Mandatory tests and examinations during pregnancy. List of tests prescribed during pregnancy What tests do pregnant women take by week

Women in this position often become suspicious and overly cautious, but all this is only because they are worried about their baby. And that's right.

And although some expectant mothers complain that doctors give directions for many unnecessary tests, others, on the contrary, complain that doctors do not check for everything that could be dangerous for the child. How to find the golden mean?

There is a required minimum of tests and examinations that a pregnant woman must undergo. This list may change depending on your health condition and doctor's orders.

5-12 weeks of pregnancy

12-14 weeks of pregnancy

You will be directed to . During this period you can:

determine the exact duration of pregnancy;
determine the number of fruits;
identify possible malformations of the nervous system, abdominal organs or limbs of the baby.

16th pregnancy

You can take "", which explores the "genetic health" of the unborn child. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and unconjugated estriol (NE) are determined in the blood. If the levels of these substances are abnormal, the doctor may suspect some chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.

Don't panic immediately if you find out that your test results are abnormal. The test may give erroneous results in approximately 9% of cases, so you can check again with an additional test amniotic fluid- amniocentesis.

18-22 weeks of pregnancy

You will be sent to the second ultrasound examination. During this period, congenital external defects of the unborn baby can be detected. The doctor studies the body structure of the baby, determines his gender . An ultrasound will also help determine the quantity and quality of amniotic fluid, the location of the placenta and identify its presentation.

At this time, a blood test is taken, which helps determine whether the pregnant woman has developed diarrhea. You visit your gynecologist every two weeks, and each time you have blood and urine tests.

Mom Victoria told her story: “I didn’t understand at all why I should go and get tested at the clinic if I felt fine. My mother and mother-in-law chased me around. They said that they wanted a healthy grandson. Of course, I resisted as best I could, but I still passed everything that was assigned. Now I have absolutely no regrets: I have two healthy toddlers growing up. By the way, it was the gynecologist, and not the ultrasound specialist, who first noticed that I would have twins.”

32-35 weeks of pregnancy

If you are working, the doctor is already opening maternity leave. Now, with a clear conscience, you can not go to work and sleep until lunch (unless, of course, the doctor has prescribed a morning test).

At this stage, the third ultrasound is performed, and the last one during pregnancy (if everything is in order) allows:

identify some pathologies that could not be identified at earlier stages;
detect a child’s developmental delay;
establish placenta previa and determine the exact position of the fetus;
find out the amount of amniotic fluid.

33-34 weeks of pregnancy

You will undergo a Doppler ultrasound - a study that allows you to evaluate the blood flow in the vessels of the baby, uterus and placenta. This way the doctor will be able to find out whether the baby is getting enough nutrients and oxygen. If the blood flow rate is reduced, the gynecologist may also prescribe cardiotocography (CTG).

Using CTG, you can determine the tone of the uterus and the presence of its contractile activity, as well as the motor activity of the child.

35-36 weeks of pregnancy

You take blood tests again for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis, and a vaginal smear.

If the test results are normal, then you will need to visit a gynecologist every week by taking blood and urine tests. If the test results show an unfavorable condition of the mother or child, then you will be taken under special control, prescribed medications that improve blood flow, an additional ultrasound will be performed, and a little later - Doppler sonography.

You should not listen to the advice of grandmothers, neighbors or friends who do not advise going to the doctors and getting tested before you get sick. Preventive measures are always better for your health than the complex consequences of advanced diseases.

Take care of yourself, have an easy pregnancy and childbirth!

When a woman finds out about interesting position, she has a huge responsibility to maintain the pregnancy and successful birth a healthy little man. Mommy’s first task is to visit the gynecologist and register with the LCD. Numerous diagnostic studies are required at various stages of gestation. Every woman is recommended to know what tests are required during pregnancy, why and when they are prescribed, what the results say, etc.

The very first test a woman encounters during pregnancy is a home pregnancy test from a pharmacy, which will show two characteristic lines after the first day of the delay. After such a primitive confirmation of conception, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a qualified gynecologist who will confirm the fact of pregnancy.

If there are any doubts, the doctor will prescribe a blood test for the patient to determine the content of gonadotropic chorionic hormone, which can be performed as early as 8-14 days of expected conception. The levels of this hormonal substance at conception will exceed 25 mU/ml.
Also, to determine pregnancy, you need to undergo ultrasound diagnostics, which can be performed as early as 3-6 days of delay. Fertilized egg with an embryo inside ultrasound diagnostics will be visible at approximately 5-7 weeks, the heartbeat will also be heard at this period, but only during an intravaginal examination.

