Elena Tynyanaya

In January we started work on a new project "Ecological Calendar". For a long time, the idea of ​​creating a thematic calendar with the children came to me, and in the light of the relevance of the topic, they decided to opt for the calendar of ecological holidays. And immediately plunged into a lot of interesting information. What amazing holidays we missed! Starting this year, we begin to improve: and already in January, my children and I celebrated two wonderful dates that we never knew about before: the Day of Reserves and the World Day of Snow.

Let me bring to your attention some of our developments for the project.

Environmental Calendar Project

Type of: informational and social

group,

long term

Target:

Formation of ecological awareness and ecological culture of senior preschoolers.

Tasks:

1. Formation of elementary ecological knowledge and ideas of children

2. Expansion and systematization of ideas about the ecosystem organization of the nature of the Earth;

3. Development of cognitive skills and interest of children.

4. Assistance in the formation in children of a sense of belonging to all living things, humane attitude to the environment and the desire to show concern for the preservation of nature.

Expected results:

* Raising the level of ecological culture of children and parents.

* Formed system of becoming moral qualities the personality of the preschooler through environmental education

* Organization of a developing environment conducive to the moral and ecological development of children, the leading place in which is the wall calendar of ecological holidays.

Project stages:

Preparatory Awareness of the problem situation, the choice of the topic of the project.

Development of a project theme, goals, objectives.

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the group on the topic: the study of albums on the projects of the group with a part of the ecological "Sun": "I love the Russian birch tree", "We live in Russia"

A study of environmental holidays for 2017. Selection of information on the topic of the project in encyclopedias, magazines, books, the Internet.

Formation of motivational readiness of parents to participate in project activities. Consultation for parents "Ecological education of a child: informative, interesting, significant"

Analytical Project development, long-term plan activities.

Prospective and thematic plan: First half of the year:

1 calendar page: January. January 11 Day of Reserves; January 29 ( last sunday) - World Snow Day.

2 page: February. February 2 World Wetlands Day; 19 February World Day for the Protection of Marine Mammals (Day of the Whale); February 27 is International Polar Bear Day.

3 page: March. March 1 World Cat Day; March 3 World Wildlife Day; March 20 Earth Day; March 21 is International Forest Day; March 22 World Water Day; March 25 Earth Hour (Global annual international action organized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF,

4 page: April. 1 April International Bird Day; 7 April World Health Day; April 15 is the day of environmental knowledge; April 19 - Snowdrop Day; April 22 International Day of Mother Earth

5 page: May 3 World Sun Day; May 23 World Turtle Day; May 24 European Parks Day; May 31 World No Tobacco Day.

Second semester:

6 page: September 10 September (second Sunday) World crane day; September 15 Russian Forest Day; September 17, 2017 - Day of Forest Workers; September 21 International Night of the Bats; September 27 - International Rabbit Day

Organizational Selection of material. Replenishment of the ecological center with creative materials on the topic.

Practical Implementation of the project in educational practice: work with children and parents according to the project plan. Carrying out planned activities: conversations, didactic games, quizzes, research activities, experimentation, viewing encyclopedias and other literature on the topics of the project, creative visual activity, searching for materials at home in various sources, making the "Red Book of Nature of the Leningrad Region", layouts of natural zones, making lapbooks, s-r, creative and director's games.

Final:

presentation public presentation of the product joint activities: wall ecological group calendar. Final events: ecological quest-event with parents "Green Planet", viewing the presentation.

Sorry, the text without table borders is a little confusing.

Our calendar is made on the principle of a reverse tear-off calendar: if in a tear-off calendar we gradually tear off the pages, then we stick the next months on top of it. And it turns out to be reverse cumulative.

The first holiday, the Day of Reserves in Russia, was held in interesting acquaintance with nature reserves, their purpose and inhabitants. Then we designed a wall newspaper next to our calendar and made a mini-reserve with our own hands, which we then played with.





But the World Snow Day could not be held as planned: they wanted to arrange games with snow and make various buildings, but it did not snow all week. But on the other hand, we played an interesting multimedia game that I made to compare ice and snow, but unfortunately it does not load. Those interested, as always, can contact us by e-mail. Thank you for stopping by!

