Speech games
The formation of the child's verbal speech begins when the movements of the fingers reach sufficient accuracy. The development of digital motor skills sets the stage for the subsequent formation of speech. Since there is a close relationship and interdependence of speech and motor activity, in the presence of a speech defect in a child Special attention it is necessary to turn to the training of his fingers.
The research results of L.V. Antakova-Fomina show that the level of speech development in children is always directly dependent on the degree of development of fine movements of the fingers, but it does not always coincide with the level of development of general motor skills. and labor skills.
The number of dethose with minimal brain dysfunction (30% of the total) which are are caused by disorders of speech, thinking, changes in the qualities of the psyche. A certain role in their occurrencedysfunctions of functional asymmetry of the cortex paintheir cerebral hemispheresand interhemispheric interaction.
Kinesiological exercises improve attention and memory, shape spatial representations... Classes are aimed at overcoming pathological synkinesis, eliminate maladjustment in the learning process, and harmonize the work of the brain. Perform all exercises, gradually increasing the time and complexity.
COMPLEX No. 1
1. Tap the table with a relaxed right hand and then left hand.
2. Turn your right hand on the edge, bend your fingers into a fist, straighten, put your hand on the palm of your hand. Do the same with your left hand.
3. Call. Resting your palms on the table, bend your elbows. Shake one by one with the brushes.
4. House. Connect the terminal phalanges of the straightened fingers. Fingers right hand press firmly on the fingers with the left, then vice versa. Practice these movements for each pair of fingers separately.
5. Tap each finger of your right hand on the table to the count "1, 1-2, 1-2-3, etc."
6. Place the forearm of your right hand on the table. Using your index and middle fingers, grasp the pencil from the table, lift and lower it. Do the same with your left hand.
7. Roll a small ball of plasticine on the board one by one with the fingers of your right hand, then your left.
8. Rotate the pencil first between the fingers of the right hand, then the left (between thumb and forefinger; index and middle; middle and ring; ring and little fingers; then in the opposite direction).
9. Secure your forearm to the table. Take the matches from the box on the table with the fingers of your right hand and fold them side by side without moving your hand. Then put them back in the box. Do the same with your left hand.
COMPLEX No. 2
1. Sit on the floor in Turkish style, put your hands on the diaphragm. Raising your arms up, inhale, lowering your arms - exhale.
2. Snowman. Standing. Imagine that you are a newly built snowman. The body should be tense like frozen snow. Spring came, the sun warmed up and the snowman began to melt. First, the head “melts” and hangs, then the shoulders drop, the arms relax, and so on. At the end of the exercise, gently fall to the floor and lie like a pool of water.
3. Sitting, bend your elbows, squeeze and unclench your hands, gradually increasing your pace. Perform until the brushes are as tired as possible. Then relax your hands and shake.
4. Free eye movements from side to side, rotation.
5. Faces. Perform various facial movements: puff out your cheeks, put out your tongue, stretch your lips with a tube, open your mouth wide.
6. Stroking your face: place your palms on your forehead, as you exhale, slide them with light pressure down to the chin. As you inhale, move your hands from your forehead through the crown of your head to the back of your head, from the back of your head to your neck.
7. Stretch your arms out in front of you, bend your hands up and down. Then rotate both hands clockwise and counterclockwise (first unidirectional, then multidirectional), bring the fingers of both hands together and apart. Try opening and closing your mouth with hand movements at the same time.
8. Make slow bends of the head to the shoulders and "nodding" movements back and forth. Then make circular movements with your head in one direction, then in the other.
9. Make circular movements with your shoulders back and forth and shrug.
10. Pick up a ball or toy. At the command of the leader, lift him up, right, left, down.
COMPLEX No. 3
1. Holding your breath... Take a deep breath and hold your breath for as long as possible. You can enter a competition element in a group.
2. Wood. Squatting. Hide your head in your knees, wrap your hands around your knees. This is a seed that gradually sprouts and turns into a tree. Slowly rise to your feet, then straighten your torso, stretch your arms up. Tighten your body and pull it up. The wind has blown: swing the body, imitating a tree.