It is necessary to make a visit to the consultation for registration no later than 7-10 weeks. The doctor at the appointment will create a card, indicating in it the necessary information about the pregnant woman, the beginning of sexual relations, the first and last menstruation, the duration of the cycle, etc. Two cards are created, individual and exchange, the first is kept by the doctor, and the second is given to the pregnant woman. The exchange card contains the results of all studies and tests that a woman undergoes during pregnancy. During the initial examination of a pregnant woman, the obstetrician-gynecologist takes smears and informs you which tests will need to be taken first during pregnancy, writing out the appropriate directions.

Laboratory tests and other studies by trimester

While under the supervision of a gynecologist during the entire period of pregnancy, in addition to a pregnancy test, a woman periodically undergoes mandatory laboratory tests. The obstetrician-gynecologist will draw up a specific observation program for each pregnant woman, according to which the patient will be monitored over a 9-month period. From conception to childbirth, a woman has to undergo many tests. Some are appointed several times, while others are carried out once. The list of tests depends on the gestation period.

First trimester

During the first trimester, the patient needs to undergo quite a lot of diagnostic procedures, since it is during this period that she is registered. It all starts with pregnancy testing, which often involves conducting a urine test for hCG. Such a study is prescribed at 5-12 weeks of gestation; as a rule, it is during this period that a woman learns about conception and contacts the LCD. With the help of such a diagnostic procedure, the onset of conception is confirmed.

When registering for gynecological registration, swabs are taken for vaginal microflora and latent sexually transmitted infections, bacterial culture and Papanicolaou test (PAP test), and a biosample from the cervical canal. If signs of cervical erosion are detected, a colposcopic examination is performed. Then the doctor prepares a whole range of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic prescriptions for the pregnant woman, and issues appropriate orders for tests, which are extremely important to undergo in the first trimester of pregnancy. This list necessarily includes a general urine test, and an extensive blood test is prescribed, which includes:

Biochemistry;
A general analysis is required at 5, 8, 10 and subsequent weeks, when you come to see an obstetrician-gynecologist;
For rhesus and group;
For HIV and syphilis;
To detect hepatitis B;
For sugar;
For TORCH infections;
Hemoglobin level to detect anemia;
Coagulogram to determine blood clotting.

In addition, the pregnant woman is prescribed an ultrasound examination of the ovaries and uterine body, an ECG and clinical examination, which includes dental and endocrinological consultation, examination by an ophthalmologist, neurologist and surgeon.

At 10-13 weeks, the patient may be prescribed a double test or prenatal screening, in which blood is donated from a vein in the elbow for the hormonal levels of β-hCG and PAPP-A. Chorionic indicators reach maximum values at approximately 11 weeks, and PAPP-A protein is produced specifically during pregnancy and, if deficient, indicates the presence of problems. Using these indicators, specialists will be able to determine the baby’s risk of developing congenital pathologies or defects such as Down’s disease, etc.

Progesterone levels are also determined. This hormone ensures the safety of the fetus, having a beneficial effect on pregnancy, and if it is deficient, a threat of miscarriage is diagnosed. In such situations, to preserve the fetus, the woman is prescribed to take this hormone in the form of medications. At approximately 11-12 weeks, a repeat ultrasound examination will be scheduled to detect possible developmental abnormalities such as neural tube defect, Edwards, Down pathologies, etc.

Weeks of the second trimester

During the middle period of gestation, at each scheduled appointment with an obstetrician, the pregnant woman will be required to measure her weight and pressure, the height of the uterine fundus and abdominal circumference. At 14-27 weeks, a pregnant woman must undergo a general urine and blood test, as well as an ultrasound examination, during which the exact period of gestation is determined, physical abnormalities in fetal development are identified, etc.

At 16-18 weeks, a second screening is proposed, which is often called a triple test, since it involves measuring the levels of the hormones AFP, EX and hCG. The triple test is performed to detect chromosomal abnormalities and birth defects. If mommy takes hormonal medications, the indicators may be distorted. In addition, the reason for the uninformativeness of the study may be ARVI, low weight of the pregnant woman, etc. If a pathology is detected or some suspicion of it arises, it is recommended to carry out prenatal screening in an invasive way, i.e., cordocentesis or amniocentesis is performed. Such studies may pose a risk to the fetus, since they cause termination of pregnancy in 1% of patients.

Gynecologists also strongly recommend that all mothers take a test to determine glucose tolerance. With its help, you can determine the likelihood of developing latent gestational diabetes. This testing is scheduled at approximately 24-27 weeks. At 21-27 weeks, a second ultrasound examination is scheduled.