All publications Preschool education Primary education Basic general education Secondary (complete) education Secondary (professional) education Higher education Additional education

Author of the publication: Beresneva Natalya Vladimirovna

Eco - local history calendar "Along the paths with the Unicorn"


Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution " Kindergarten No. 39 "of the municipal entity" Lysvensky urban district "(MADOU" Kindergarten No. 39 "MO" LGO ") Ecological - local history calendar Natalya Vladimirovna Beresneva educator year. The Unicorn is the youngest daughter of the Unicorn, which is the symbol of our city. Together with the Unicorn, we get to know the history and natural features of our city. Each page in the calendar is a good help for teachers and parents in environmental education of children. The purpose of this calendar is not only to give knowledge about nature, seasonal changes, but also to develop cognitive interest to the city and its surroundings. The rules for working with our calendar are very simple. The calendar is conventionally divided into four ecologists - local history topics: Wintering birds (January - March) Green city: parks, squares, flower gardens (April - May) Water bodies of the city (June - August) Underground storeroom (September - October) Each page of the month has repeating sections and tasks: - the weather calendar is filled in with the child ( conventions); - headings "Watching, listening, talking", "Learning and playing" - these are selected recommendations of experts: paintings by local artists, small tasks, ecological fairy tales and tasks. - The Red Book of our region, ecological dictionary and local history material. The calendar will tell about the difficulties that birds endure in winter, about the real pride of our city - reservoirs, parks, as well as about minerals and gems of our district. This calendar is not simple, this calendar is a club! Everyone who starts home environmental education will become full-fledged members of the "Unicorns" club. Every three months the results will be summed up, we will share our impressions and photos. After each calendar theme - a gift for children (coloring pages with tasks and games). The calendar can also be used on special thematic sessions on acquaintance with the surrounding world, nature, acquaintance with lexical topics. It is important to induce in children positive attitude to objects and phenomena of nature. The calendar of nature implies work with parents - this is joint fulfillment of tasks, family excursions in accordance with the route of the calendar, final ecological holidays. With the help of the calendar of nature, children will learn visually, in an accessible play form throughout the year, they get to know the nature of their relatives edge, as well as with the help of assignments to assimilate what is happening in the plant, animal world, in human activities. According to the results of the work of the calendar, at the end of the year, children will learn to fill out the weather calendar (with symbols), expand their ideas about the nature of the urban district, and be enriched with positive emotions while completing family assignments. Literature Nikolaeva S.N. "Methodology for environmental education of preschoolers", 2nd ed. M. Academy, 2005 The magazine "Hoop" №1, 2002, p.48

Relevance of the project:

Environmental education in education is one of the urgent problems modernity. The global environmental crisis has brought environmental issues into the center of attention for preschool workers as well. From a purely scientific it turned into a social one, filled with an alarming sense of trouble in nature that comes from, first of all, human activity.

The common problem of the world's population is the deterioration of the human environment. Children are especially sensitive to poor living conditions (polluted water, air, food).

Environmental problems and disasters are directly related to the education of the population - its insufficiency or complete absence and gave rise to a consumer attitude towards nature. Acquisition of ecological culture, ecological awareness and thinking is the only way out of this situation for mankind.

Respect for nature should be the norm for people of any age

A child needs to be taught from an early age that to love nature means to do good. This can be achieved if you acquaint the child with its secrets, show interesting things in the life of plants and animals, teach to enjoy the smell of flowering herbs, landscapes of their native places.

We started with the most elementary, with love for animals - through an ecological and local history project for children and adults on the topic "Little inhabitants of the planet."

Project idea:

The knowledge gained will help children in the future to be environmentally literate and solve environmental problems.

Objective of the project:

Raising a child's careful and humane attitude to the living world.

Project objectives:

  • To systematize knowledge about domestic and wild animals and animals of the region.
  • Clarify children's ideas about the relationship between man and the natural world.
  • Instill a sense of responsibility for the lives of animals.
  • To bring up in children a humane attitude towards living things.

You are forever responsible for everyone

whom he tamed.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

1... Stage. Preparatory.

