix 5

There you also write an application for the payment of a lump sum to you (today it ranges from 12.4 to 17.5 thousand rubles - depending on the region) and, if you wish, an application for creating a foster family. After you register, you have to perform a number of other actions - such as opening a current account in the name of the child (obtaining a Savings Book), temporary registration of the child at the place of your registration, applying for a tax deduction, etc. Specialists of the guardianship and guardianship authorities will tell you about all this. And they will also have to give you an order - permission to spend the money transferred monthly for the maintenance of the child.

If the child is of school age, you will also need to enroll him in school (it is better to take care of this in advance), inclusion in the preferential lists for summer vacations. If you are planning to travel abroad, take care of obtaining a passport for a minor. If the child has savings, transfer them to a profitable replenishment deposit in a reliable bank.

We arrange a foster family

1. information about the child or children placed in foster care (name, age, health status, physical and mental development);

2. the duration of the contract (ie the period for which the child is placed in a foster family);

3. conditions of maintenance, upbringing and education of a child or children;

4. the rights and obligations of adoptive parents;

5. the rights and obligations in relation to the adoptive parents of the guardianship and guardianship authority;

6. the grounds and consequences of the termination of such an agreement.

Every child has the right to be loved and desired, to grow up surrounded by a family, to receive the necessary care and affection. If you decide to take a child for upbringing, you have given the child a chance for a happy childhood. The topic of raising a foster child is surrounded by a mass of controversy and disagreement, many argue that this is hard work with an unknown result, while others - that it is joy and happiness. On the one hand, it should be noted that the upbringing of any child does not guarantee successful results and often their own children deliver a lot of disappointment and pain to their parents. The experience of many families proves that raising someone else's child brings happiness to all family members and fills life with bright colors. Much depends on the "breadth" of your heart, ready to share love, on the awareness of potential difficulties, on the readiness to face them. Let's talk about the basic rules for raising a foster child.

Adaptation period

If you decide to take a child into foster care and have already done so, be sure that you did the right thing and never regret it, if difficulties arise, look for ways to solve them and do not think about abandoning the baby. The situation can be complicated by the fact that you have to bring up someone else's child, for example, if you are forced to take on the upbringing of the child of your husband or wife. In this case, remember that the child, too, may not voluntarily, but due to the circumstances, will live with you and he is not obliged to glow with love and gratitude towards you, he may experience many experiences associated with the breakup or death of his parents. Whatever the reason for your decision to foster a child, you will have to go through several stages on the path to building close and trusting relationships. And the first will be the adaptation period.

Adaptation of the adopted baby should be slow, gradual and unobtrusive. Many of the habits in your family can be a gimmick for an adopted child. Also, the baby is used to a different type of relationship and it will be difficult for him to switch to closer family communication.

If you have adopted a child from orphanage, then one should not immediately give him complete freedom, abandoning all restrictions. Remember that in orphanages there is a rather tough regime and children are accustomed to strictness and therefore excessive tenderness and indulgence on your part can quickly turn into uncontrolled permissiveness on the part of the child. Therefore, immediately tactfully and clearly tell the baby about the rules in your family, explain what you expect from him. Feel free to politely but firmly remind of the existing rules of conduct and routine. As the child adapts to your family, the severity may decrease, giving way to love and affection.

If you are raising a child of a husband or wife, then at the initial stage, you can give the initiative in raising a parent and play a supporting role. Wait for the child to get used to you, do not pretend to be his own mother or father, try to establish friendly relations.

Difficulties in raising someone else's child

Bad habits. The first difficulty in raising a foster child may be bad habits brought by the child from the orphanage. It can be obscene language, the habit of lying and taking things without asking. You should not start too zealously to fight bad habits, and even more so to punish the child. It is necessary to gently and tactfully make comments to the child, patiently explain the negative side of such behavior. If it is not customary in your family to use swear words and lie, then the child will soon give up these habits too. If possible, do not often use the method of direct notations and exhortations; a fictional story about fairy-tale characters who had such habits and coped with them may turn out to be softer and more effective. Fairy tales and stories, suitable films and cartoons have a great pedagogical effect.

Disobedience and rebelliousness. If at first the baby can rejoice at finding a family, then soon he may stop obeying and do everything for evil, doing the same bad deeds. You should not be angry, punish the child, and even more so threaten him, then you can refuse him. A child with his really bad behavior can test you for strength, believing that you do not need him, and you will abandon him at the first difficulties. Do you think this is ridiculous and stupid? But is it so difficult to understand and justify a little man who wants to be loved just like that, in spite of difficulties and troubles, for real ... The way out of this situation can be an open conversation with a child, held in a calm atmosphere in the right time... Tell your baby that you love unconditionally, and you will always love him, and his bad behavior just hurts both of you, but will not make you give up or stop loving.

Don't ask for love in return. Do not immediately expect adoration from the child; it will take time to establish a strong emotional attachment. But be prepared that the baby may not let you go for a minute and refuse to be alone. This is due to the fear of being abandoned again.

Difficulties on the path of raising someone else's child are inevitable, as well as in other matters and in raising your child. Be with your baby more often, try to get to know him well, solve the problems that arise, and the result will not be long in coming.

Basic rules for raising a foster child

the child must feel unconditional love parents, not dependent on his successes, shortcomings and behavior;
respect the child and trust him, be attentive to everything that happens to him;
the child should never feel fear in relation to you - categorically abandon harsh educational measures, replacing them with explanations, conversations, restrictions;
do not abuse prohibitions and punishments - open the opportunity to learn about the world, organize various activities for the child, carry away interesting activities;
do not demand ideal behavior;
develop the strengths of the child, as they grow up, stipulate the rules of behavior and agree on them.

The same rules apply when a husband or wife is raising a child.

Patience, love, and wise parenting tactics will help create happy relationship in your family.