3. Inside-outside. Lying on your back. Close your eyes, listen to the sounds around you (traffic noise outside the window, breathing of others, etc.). Bring your attention to your body and listen to it (your own breathing, heartbeat, sensation of body posture, etc.). Switch your attention to external noises and internal sensations several times.
4. Follow the contour of an imaginary figure (circle, triangle, square) or numbers with your eyes.
5. Move your jaw in different directions.
6. Self-massage of the auricles: squeeze the earlobe with your thumb and forefinger, knead the conch from the bottom up and back. Pull the auricles down, to the side, and up.
7. Try rolling nuts or balls at first. each palm and then between the fingers
8. Exercise in pairs: stand opposite each other, touch your partner's palms with your palms. Make movements similar to a bicycle.
9. Standing on all fours, imitate the cat's stretching: while inhaling, bend your back, lifting your head up; as you exhale, arch your back, lowering your head.
10. Jump at the command of the leader forward, backward, right, left a certain number of times.
COMPLEX No. 4
1. While standing, lower your arms, take a quick breath, drawing your arms to your armpits, palms up. Then, exhaling slowly, lower your arms along your body, palms down.
2. Flight. Standing. Make several strong waves with your arms, spreading them to the sides. Close your eyes, imagine that you are flying, flapping your wings.
3. As you run around the room, wave your arms and shout loudly. On command, stop and relax. Can be done while sitting or lying on the floor, swinging arms and legs.
4. Lying on your back. Move a bright object at arm's length in front of your eyes. Follow the object with your eyes without moving your head.
5. Practice tongue movements such as clicking, clicking, and whistling. Then follow the sequence: two clicks, two claps, two whistles, etc.
6. With your right hand, massage your left hand from the elbow to the wrist and back. Then from shoulder to elbow and back. Do the same movement with the other hand.
7. Place your palm against the table surface. First in order, and then randomly raise your fingers one at a time and call them.
8. Get on all fours and crawl without touching the placed objects on the floor. Place your hands crosswise. Combine the movements of the tongue with the movements of the hands: first, the tongue moves behind the hand, then in the opposite direction.
9. Sitting on the floor, stretch your legs in front of you. Move the toes of both feet, slowly bending and straightening them, first together, then alternately. Add synchronized hand movements.
10. Treasure. V a toy or candy is hiding in the room. Find it, focusing on the facilitator's commands, for example: “Take two steps forward, one to the right, etc.”.
Apparatus and speech
Snowflake in the palm
Put a piece of cotton wool on the child's palm, ask the child to imagine that it is a snowflake, ask to blow it away. Complicating the task, put a few pieces of cotton wool, scraps of paper, a small button, etc. The game contributes to the development of the articulatory apparatus, imagination.
Water bubbles
You will need: a cocktail straw, a container of water. Teach your child to blow into a straw with one end in water. The resulting bubbles can be caught with your hand or a strainer. Suggest changing the intensity of blowing: blowing strongly, weaker, very weak. Fix the baby's attention on what kind of bubbles are produced at the same time. The game promotes the development of the articulatory apparatus, introduces the properties of the substance.
Goal!
Make an arch (gate) on the table from cubes or a constructor. Put in front
baby a cotton ball or feather, offer to "blow" it into the gate. The game promotes the development of the articulatory apparatus.
Whisper of the wind
Hang in the interior opening paper strips... Ask your baby to be in the wind and blow on them. "Strong wind! The wind died down. Weak breeze. And now a hurricane! "
From the trampling of hooves ...
Teach your child to click their tongue to imitate the clatter of hooves. Ask to show how a small foal gallops (click quickly and weakly), an adult horse (clearly and slowly). The game promotes the development of the articulatory apparatus.
Motorcycle or KamAZ
Invite your child to depict how a motorcycle engine works, then a car, a truck. Paying attention to how the volume, timbre, intonation of the voice change. The game promotes the development of the articulatory apparatus.