  • Creation of an ecological calendar.
  • Reading fiction and encyclopedic literature.
  • Examining pictures, albums, conducting didactic and outdoor games, solving crosswords, riddles.
  • Preparing an excursion to the station for young naturalists.
  • Visiting an excursion to the central library for an ecological lesson "Paws, ears, tail and feathers, or in the world of animals."
  • Excursion to the "Winter Garden" MDOU Kindergarten №22 "Blue Bird".
  • Excursion to the museum. I. Shemanovsky to the exhibition "The World of Insects".
  • Preparing for the entertainment "Our home is the Earth!".
  • Preparation of material for visual activities.
  • Observations and work in a corner of nature.
  • Creation of the book "Inquisitive Why and Pathfinders".

2. Stage. Project implementation.

  • Conduct cognitive cycle classes.
  • Organize activities with children: drawing, modeling, application, manual labor.
  • Make a collage "Our neighbors on the planet Earth".
  • Dramatize fairy tales:
  • Conduct a competition for the best poem about an animal.

Working with parents:

  • Compose a story based on the child's words about his pet, draw his "portrait".
  • Prepare material for the creation of the book "Inquisitive Why and Pathfinder".
  • Create a booklet “Know, Love and Protect”.
  • To create a video film and a presentation clip "Guys and Animals".
  • Create leaflets “Take care of nature!”.

Project work:

Cognitive cycle classes

Environmental education classes

  • "Domestic and Wild Animals"

Target. To systematize ideas about the habitats of wild and domestic animals (they live where there is food, it is convenient to raise cubs and escape from enemies). Learn to apply specific knowledge about behavior and needs. Cultivate an interest in animal life.

  • "Everyone needs each other"

Target. To form a generalized idea that the forest is a home for animals and plants. To give an idea of ​​the relationship between man and nature. Teach children to behave correctly in the forest.

Classes of artistic and productive activities.

  • "Our favorites"

Target. To consolidate the ability to sculpt from a whole piece, correctly convey the proportions of the body, give the lines smoothness, elegance in accordance with the nature of the ceramic figure. To cultivate the ability to correctly evaluate your own work and the work of others.

  • "Who lives in the tundra?"

Target. Continue to teach children to convey characteristic features in the drawing appearance animals of the north. To educate an aesthetic and moral attitude towards animals and plants.

  • “How the baby was looking for his mother” is a collective work.

Target. Teach children to use in work waste material, depict an animal in an applique manner different shapes and magnitude, continue to develop the ability to work together.

  • "Funny family".

Target. Continue teaching children how to make funny animals from natural materials. Develop aesthetic perception, creative imagination.

  • Entertainment "Our home is the Earth".

Target. Form the idea that man is a part of nature. His life depends on the state of natural objects, and their safety is the responsibility of man.

  • Excursion to the station of young naturalists.

Target. Summon positive emotions from contact with animals. Teach not to be afraid of some of them. Promote interest in observing animal and bird behavior. Bring up conscious attitude to the problem of their content.

  • Dramatization of fairy tales:

E. Karganova “Who is the most beautiful?”;

I. Knips "The kitten who forgot how to ask for food."

Target. To develop the ability of children to emotionally liberate themselves, to teach to convey through gestures, intonational expressiveness, the content of works, the images of the main characters. To intensify speech activity. Develop dialogical speech... To cultivate a humane attitude towards living things.

  • Excursion to the central library for an ecological lesson "Paws, ears, tail and feathers, or in the world of animals."

Target. To acquaint children with the world of animals. Clarify why animals need paws, tails, feathers, etc. What are the benefits. To cultivate love, respect for them.

  • Collage creation "Our neighbors on planet Earth"

Target. Develop Creative skills children. Learn to use materials of different textures in your work. Express the emotional idea of ​​a piece of art.


Parents' participation in the implementation of the project.

  • Preparing for the children's competition for the best performance of a poem about animals.
  • Homework, child-adult drawing (application) on the theme "My pet".
  • Drawing up a story about a pet.

Recording a story from the words of a child.

  • Creation of the booklet "Know, love and protect!"
  • Creation of a video film and presentation video "Guys and Animals".
  • Creation of leaflets "Take care of nature!"

3. Stage. Summarizing.

  • Conducting a competition for the best performance of poems about animals "Poems about animals."
  • Presentation of the group book "Inquisitive Why and Pathfinder".
  • Presentation of the collage "Our neighbors on the planet Earth".
  • Presentation of the photo album "Nature and Man".
  • Exhibition on the theme: "My pet".
  • Participation in the city competition for the protection of environmental projects "Earth is my home!"
  • Presentation of the video film (clip) "Guys and Animals".
  • Distribution of the booklet "Know, love and protect!" Distribution of leaflets “Take care of nature!”.