Third trimester 28-40

With the beginning of the third trimester, the frequency of visits to the LC increases; now you will have to visit an obstetrician-gynecologist every couple of weeks. During the reception there will be carried out standard procedures such as weighing, monitoring blood pressure, uterine height or abdominal volume. Before each scheduled appointment with a gynecologist, you need to donate urine and blood.

What tests need to be done at this time? At approximately 30 weeks, the pregnant woman is prescribed almost all the tests that she already underwent in the weeks of the first trimester, i.e.:

Usually healthy pregnancy ends at 39-40 weeks, but sometimes it can be delayed a little. In such a situation, the mother may additionally be prescribed an ultrasound, CTG, urine testing for acetone, etc. These studies are important for determining the safety of such a long wait for delivery and calculating its approximate date.

If the tests are bad

Sometimes it happens that some tests do not show very good results. Usually, mothers in such a situation begin to feel uncontrollable panic, they worry, become very nervous, and harass both themselves and their household. Such behavior is categorically unacceptable for a pregnant woman, because psycho-emotional experiences and stress overload are much more dangerous for the baby than not-so-good tests. By the way, they are taken in order to promptly detect non-compliance with standards and prevent the development of complications, and not so that the pregnant woman pronounces a verdict on herself and the baby.

Sometimes the mother herself does not comply with the requirements for preparation for diagnostic laboratory procedures. For example, they do not donate blood on an empty stomach, as doctors require, or they do not follow a diet on the eve of the tests, that is, they eat fatty and sweet foods, too spicy or fried. All this distorts the results of laboratory tests and causes false indicators.

In such a situation, you first need to calm down and discuss all the nuances with the doctor. If training violations occurred, then they must be reported. If the mother complied with all the requirements of pre-procedure preparation, then you need to discuss with the doctor the possible causes of deviations and ways to eliminate them.

The main thing is to undergo the prescribed tests in a timely manner and visit an obstetrician-gynecologist, because the health of the unborn child completely depends on the correct course of pregnancy. And finally... Do not try to interpret the research results yourself. Only a specialist can do this correctly. Without medical education, you can easily make a mistake in deciphering the results, which will cause unnecessary worries and worries that the expectant mother, and especially the child growing inside, has absolutely no need for.

Tests in the 1st week of pregnancy are an exciting process, and, basically, the main task is to make sure whether pregnancy has occurred or not. The first analysis that can be done at home is to do a pregnancy test. But, in the first week after fertilization, the test will not yet give a positive result, since the fertilized egg has not yet implanted in the uterine mucosa. Only after the egg is implanted does hCG begin to be released, and it is this hormone that indicates the onset of pregnancy. It is best to use a rapid test in the first week of a missed period.

The most reliable way to confirm the fact of pregnancy is a blood test for the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). In the first weeks, its concentration will be from zero to five honey/ml. In the future, depending on the growth of hCG, the most accurate period of pregnancy can be determined.

Ultrasound in the first week of pregnancy is ineffective as a diagnostic method. A woman may be referred for an ultrasound to rule out fibroids, cystic and tumor formations, and blood clots in the uterus.

If the pregnancy was planned, while waiting for its confirmation, you need to take care of colds and infections, refuse bad habits, medications, do not be nervous or overtired, take vitamin complexes.

Tests at 2 weeks of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers take tests at the 2nd week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

According to the analysis and survey data of the pregnant woman, an individual pregnancy management plan is drawn up, taking into account previous diseases and existing pathologies.

Tests at 3 weeks of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers undergo tests at the 3rd week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to establish the most accurate timing.

Ultrasound examination (if indicated, if pregnancy is planned) - to make sure that there are no cystic or tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, as well as to exclude other abnormalities of the reproductive system, as well as to exclude ectopic pregnancy.

If according to the data hCG pregnancy is confirmed, then appointments are issued for the following tests:

Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Testing for TORCH infections.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
It is also recommended to visit highly specialized doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 4 weeks of pregnancy

Many expectant mothers undergo tests at the 4th week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to establish the most accurate timing.
Ultrasound examination - to make sure that there are no cystic or tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, as well as to exclude other abnormalities
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Testing for TORCH infections.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out general, biochemical analysis, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
It is also recommended to visit highly specialized doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 5 weeks of pregnancy

Many mothers undergo tests at the 5th week of pregnancy simultaneously with registration at the antenatal clinic. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy and makes it possible to determine the timing.
Ultrasound examination. They are carried out to make sure that there are no cystic or tumor formations, blood clots in the uterine cavity, and also to exclude other abnormalities of the reproductive system. And most importantly, exclude ectopic pregnancy.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Testing for TORCH infections.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels, determining blood clotting.
Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
It is also recommended to visit highly specialized doctors - dentist, therapist, ENT doctor - to treat possible diseases and not complicate the course of pregnancy.