Charging for the tongue
Tell the kid a fairy tale, repeat with him all the described actions: “Once upon a time there was a small tongue. What was the name of his house? That's right, mouth. As in any house, there was a ceiling, floor and walls. Check with your tongue that everything is in place in your mouth (touch the upper palate, cheeks with your tongue). And the doors in his house were strong, strong, guess what kind of door it is, of course, teeth. Show me the doors of your house. When the tongue wanted to go out, it opened its doors slightly, protruded slightly, then hid again and so on several times. Emboldened, he went out, looked to the right, left, up, down, then he did it faster, even faster. Once the tongue saw a saucer of milk, and he was very fond of milk, licked his lips and decided to drink it. At first he drank from a saucer, like from a cup (having made his lips a tube, suck in air), but it was inconvenient. Then he began to drink like cats do. After drinking all the milk, he licked his lips again and went home, but before that he washed his doors (run your tongue along the outside and inside of the teeth). " The game promotes the development of the articulatory apparatus.
Tour of the house
Show the baby the doll. Tell that the doll Lyuba is tired of living
in his dollhouse, she wants to go on a trip
throughout the apartment. Invite your child to show Lyuba everything that
you have at home, name each thing and tell why
she is needed. The doll Luba, of course, will be curious
a girl and will ask a lot of questions. You can play
stretch for several days.
Near, in front, around
You will need: several toys.
Invite your baby to ride the "bus". Let him choose for himself
comfortable spot. Place toys around the child. Go.
“The one who sits behind you is wondering what it will be like now.
stop? Look who is asking this? " Together with the baby
come up with names for stops or remember those familiar to him.
“The one who sits next to you wants to know where this
bus? Who is sitting next to you? " etc.
objects in space, the development of speech, imagination.
Accommodating guests
The doll has a birthday. She invited guests, cooked
a treat. Now we need to think about how to place
invited for festive table... Reason with
a child: "A bunny cannot be planted next to a wolf, he will
offend the bunny, let's put him next to the cockerel, after all, they
are friends, do you remember the tale "Zayushkin's hut", where the rooster saved
a hare from a fox? And we will place the wolf between the fox and the bear,
they are all predators. The chicken will sit next to its mother -
hens, and the hen is next to the rooster. On one side of the rooster
there will be a hare, and on the other - a chicken, etc. ”. Repeat one more time
the order of placement. Upon the arrival of guests, entrust the baby
plant them correctly.
The game promotes the development of ideas about location
objects in space, speech, attention.
The doll is sleeping
You will need: a doll or soft toy... Lay down the doll
sleep. Let your baby shake her in his arms, sing
lullaby, put in a crib and cover with a blanket. Explain
to the child that while the doll is sleeping, you will speak in a whisper,
so as not to wake her up. Talk about something with a crumb,
ask him questions, ask him to tell him something (all
this is done in a whisper). Do not drag out the game, the baby may
quickly get bored with this kind of communication. Announce that it's time for the doll
get up. "Now we can talk loudly!"
The game promotes the development of speech and hearing.
What does our doll like?
You will need: a doll or a soft toy. “Let's ask
our doll, what she loves to do. " "The doll that you love
make?". With the voice of the doll, tell in short sentences about
her favorite hobbies: “I love to play. I like running. I love
eat". Now it's the doll's turn to ask what she likes to do
your child. Help him with the same simple sentences
talk about your activities. In the future, ask the baby
talk about what mom, dad, grandmother and
etc.
The game promotes the development of speech, imagination.
Finish the word
Ask your child to complete the word you give him.
For example: dor- (ha), shop- (zin), bell (), etc. If
it is difficult for a child to navigate, point to an object,
which you call. Taking a doll in your hands, say: "Doll- (la)",
cube - "Ku- (bik), etc.
The game promotes the development of speech, memory, attention.
Repeat after me
Invite your child to repeat the rhymed lines after you:
The bird flew in, sang a song for me. The girl woke up
stretched sweetly.
The sun sits down, Masha goes to bed, etc. After
multiple repetitions, pause before the last word,
even when reading new rhymes:
The little bunny doesn't read ... (books).
An apple or a plate?
Ask your child questions, warning him that you can
be wrong.
Are apple and pear vegetables?
Are the spoon and plate utensils?
Are shorts and a T-shirt furniture?
Are chamomile and dandelion trees? Complicate tasks
naming subjects from different thematic groups:
Are tomato and orange vegetables?