In the course of the project implementation, environmental education classes were held with children in an unconventional form, where children's ideas about the habitats of wild and domestic animals were systematized. They formed a generalized idea that the forest is a home for animals. On the relationship between man and nature.

In the classroom of artistic and productive activities, children were taught to use waste and natural material, depict animals using the application method, draw.

Collectively - creative work was carried out through the dramatization of fairy tales, children were taught to convey the images of the main characters.

They formed the idea that man is a part of nature. His life depends on the state of natural objects, and their safety is the responsibility of man. They brought up a humane attitude towards living things, learned who lives where, who eats what.

They conducted excursions to the station of young people, first they had conversations with the children and learned poems. They strengthened their interest in observing the habits of animals and birds, taught them not to be afraid of some of them, not to frighten them. They brought up a conscious attitude to the problem of their content. (assisted in warming cages for swans), contact with animals in children caused positive emotions, joy, which is very important for us.During the implementation of the project, we gave children ideas not only about the animal world, but also about the nature is interconnected, caring for nature is caring for man. Anything that harms nature harms man himself. "We are all connected to each other!"

Look at our land, she cries, asks: "Save ME!"

To instill love and caring attitude towards animals is not possible without the participation of parents. Together with their children, they drew their favorites, cats, dogs, hamsters, wrote interesting stories about them. it is useful to have some of the animals at home. A child can emotionally communicate with animals, play, talk. At the same time, parents are an example of a caring, attentive attitude to animals for children, explain to them the dependence of the animal's welfare on the child's fulfillment of the instructions for caring for him.

Parents helped to arrange:

  1. Photo album "Nature and Man"

2. Created a collage "We live on planet Earth"

3. And they designed the book of the group "Inquisitive Why and Pathfinders", which tells about the life of animals and interesting facts.

The teachers prepared:

Educational booklets "Know, love and protect", leaflets "Take care of nature!"

The role-playing game "Five with a tail" was framed and played with the children. Clinic for four-legged friends.

Prepared theatricalization of the fairy tale by E. Karganova "Who is the most beautiful?"

We invite teachers preschool education Tyumen region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to publish their methodological material:
- Pedagogical experience, copyright programs, teaching aids, presentations for classes, electronic games;
- Personally developed notes and scripts educational activities, projects, master - classes (including video), forms of work with family and teachers.

Why is it profitable to publish with us?

School ruler on the theme "Ecological calendar"

1 slide We will conduct our speech about

That the whole earth is ours common Home -

Our kind home, spacious home -

We all live in it from birth.

We are also talking about that,

That we should take care of our house.

2 slide Life on Earth is believed to have existed for approximately 5 billion years.

3 slide and there is no reason to fear that it will not exist, at least for as long, if we ourselves do not destroy it.

4 slide The problem of human interaction with nature is eternal and at the same time modern.

5 slide After all, humanity is connected with the natural environment by its origin, existence and future.

6 slide New technical inventions of the late XIX - early XX centuries, the successes of the chemical, steel, machine-building industries, led to significant changes in the attitude of a person, the priorities of values. A view of nature emerged, which is seen as a workshop in which man acts.

7 slide On this basis, the slogan arose: “We cannot expect favors from nature. It is our task to take them from her! " However, the rude consumer attitude of man to nature has led to disastrous results.

8 slide In the second half of the XX century, mankind is witnessing the depletion of mineral resources, the disappearance of many species of animals and plants, catastrophic pollution of water and atmosphere.

9 slide Under the influence of human production activities in a dangerous direction, the Earth's climate is changing, and the "ozone holes" that have arisen in the atmosphere open the way to Earth for radiation from space that is terrible for any life.

10 slide

11 slide An active movement to protect the environment began in the 60s of the last century. In 1962, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring was published. She drew the readers' attention to the irreparable harm caused to the environment by the irrational use of pesticides.

12 slide Later, by the decision of the UN, the day of April 22 from 1970 was declared World Earth Day. The UN initiative has brought together people who are sincerely concerned about the future of our planet. There are manyorganizations, movements, societies engaged in environmental protection. Here is some of them.