Tests at 6 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 6th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this stage, the expectant mother registering pregnancy in antenatal clinic, must carry out the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.

Analysis at 7 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 7th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Carrying out a pregnancy test at home (you can buy it at a pharmacy, the test is indicated if your period is 7-10 days late)
Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy.
Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 5 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure and weigh.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 8 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 8th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Carrying out a pregnancy test (you can buy it at a pharmacy, the test is indicated if your period is 7-10 days late)
Carrying out an hCG test (from the 7th day after the expected fertilization) - the presence of hCG in the blood confirms the fact of pregnancy.
Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 5 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure and weigh.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 9 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 9th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure and weigh.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 10 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 10th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure and weigh.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 11 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 11th week of pregnancy include a further visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother registering her pregnancy at the antenatal clinic must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 12 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 12th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 13 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 13th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW.
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 14 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 14th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out biochemical analysis, determining sugar and hemoglobin levels.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis, RW
Urine donation for general analysis and kidney function testing. An analysis that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear for microflora is prescribed - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 15 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 15th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Carrying out an ECG.
Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.

Tests at 16 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 16th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the first planned one, 12-14 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the gestational age, the number of fetuses, and to confirm the absence of physical abnormalities in the unborn child.
Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
Carrying out an ECG.
Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
Mandatory triple test– the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 17 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 17th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
Hormone analysis as prescribed by a doctor.
Analysis for the detection of urogenital infectious diseases according to a doctor’s indication.
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Carrying out general, biochemical analysis, determination of blood sugar.
Blood group and Rh test for pregnant women.
Test for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
A triple test is mandatory - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 18 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 18th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
Carrying out an ECG.
Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.

Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
A triple test is mandatory - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 19 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 19th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
Carrying out an ECG.
Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.

If at this time a woman is just registering, it is recommended:

Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
Determination of the blood group and Rh factor of a pregnant woman.
Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
A triple test is mandatory - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 20 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 20th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
Carrying out an ECG.
Carrying out a hormone test as prescribed by a doctor.
Conducting an analysis to detect urogenital infections as prescribed by a doctor.
If at this time a woman is just registering, it is recommended:
Taking a vaginal smear for microflora.
Conducting a general, biochemical blood test, determining blood sugar levels.
Determining the blood type and blood type of a pregnant woman.
Testing for AIDS (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis.
A triple test is mandatory - the indicators of this test will help to provide early information about severe chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. The analysis is carried out at 16-18 weeks from the first day of the last menstruation.

Tests at 21 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 21 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if consultation with these doctors has not been received previously or a course of sanitation is required).
Carrying out an ECG.

Tests at 22 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 22nd week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
Carrying out an ECG.
Donating blood for hormone analysis is carried out if there is a threat of miscarriage or the formation of intrauterine pathologies of the fetus.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 23 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 23rd week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
Carrying out an ECG.
Donating blood for hormone analysis is carried out if there is a threat of miscarriage or the formation of intrauterine pathologies of the fetus.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 24 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 24th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
Carrying out an ECG.

Tests at 25 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 25th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, confirm the absence of anomalies in the fetus, and assess the condition of the placenta and its attachment site.
Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist (if this was not done at week 24).
Carrying out an ECG.

Tests at 26 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 26th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, confirm the absence of anomalies in the fetus, and assess the condition of the placenta and its attachment site.
Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
Separately, consultation with related specialists is indicated - therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist.
Carrying out an ECG to assess the functioning of the cardiovascular system expectant mother.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 27 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 27th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the amount of amniotic fluid, confirm the absence of anomalies in the fetus, and assess the condition of the placenta and its attachment site.
Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 28 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 28th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and studies:

Ultrasound examination (carrying out the second planned one, 24-26 weeks after the 1st day of the last menstruation). They are carried out in order to obtain data on the height and weight of the fetus, its position and presentation, to have an idea of the amount of amniotic fluid, and to determine the sex of the unborn baby.
Donating blood for a clinical blood test to monitor hemoglobin levels.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 29 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 29th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a month. At term, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
A pregnant woman's urine sample for a general analysis and check of kidney function should be done before each visit to the antenatal clinic. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

If necessary, the expectant mother may be prescribed additional tests and consultation with a related specialist if the woman is bothered by complaints of malaise, weakness, etc.