Are the spoon and wood dishes? Etc.
My phone rang
Play Talk on the Phone with your baby. Role of the phone
can perform any objects: cubes, sticks, parts from
constructor, etc. Imitate the phone ringing in turn.
Talk to your child from your own perspective, asking him simple
questions: “What is your name? How old are you? What's your name
favorite toy? What do you play?" etc. Swap roles:
you are a child, baby is a dad or mom. Speak on behalf of
toys, animals. Construct the dialogue in such a way that the answer
the child was not limited to the words "Yes" and "No". Describe
various items, things, products, etc.
The game promotes the development of speech, replenishment of the vocabulary
stock.
What do we see in the yard?
Look out the window with your child. Play the Who
will see more. " List in turn what is visible from
your window. Describe everything you saw in detail. For example me
I see a tree. It has green leaves, which means it's summer.
It is tall and thick, it has many branches and twigs, etc. "
If the child finds it difficult to describe the object, help him
leading questions. “Did you see the house? Is it tall or short?
Does it have many or few windows? Is it brick or wood? AND
etc. ". The game promotes the development of observation,
attention, vocabulary replenishment. What did we see yesterday?
Remember with the baby where you were yesterday, what you did,
whom they met, what they talked about. Fix your attention on
details. “Have you played with Sasha? What did you play? What colour
did Sasha have a bucket? And the little scoop? The game promotes development
memory, attention, observation, vocabulary replenishment
stock. What are we going to do tomorrow?
Invite your baby to come up with some important business for
tomorrow: count the park benches, visit,
come up with a fairy tale for Masha's doll, etc. In the morning of the next day
ask: does the baby remember what you wanted
do today. Try to think of such things,
the execution of which cannot be postponed or canceled. Or
discuss in advance the circumstances that may violate
your plans, for example: “We will go to the sandbox if there is no
rain ".
The game develops planning skills, memory, speech of the child.
Who was who
You will need: pictures with images of adult animals and
their cubs. Does your baby know that the names of the cubs
often differ from the names of adult animals. Consider
pictures, asking the crumbs questions about who is depicted on them.
Read the poem by A. Shibaev:
Who becomes who
Once upon a time there was a little puppy.
He grew up, however,
And now he is not a puppy -
Adult ... (dog).
Foal - every day
He grew up and became ... (a horse).
Bull, mighty giant,
As a child, I was ... (a calf).
Fat goof ram -
plump ... (lamb).
This important cat is fluff -
Little ... (kitten).
And the brave cockerel -
Cro-o-hot ... (chicken).
And from the little goslings
Growing up ... ducks -
Especially for the guys
Those who love jokes.
The game promotes the development of speech.
Who's there?
Invite your child to play the Who Came? Game. Go out for
door, knock: "Knock-knock-knock" - "Who is there?" Depict
any animal. For example:
“It's me, the cow. Moo-oo-oo ". “Come in, cow. Hello cow.
Where are you, cow, coming from? " Swap roles with your child
alternately represent different animals, people, fabulous
characters. Try to dialogue with simple questions and
answers.
The game promotes the development of imagination, speech skills.
Hedgehog - father, hedgehog - mother
Depict different animals, while humming or
sentence:
If dad is a gray elephant
mommy is an elephant!
And the child, and the child -
Little elephant!
If dad is a prickly hedgehog
Mom is a hedgehog.
And the prickly boy
They call all the hedgehog.
If a horse is a dad,
Mom will be a horse.
Do you know that their child -
A swift foal.
Everyone knows for sure
Almost from the cradle:
Son of a cow and a bull -
Little calf.
The game promotes the development of speech, introduces the basics
the formation of nouns.
The hedgehog walked
Come up with short funny poems with your baby,
which will expand his knowledge, for example:
The hedgehog walked through the forest, walked
And I found one fungus.
Sat down, ate
And then he went.
This lists everything that can be found in the forest, in the garden, on
garden, as well as any other items that can be named
baby. You can insert the name of the crumbs into the rhyme - for children this is very
Like:
Misha walked, walked, walked,
Found the TV.
Sat down, looked
And then he went.