13 slide WWF was createdSeptember 11, 1961 in a Swiss town with the aim of preserving biological diversity on earth. Created by a commonwealth of business leaders, scientists and government leaders, with the support of Prince Bernard of the Netherlands and the Duke of Edinburgh, the foundation has grown into an influential and independent international organization with about 5 million permanent supporters and working in more than 100 countries. In 1994, the Russian office of the World Wildlife Fund was opened.

14 slide Greenpeace from English "green world" -international public environmental organizationbased in the cityVancouverSeptember 15th1971 yearDavid McTaggart... The main goal of Greenpeace is to achieve a solution to globalenvironmentalproblems, including by drawing attention to them

the public and the authorities. Greenpeace is known for its high-profile campaigns aimed at attracting attentionmass mediato environmental problems.

15 slide Movement "Greens"emerged in the early 70s in Western Europe and opposes environmental pollution, the harmful consequences of the development of nuclear energy. The Russian Ecological Party “Greens” is actively working on the international consolidation of the ecological community.

16 slide Bellona is an international environmental organization whose main goal is to combat environmental destruction, the threats to human health caused by pollution and negative environmental consequences. In the late 80s of the 20th century, Bellona became widely known for spectacular actions organized against a number of industrial companies, on whose conscience there were serious environmental violations.

17 slide International Union for Conservation of Natureinternational non-profit organization dedicated to the coverage of conservation issuesbiodiversityplanet, has observer status atTo the UN General Assembly... The mission is to influence, encourage and help societies around the world to preserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and environmentally sustainable.

18 slide The interregional ecological public organization Green Cross focuses on the implementation of measures to protect the environment, to educate a wide range of people to live and develop in accordance with the laws of nature, to preserve it for descendants with the same resource potential that mankind possesses today.

19 slide In the Constitution Russian Federation adopted in 1993, Article 42 reads: “Everyone has the right to a favorable environment, reliable information about its condition and to compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental offense”.

20 slide This means that our state takes care of improving the state of the environment, that nature conservation and nature restoration activities are the responsibility of state bodies. In order to ensure the right of everyone to a healthy environment, Vladimir Putin signed a decreeto hold the Year of Environmental Protection in the Russian Federation in 2013.

21 slide There are currently many ecological holidays and memorable dates constituting ecological calendar with which we want to introduce you.

22 slide September is very rich in various environmental dates. The most significant of them: Action "Cleanse the Planet of Garbage", Birthdays of WWF and Greenpeace, Russian Forest Day, Day of Ceasefire and Non-Violence.

23 slide October 2 is Children's Health Day, the Fourth is World Animal Day, October 6 is World Habitat Day.

26 slide February is the World Day for the Protection of Marine Mammals and Polar Bears.

27 slide In March, International Day of the Forest, Earth Day.

28 slide April is also very full of ecological holidays.

April 15 and June 5 - All-Russian Days of Environmental Protection from Environmental Hazard, April 15 - Day of Environmental Knowledge

29 slide In May, one of the days is dedicated to planting a forest

30 slide June June 1 - World Children's Day, June 5 - World Environment Day, June 26 - International Day Against Drug Addiction

31 slide

32 slide

33 slide We have already noted that, according to one of the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, everyone has the right to a favorable environment. In the same Constitution, Article 58 defines the duty of every citizen "to preserve nature and the environment, to take good care of natural resources."

34 slide At present, every person, regardless of his age, specialty, must be environmentally educated, be able to assess the consequences of his practical activities when interacting with the environment. The task of each of us is to make a feasible contribution to the protection of nature.

35 slide Chinese wisdom says: "A journey of a thousand miles always begins with one single step." Let us each of us take this step.

The course of the conversation.

The connection of each of us with nature is deep and diverse. Being a living being, a person in the development of the whole organism, in its structure and functioning, retains much in common with animals. Scientists, doctors, studying the organism of highly developed animals, draw on knowledge about man; new methods of treatment, new drugs, are tested on animals, which are then applied to humans. Thus, we can talk about a person as a part of living nature. At the same time, a person lives in a natural environment that creates the natural conditions for his existence. We breathe air, drink water, bask in the sun, eat earthly fruits, the layer of the atmosphere protects us from deadly cosmic rays. Should at least one of these conditions be violated, the question arises about the very existence of man.