Tests at 30 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 30th week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once every two weeks. At this time, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine delivery to a pregnant woman for general analysis and testing of kidney function. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

At the same time, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written results of all tests and examinations performed, if 30 weeks have passed since the first day of her last period. Based on this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the maternity hospital; it is better to always have it with her. Also during this period, maternity leave is issued for working women (or students) - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

Tests at 31 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 31 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once every two weeks. During this period, the expectant mother undergoes the following mandatory tests:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

Tests at 32 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 32nd week of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once every two weeks. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and tests carried out as prescribed by the doctor:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.

Tests at 33 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at the 33rd week of pregnancy must be taken systematically, without disrupting the schedule. You need to visit the doctor supervising your pregnancy once a week. At this time, upon visiting the antenatal clinic, the pregnant woman should undergo:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Carrying out Doppler ultrasound (as prescribed by a doctor) - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation at the baby's.
Carrying out cardiotocography (as prescribed by a doctor). This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at 34 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 34 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a week. During this period, the expectant mother must undergo the following mandatory tests and tests carried out as prescribed by the doctor:

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Carrying out Doppler ultrasound (as prescribed by a doctor) - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation in the baby.
Carrying out cardiotocography (as prescribed by a doctor). This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at 36 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 36 weeks of pregnancy include a visit to the doctor supervising the pregnancy once a week. During this period, the expectant mother undergoes the following mandatory tests:

Ultrasound examination. They are carried out in order to obtain data on the height and weight of the fetus, its position and presentation, and to have an idea of the amount of amniotic fluid.
Donating blood for AIDS (HIV) and syphilis. This is necessary to eliminate the possibility of infection during pregnancy and to protect the unborn child.
Donating blood for biochemistry. This makes it possible to get an overall picture of the pregnant woman’s health.
Submission of a vaginal smear to determine the microflora of the vaginal mucosa.
Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
Carrying out Doppler ultrasound (as prescribed by a doctor) - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation in the baby.
Carrying out cardiotocography (as prescribed by a doctor). This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Also, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written results of all tests and examinations performed, if 30 weeks have passed since the first day of her last period. Based on this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the maternity hospital; it is better to always have it with her. Also at this time, maternity leave is issued - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

Tests at 37 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 37 weeks of pregnancy include several stages. At this stage, the baby is almost fully formed and viable. At this stage, tests are aimed at monitoring the condition of the mother and fetus, preventing the development of anemia in the mother and oxygen starvation in the baby. If necessary, hospitalization of the expectant mother before the onset of labor is indicated.

At the 37th week of pregnancy, a pregnant woman should undergo the following tests:

Consultation with a doctor supervising pregnancy once a week with mandatory measurement of blood pressure, fundal height of the uterus, weighing, and auscultation of the fetal heart rate.
Urine donation for general analysis and testing of kidney function.
Submission of a vaginal smear - to analyze the microflora of the vaginal mucosa in anticipation of childbirth.
Carrying out Doppler sonography - to assess the condition of the vessels of the uterine body, blood circulation of the placenta and fetus. This is necessary for the timely detection of intrauterine oxygen starvation in the baby.
Carrying out cardiotocography (as indicated by a doctor) - assessing and recording the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions.

Also, at week 37, the expectant mother should receive an exchange card with the written results of all tests and examinations performed. Based on this document, the expectant mother will be admitted to the maternity hospital; it is better to always have it with her. Also at this time, maternity leave is issued - 30 weeks after the start of the last menstruation.

Measure blood pressure, weigh, measure the height of the uterine fundus, listen to the fetal heart rate.
The expectant mother must submit urine for a general analysis. A urine test that does not contain protein, sugar, or leukocytes can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.
Do a Doppler ultrasound to assess the condition of the uterine vessels, placental circulation and fetal blood flow. This is necessary in order to prevent the development of oxygen starvation in the fetus.
Carry out cardiotocography. This study assesses the synchrony of uterine contractions and fetal heartbeats.

Tests at the 39th week of pregnancy should not be skipped; this is the easiest and most harmless way to monitor the condition of the unborn child and mother.

A pregnant woman should undergo a general urine test to exclude the possibility of inflammation, kidney dysfunction and not to miss such a serious condition as late toxicosis, which is very dangerous for the health of the baby and mother. A urine test that does not contain protein or leukocyte sugar can be considered normal. If leukocytes are detected in the urine, an additional vaginal smear is prescribed for microflora - this makes it possible to identify the pathogen and prescribe an effective and gentle treatment.

A general blood test is also required to monitor changes in the percentage of formed elements, specifically red blood cells, so as not to miss anemia, which provokes oxygen deficiency in the fetus.

Blood pressure measurements and a cardiogram of a pregnant woman’s heart are also mandatory tests. Also, as prescribed by the obstetrician-gynecologist supervising the pregnancy, a test for hepatitis B and C and a bacteriological smear of vaginal discharge may be prescribed.