New technical inventions of the late XIX - early XX centuries, the successes of the chemical, steel, machine-building industries - all this led to significant changes in the world outlook of a person, the priorities of values. There is a technocratic view of the world, of nature, which is now viewed only as a workshop in which man acts.

On this basis, the slogan arose: “We cannot expect favors from nature. It is our task to take them from her! "

However, the rude consumer attitude of man to nature has led to disastrous results. In the second half of the XX century, mankind is witnessing the depletion of mineral resources, the disappearance of many species of animals and plants, catastrophic pollution of water and atmosphere. Under the influence of human production activities in a dangerous direction, the Earth's climate is changing, and the "ozone holes" that have arisen in the atmosphere open the way to Earth for radiation from space that is terrible for any life.

Man, with his thoughtless "management", upset the balance in nature, nature was no longer able to independently heal the wounds inflicted on it - many negative processes have become irreversible.

An active movement to protect the environment began in the 60s. In 1962, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring was published. She drew the readers' attention to the irreparable harm caused to the environment by the irrational use of pesticides. Later, by the decision of the UN, the day of April 22 from 1970 was declared World Earth Day. The UN initiative has brought together people who are sincerely concerned about the future of our planet.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, states that every citizen of Russia "... has the right to a favorable environment" (from Article 42). This means that our state takes care of improving the state of the environment, that nature conservation and nature restoration activities are the responsibility of state bodies.

At the same time, the RF Constitution defines the duty of every citizen “to preserve nature and the environment, to treat natural resources with care” (from Art. 58).

At present, every person, regardless of his specialty, must be ecologically educated and ecologically cultured. Only in this case can he realistically assess the consequences of his practical activity in interaction with nature. While much has already been started in environmental education and enlightenment, little has been done with regard to environmental culture. "Ecological culture" is a system of knowledge, skills, values ​​and a sense of responsibility for decisions made in relation to nature.

An ecologically cultured person must have ecological knowledge in the main sections of ecology, i.e.:

1) have the correct definition and description of terms and concepts widely used in modern ecology: ecology, biosphere, noosphere, nature management, natural (natural) resources, etc.;

2) know about the life and work of scientists and public figures who have made the greatest contribution to the formation and development of ecology, like V.I. Vernadsky .. E. Gekkel, U. Kenon, N.N. Moiseev, E. Suess, Yu. Odum and others;

3) know the organizations, movements and societies that are engaged in nature conservation: the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the Club of Rome, Greenpeace, Caspian tabigats and others;

4) know the nature of their native land, namely: local natural conditions; natural features, rivers and bodies of water, landscapes, typical plants and animals, climate, etc. etc.; local, protected natural objects; animals of the local fauna; local birds; fish species of local water bodies; medicinal plants of the local flora.

An ecologically cultured person must have ecological thinking, i.e. be able to correctly analyze and establish causal relationships of environmental problems and predict the environmental consequences of human activity.

The ecological behavior of a person in everyday life, in the process of production activities, on vacation, etc. should be environmentally justified and expedient.

The behavior of an ecologically cultural personality includes adherence to parameters of a higher, second order: emotionality or, conversely, rationality in relation to nature; generalization or selectivity in relation to nature; conscious or unconscious attitude to nature.

An ecologically cultured person, while cognizing nature and communicating with it through his feelings (admiration, joy, surprise, affection, anger, indignation, compassion, and others), experiences his attitude towards it and seeks to preserve wildlife, thereby showing love for the natural world.

They say that a native Petersburger can be recognized by the fact that even walking along a littered city street, he carries a piece of paper in his hand to throw it into an urn.

So what is the science of "ecology"?

Ecology (from the Greek. Ekos - house, dwelling, dwelling place and logos - science) - the science of the relationship of living organisms and the communities they form with each other and with the environment. The term "ecology" was proposed in 1866 by E. Haeckel.

Since the middle of the 20th century, in connection with the increased human impact on nature, ecology has acquired special significance as a scientific basis for rational nature management and protection of living organisms, and the term "ecology" itself has a broader meaning.

Since the 70s of the 20th century, human ecology or social ecology has been developing, the study of the laws of interaction between society and the environment, as well as practical problems of its protection; includes various philosophical, sociological, economic, geographic and other aspects, for example, city ecology, technical ecology, environmental ethics and others. In this sense, they talk about the "greening" of modern science. Environmental problems generated by modern social development have triggered a number of green social political movements that oppose environmental pollution and other negative consequences of scientific and technological progress.

Organizations, movements and societies engaged in environmental activities.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Founded in 1960. It operates in more than 90 countries, carrying out about 1200 projects annually. The Foundation began its work with a program to preserve the unique nature of the Golopagos Islands, to preserve rhinos on the island of Java, to create the Koto Doñana Nature Reserve, an important resting place for migratory birds and one of the last refuge of the rare Iberian lynx.

In the 1970s, WWF created CITES - the Convention on International Trade in Rare and Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna and the TRAFFIC program, which plays an important role in reducing the illegal trade in wildlife products. Conducted Operation Tiger in India to rescue rare predators, of which there are about 2 thousand. Thanks to the programs, the number of animals increased to 3 thousand and stabilized.

1980s - Supported projects by the Chinese government to conserve the giant panda.

In 1994 he opened a Russian representative office. For 7 years, WWF in Russia has implemented more than 100 projects in 35 regions of Russia, having invested about 20 million US dollars in nature conservation. In 1996, WWF came up with the idea of ​​gifts to the Earth - contributions that can be made by national governments or individual companies in preserving the nature of our planet.

The main programs of WWF.

  1. Forest. Man has destroyed about half of the world's forests, and unfortunately, the barbaric consumption of the "lungs of the planet" continues. In 1996, WWF launched the Forests for Life global program to conserve, restore, and wisely use forests.
  2. Marine. Russia is rich in immense sea spaces, but today 13 of our seas are experiencing unprecedented pressure from human activity. WWF has prepared Russia's first Marine Strategy for the Far East, a region where it is not too late to save a significant part of marine ecosystems.
  3. Climatic. Climate change is increasingly damaging ecosystems. The planet is "warming" today faster than at any time in the last 10 thousand years. The main role in this is played by greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of coal, oil and gas.
  4. Conservation of rare species. Special attention WWF pays attention to the protection of rare and endangered species in Russia. These are the Amur tiger, Far Eastern leopard, snow leopard, bison, desman, white crane - Siberian crane, Far Eastern white stork and other animals.

Within the framework of the Living Planet international program, WWF specialists have identified more than 200 ecological regions of the Earth - "Global 200", in which the largest number species of living organisms. By conserving these ecoregions, we can conserve more than 95% of the planet's existing biodiversity.

There are 16 ecoregions on the territory of Russia.

Greenpeace - an independent international public organization aimed at preventing environmental degradation. Founded in 1971 by activists from Canada and the United States, it has branches in 25 countries (since 1990 in Moscow and Kiev). The main source of funding is voluntary private donations.

Greenpeace fights against nuclear tests and radioactive threats, against pollution of the environment with industrial waste, advocates for the protection of wildlife, seas and more. By influencing public opinion Through non-violent protests, Greenpeace solicits government and industry decisions on specific environmental issues.

"Greens" - a movement that emerged in the early 70s in Western Europe and opposes environmental pollution, the harmful consequences of the development of nuclear energy, for the preservation of military budgets, decentralization and democratization of public life. In Germany, the Greens formed a political party in 1980. Since 1984, the European Green Party has existed, uniting groups from many European countries.

Let's see what the decline in forest area can lead to.

1. Reducing the supply of oxygen to the atmosphere.

2. Reduction of plant and animal species.

3. Increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

4. Greenhouse effect, global warming.

5. Dust storms.

6. Decrease in productivity of agricultural crops.

7. Pollution, siltation, disruption of water supply.

8. Increase in the number and severity of floods.

9. Increased soil erosion.

In nature, everything is in strong relationships. One such link is the food webs you know.

Let's work with you to create a cat drinks milk food chain.

Cat - mouse - bees - clover - cow - milk - man.

Disruption of such connections can lead to irreversible consequences.

The violation of such a biological connection is described in the story of the American - writer Ray Bradbury "And the thunder struck" (read out).

And what can the pollution of water bodies lead to?

For example, a large amount of chemicals comes into the lake from the fields. This leads to an increase in the number and increased growth of plants in this reservoir. They begin to absorb oxygen more intensively. Which becomes less and less over time. And this, in turn, leads to a decrease in the number of animal organisms in this reservoir, since they do not have enough oxygen for normal life.