Tests at 40 weeks of pregnancy

Tests at 40 weeks of pregnancy are prescribed according to individual indications. At 40 weeks, the future baby is ready for childbirth, its weight is 3-3.5 kg, and its height reaches fifty to fifty-five centimeters. The baby is quite active at this stage; his back, legs, arms, and head can be felt. The position of the child in the uterine cavity is very clearly visible.

You only need to visit a doctor who supervises your pregnancy once a week. The examination includes standard procedures - the pregnant woman must weigh herself, measure her blood pressure, the doctor measures the height of the uterus, listens to and records the fetal heartbeat. Before visiting a doctor, you also need to take a urine sample for a general analysis to assess the condition of the excretory system and evaluate kidney function.

Doppler sonography is performed only if there is a suspicion of post-term pregnancy. Using this method, information is obtained about the state of blood circulation in the uterus, about the blood flow of the placenta and the blood flow of the unborn child, and most importantly, in this way you can find out whether the fetus is suffering from oxygen starvation.

Cardiotocography is also carried out according to indications if there is a suspicion of postmaturity. Using this method, the condition of the unborn child is also assessed in order to exclude oxygen starvation.

If you are just planning a pregnancy, you should know that while carrying a baby you will have a lot of trouble with examinations. There is no escape from this process. Every pregnant woman, when registered at the antenatal clinic, is given directions for a variety of tests. Some studies will even be repeated over nine months. And no matter how much you would like to spend energy and patience on taking these tests, you should not refuse it. Thanks to the results of laboratory tests, you will be able to find out whether your pregnancy is progressing normally, and if any problems arise, resolve them quickly.

Tests before pregnancy

There are several tests that are still worth taking. At this time, it is very important to examine the body for the presence of TORCH infections, which are dangerous for the normal intrauterine development of the child. This is toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus. As you have already understood, timely detection of these diseases will allow you to quickly get rid of them.

For example, in France, a marriage is not registered if a woman cannot document that she has been vaccinated against rubella. This is such a dangerous infection that if you contract it while pregnant, it is recommended to terminate the pregnancy. Such extreme measures are resorted to because rubella always leads to severe fetal defects during its development. Even if a woman has had rubella before, it is worth re-donating blood using the ELISA method, which determines the amount of antibodies to this disease. Also, two months before the planned pregnancy, you need to do a smear test for the presence of sexually transmitted infections.

Tests during pregnancy:

There are many more tests required during pregnancy. Below you can find out what kind of examinations you need to undergo and why.

- blood group and Rh factor testing

It is carried out twice - at the beginning of pregnancy and shortly before childbirth. It is clear that pregnancy does not affect blood type and Rh factor, which remain unchanged. But it happens that the first examination is done without correctly determining the blood type or Rh factor, and doctors play it safe in case of a blood transfusion, if necessary. This study is of particular importance when the expectant father has a positive Rh factor, and the expectant mother has a negative Rh factor.

- blood test for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C

Such an analysis needs to be carried out to determine the woman’s risk of developing these infections. If the body is infected, it cannot be treated during pregnancy. This applies to both syphilis and HIV infection. However, to reduce the risk of having an infected child, doctors use drug prevention methods.

- general blood test

This is usually done once every two months. Despite the simplicity of the study, it is very important because of its information content. Thanks to the indicators of red blood cells and hemoglobin levels, which are given by a general blood test, a qualified doctor makes an opinion about the condition of the woman’s body. If she has anemia, which is not uncommon for pregnant women, it needs to be corrected in time with the help of iron supplements and diet. A general blood test will also show an exacerbation of a chronic disease if a woman has one.

- general urine analysis

It's kind of. It shows whether the organs of the urinary system are functioning normally. After all, before pregnancy, kidney disease, if present, might not have been detected. The analysis will also show whether there is protein in the urine, which in turn indicates the onset of gestosis and its severity. (Preeclampsia is a complication of a normal pregnancy, characterized by a disorder of a number of organs and systems of the body).

- biochemical blood test

Shows the work of various organs - the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys. For example, from the level of glucose in the blood that the analysis gives, one can judge the work of that part of the pancreas that produces the hormone insulin, which is necessary for normal glucose metabolism in the body.

- Ultrasound

Usually carried out three times at 10-12, 20-22 and 30-32 weeks of pregnancy. Thanks to , the doctor can assess the location of the fetus, blood flow and condition of the placenta, the general condition of the child and his internal organs. The first ultrasound is necessary to determine whether the fetus is actually developing. The second is to identify possible developmental defects and determine the sex of the unborn baby. Third, to assess the child’s growth rate, the amount of amniotic fluid, and possible delay in the child’s development.