Let's conduct an experiment to test the purity of water. (Demonstration of experience).

The problem of environmental protection and the emergence of the science of "ecology" led to the fact that such terms as "ecological architecture" and "ecological war" appeared in our speech.

Ecological architecture came about in connection with the protection of the environment. It is characterized by the widespread use of natural, non-synthetic materials, as well as earth-saving technologies such as solar and wind power systems.

Environmental warfare - pollution or contamination of air, water, soil, extermination of flora and fauna. Prohibited by the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Other Hostile Use of Means of Influencing the Environment, adopted by the United Nations in 1977.

In connection with the decline in the number and the disappearance of many species of plants and animals in general, the Red Book was founded. How did it come about?

First, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources asked scientists different countries compile lists of rare animal species. In 1962, the Commission for the Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species, summarizing the collected data, prepared such a list, which formed the basis of the first International Red Book, published in 1966. Then, individual countries began to compile their own red books.

In Russia, the Red Book was first published in 1983. In 2001, the first volume of the new edition of the Red Book of the Russian Federation was published, which collected information about rare and endangered species of animals, indicated the reasons for their disappearance, and proposed measures to preserve these species.

Now we are working on the second volume of the Red Book, which will tell about rare and endangered plant species.

The "Red Book of the Smolensk Region" was published. (Demonstration of the book).

In places of the most rapid disappearance different types animal and plant reserves and sanctuaries have been created. One of these places is on the territory of the Smolensk region in the village of Przhevalskoye - Smolenskoye Poozerie (created on April 15, 1992).

Each of us can contribute to the protection of the nature around us.

The French writer Antoine de Saint Exupery has a work "The Planet of the People", where the main character, the little prince, "cleaned up his Planet every day!"

Various eco-organizations provide simple tips to make life greener 6

1. Make birdhouses.

2. Being near a river or lake, resist the urge to throw something into the water.

3. Once in the forest, do not deafen its permanent inhabitants with loud shouts and music, do not leave garbage on a halt.

4. When lighting and then extinguishing a fire, apply all precautions so that a fire does not start.

5. Do not smoke, because it pollutes the atmosphere, violates the rights of people around you to clean air.

6. Plant trees (they release oxygen, reduce air pollution, trap dust, cool and humidify the air, delay the flow of pollutants into water bodies; help improve groundwater quality, prevent erosion by retaining rainwater; provide food and shelter for many species of animals and just make our life greener.

7. Throw garbage into containers only. It sometimes takes many years and even centuries for the natural processing of waste:

Glass bottle - 1 million years old

Tin can - 80-100 years

Rubber - 50-80 years old

Skin - 50 years

Nylon - 30-40 years old

Plastic - 20-30 years

Polyethylene - 10-20 years

Cigarette butt - 1-5 years old.

8. Install fluorescent bulbs at home and at work (one such bulb consumes 75% less energy and lasts 10 thousand hours longer, but also the service of such a bulb for 10 years reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 590 kg).

9. Use the shower more often than the bathtub (this will reduce water loss by 1/3).

I think that anyone can follow these simple rules.

Chinese wisdom says: "A journey of a thousand miles always begins with one single step."

List of used literature

  1. From the Red Book. Animals and Plants // Children's Encyclopedia. - 2008. - No. 2.
  2. Bradbury R. And the thunder struck // Bradbury R. About the eternal wanderings and about the Earth. - M .: Pravda, 1987, - 656 p. - S.602-617.
  3. Constitution of the Russian Federation. - Rostov n / a: Publishing house "Vladis", 2006. - 48 p.
  4. Red Data Book of the Smolensk Region: Rare and Endangered Species of Animals and Plants / Otv. Editor N. D. Kruglov. - Smolensk: Smol. state ped. in-t, 1997. - 294 p., ill.
  5. Morozova S.A., Eliasberg N.I. About the most important: A book for reading students of 7-9 grades. - SPb: "Special literature", 1998. - 485 p.
  6. Recommendations to the organizers of ecological games. - M .: GODOD FC RSDOD, 2005 .-- 64 p. - (Series "Library for teachers, parents and children").
  7. Smolensk Region: Encyclopedia. T.2. - Smolensk: SGPU, 2003 .-- 624 p.
  8. Chestin I. Welcome. World Wildlife Fund. - M., 2001 .-- 48 p.