If the results of this study reveal the presence of an intrauterine infection or there is a suspicion of fetal malformations, the doctor will prescribe additional studies.

- smear to examine the flora of the vagina, cervical canal and urethra

Using this analysis, the gynecologist monitors the condition birth canal in a woman. The results will show whether there is any infection in them. In this case, the obstetrician-gynecologist usually recommends doing a test for the presence of urogenital infections, and if they are present, prescribes treatment. In addition, very often pregnant women are bothered by vaginal candidiasis (thrush). As is known, it occurs due to changes in the state of the vaginal microflora, hormonal levels, weakened immunity. A smear will make it possible to make a diagnosis in a timely manner and resort to treatment.

Expectant mothers are often afraid to have a smear test, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. Experts assure - it’s not worth it, even at early it's not dangerous. The mucus plug in the cervix protects the fetus from environmental influences. In addition, the smear is carefully taken with a special swab or brush. This cannot cause a miscarriage. Triple test

A screening study to exclude chromosomal diseases in the fetus. The test includes the following indicators:

alpha-fetoprotein - shows the condition of the fetus, its kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, permeability of the placental barrier;
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - shows whether a woman is pregnant with twins and whether the gestational age has been calculated correctly;
free estriol - shows the concentration of the female sex hormone (estriol).

- coagulogram

Checking blood for clotting. The fact is that during pregnancy, changes can occur in the coagulation system. If the study determines deviations from the norm, there is a possibility of some forms of miscarriage and complications during childbirth.

- cordocentesis, amniocentesis

Doctors prescribe this test in exceptional cases when previous diagnostic methods have not clarified the situation, because this test is a serious intervention in the process of bearing a child. It boils down to the fact that with the help of a special needle, fetal material (cells of the placenta, amniotic fluid, etc.) is removed from the uterine cavity, which is examined.

Rules for taking tests:

- what about blood?

It must be taken in the morning on an empty stomach, but drinking is not prohibited - drinking does not affect the results. You need to donate blood in the morning, when its indicators have not yet changed.

Most often, blood is taken from a vein, which is convenient, accurate, and informative. In laboratories today, vacutainers are used for this - disposable systems. The advantages of this system over a syringe and tube are that there is no need to take excess blood and it is not damaged during collection. This gives a more accurate result. But not all laboratories use vacutainers.

In many medical institutions, blood for general analysis is still taken from a finger. As you know, this is painful, and you should know that there is modern equipment that allows you to get the same result from material taken from a vein. This is what they do in modern laboratories.

- what about urine?

The material (urine) is usually collected at home with the first bowel movement in the morning. Before doing this, prepare the container (a well-washed jar of baby food, but you can also buy a urine container at the pharmacy). Also, before taking the test, it is necessary to thoroughly wash the external genitalia in the shower with soap. Excretions from them should not get into the urine. After this, in a place convenient for you (toilet, bathroom), collect no more than 100-150 ml of an average portion of urine into a container. Close the container tightly with a lid and hand it over to the nurse in the laboratory, not forgetting to sign your name and surname.

As for the smear, it is taken during a gynecological examination and does not require prior preparation from the patient.

Especially for- Olga Pavlova

When registering for pregnancy, a woman is carefully monitored, during which the course of pregnancy and the risk of pregnancy are assessed. possible complications and the likelihood of their occurrence, the growth and development of the fetus, and, of course, the condition of the expectant mother herself. To do this, the pregnant woman undergoes a mandatory examination, which includes a fairly wide range of laboratory tests.

List of tests by trimester of pregnancy

According to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 572 dated November 1, 2012, the basic range of examination of pregnant women includes:

1st trimester

(from the moment of fertilization to 14 weeks)

general analysis of urine and blood;
blood type and Rh factor (if Rh is negative, the husband also donates blood for the same type and Rh factor);
biochemical blood test (total protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total cholesterol);
coagulogram or blood clotting (fibrinogen, platelets, platelet aggregation, clotting time, bleeding time, prothrombin index, APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time);
blood for syphilis (RW reaction);
blood for HIV infection and viral hepatitis (B and C);
smear from the vagina and cervix for microflora (fungi and gonococci) and cytological examination;
examination for sexually transmitted infections (according to indications): chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and others;
double test (at 11-14 weeks): determination of plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and beta-hCG to exclude severe malformations (Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome);
blood for rubella and toxoplasmosis (detection of type M and G antibodies).

2nd trimester

The need for laboratory tests

General analysis of blood and urine (CBC and UAM)

IN general analysis blood is determined by the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, which are necessary for the transfer of oxygen. The CBC also examines the number of leukocytes and ESR, which are normally slightly increased during pregnancy. Platelets are involved in blood clotting; their determination during pregnancy is also necessary.

In OAM, the content of leukocytes, the presence/absence of protein, the density and reaction of urine and the presence of pathological structures and substances (casts, bacteria, glucose and others) are studied. OAM is the most often taken test, which helps to suspect or determine the pathology of pregnancy (it is taken at each appointment).

Blood type and Rh factor

Blood group and Rh factor are necessary in case of emergency blood transfusion due to bleeding (for example, placenta previa); in case of negative Rh, a blood group and Rh factor test is necessary to exclude or treat Rh conflict.

Considering the increased load during gestation on all organs of a pregnant woman, a LBC is taken twice during the entire pregnancy (more often if indicated), which allows you to evaluate the functioning of the internal organs.

Blood for syphilis, viral hepatitis and HIV infection

The study is carried out three times during pregnancy and allows us to identify the listed infections, the presence of which adversely affects the development of the fetus, as well as the condition of the woman during pregnancy.

Smear for microflora and cytology from the cervix and vagina

Microflora smears are taken three times during pregnancy and allow you to identify colpitis, cervicitis, which can provoke infection of the membranes and fetus. Cytological examination excludes precancerous and cancerous processes of the cervix.

Antibodies of the IgM and IgG class to the listed infections are determined and make it possible to identify acquired immunity or its absence, as well as an acute process, the presence of which is unfavorable for the fetus.

Indicators of the blood coagulation system during pregnancy are slightly increased; analysis of the coagulogram allows one to identify the threat of thrombosis in a woman, termination of pregnancy and premature birth. Also, a blood clotting study is necessary to confirm gestosis and its treatment.

Double and triple test

It is carried out to determine the degree of risk of congenital pathology of the fetus and chromosomal disorders.

Deviations from the norm

in the case of low hemoglobin and red blood cells in the CBC they speak of anemia,
with a significant increase in leukocytes and ESR, an inflammatory process in the pregnant woman’s body is suspected,
an increase in eosinophils - allergies or helminthic infestations,
with a decrease or increase in platelets - a violation of the blood coagulation system or gestosis.

the detection of leukocytes and bacteria casts in the TAM indicates inflammation of the urinary system,
the presence of protein makes one think, first of all, about gestosis.

Read more about urine analysis during pregnancy in our separate article.

Blood type and Rh factor

If a pregnant woman is determined to have a negative Rh factor, and her husband is positive, then she donates blood monthly, and after 30 weeks, every 14 days to check the titer of anti-Rh antibodies. Their appearance, and, moreover, an increase in dynamics, indicates a Rh conflict.

Biochemical blood test

an increase in liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin indicates liver pathology and/or gestosis,
an increase in blood glucose may indicate the development of gestational diabetes mellitus,
An increase in urea and creatinine indicates a disorder of the urinary system or gestosis.

Coagulogram

An increase in blood clotting rates and a decrease in bleeding time indicates a disorder of the coagulation system, which is observed in autoimmune diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome and gestosis and threatens the development of a coagulogram.

thrombosis and termination of pregnancy.

Wasserman reaction (RW), blood for HIV infection and hepatitis

Positive tests for HIV infection and syphilis, as well as the detection of antigens to viral hepatitis (HBs antigen), indicate infection of the pregnant woman and threaten the condition of the fetus (preventive courses of treatment for fetoplacental insufficiency are prescribed).

Smear on the microflora of the vagina and cervix

The detection of pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microflora (in significant quantities) indicates colpitis, which is fraught with inflammation of the amniotic membranes, the development of chorioamnionitis and intrauterine infection of the embryo/fetus.

According to indications, additional tests are prescribed to detect sexually transmitted infections.

Blood for rubella, toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus

when antibodies are detected, class Coagulogram
and G and the absence of class M antibodies to the listed infections indicates a previous infection and the presence of immunity,
detection of class M immunoglobulins is a sign of an acute process,
the absence of antibodies of both classes means that the pregnant woman has not encountered the causative agents of these infectious diseases and has no immunity to them.

Double and triple test

An increase in double and triple test rates indicates a high risk of chromosomal diseases in the fetus (in particular, Down syndrome) and intrauterine malformations of the fetus. But an increase/decrease in indicators cannot be ruled out in various conditions of the pregnant woman (multiple pregnancy, acute infectious disease, hormonal disorders, low or overweight and others).

If chromosomal pathologies are suspected and birth defects development of the fetus, the pregnant woman is prescribed further prenatal diagnostics (thorough ultrasound, amniocentesis and cordocentesis, genetic consultation).

Some studies during pregnancy