Nastya walked, walked, walked,
I found the scallop.
Combed her hair
And then she went, etc.
The game promotes the development of speech, introduces the functional
the appointment of items.
Everything is so different!
Ask your baby questions, encouraging him to answer:
The pillow is soft and the table is ... (hard);
The snow is white, and the ground ... (black);
The elephant is big, and the mouse ... (small), etc.
The game promotes the development of speech, attention.
Articulation games
Static articulation games
Game "Tongue on the bench"
Target games: develop the child's articulation,
Stroke games. The adult asks the child to stick out his tongue and put it on the lower lip. You can do it like this: "Pull out the tongue, let him take a walk, sit on the bench." It is important to ensure that the tongue does not tremble. Let the child hold the tongue in this position for 10-15 seconds.
Game "Tongue-Cup"
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. An adult asks the child to open his mouth wide, and raise his tongue up so that its front and side edges curl up, reach for the upper teeth, but do not touch them: “Open your mouth wide and wide, and raise your tongue like this (an adult shows the child how have to do)". The kid should try to keep the tongue in this position for 10 seconds.
Tongue stretching game
Target games: develop articulation,
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. The adult asks the child to stick out his tongue far forward, to make it narrow and thin. "The tongue slept for a long time, let it stretch, stick it out like this (an adult shows the child how to do it)." Let the baby hold his tongue in this position for 10 seconds.
Game "Bridge"
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. An adult asks the child to open his mouth, and press the lateral edges of the tongue against the upper molars, resting the tip of the tongue against the lower front teeth, and arching the back. Actions can be accompanied by the words: "The tongue is too late for something, let him work out a little (an adult shows the child how to do it)." The kid must hold the tongue in this position for 15 s.
Blow through a straw game
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. The adult asks the child to stick out his tongue, bending the side edges up and blow through the resulting tube. Actions can be accompanied by the words: “Let's depict the wind, only we will not just blow, but in a special way, like this (an adult shows the child how to do it). Perform at a slow pace 10-15 times.
Dynamic articulation games
Game "Clock"
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. An adult asks the child to reach out with his tongue to the right or to the left corner of the mouth: "Let's see how the clock goes, repeat after me." The tongue must be moved at a slow pace under the count, performed 15 times.
Up and Down Game
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. The adult asks the child to stick out his tongue and stretch it alternately, then to the nose, then to the chin. Actions can be accompanied by the words: “Do you like to swing on a swing? Let the tongue wobble too, like that. " Run 10 times.
The game "How delicious"
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. The adult asks the child to stick out his tongue and lick first upper lip, then the bottom. Actions can be accompanied by the words: “Imagine that you just ate the jam. Tasty? Show how delicious it is (an adult shows a child how to do it). " Repeat 10-15 times.
The game "hide and seek"
Target games: develop articulation.
Equipment. No special equipment is required.
Stroke games. An adult asks the child to open his mouth wide and stick out his tongue forward, and then stick it out and remove it: “Do you know that the tongue loves to play hide and seek? (an adult shows the child how to do it) ". Move your tongue at a slow pace 10-15 times.
Roller game
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. The adult asks the child to rest the tip of the tongue against the lower front teeth, and press the lateral edges of the tongue against the upper molars. The kid should "roll out" the tongue forward and take it deep into the mouth. Unlike the previous exercise, the tongue in the form of a roller moves back and forth. Repeat 10-15 times.
Tongue-tassel game
Target games: develop articulation,
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. The adult asks the child to open his mouth wide and hold the tip of his tonguefromupper incisors to the soft palate, then from the right molarsteethto the left:"Ayouyou know,whatyou can work with the tongue like a brush (an adult shows a child how to do it). " Perform for 10-15 seconds.
Game "How the horse rides"
Target games: develop articulation,
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Strokegames. The adult asks the child to click slowly and forcefully with his tongue. Actions can be accompanied by the words:"Ado you remember how the horse rides? Clink-clink. Let's do it together. " Run 10-15 times.
The game "How the mushroom grows"
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. An adult invites the child to touch his tongue to the palate and hold it in this position for 5-10 seconds. Actions can be accompanied by the words: “Do you know how mushrooms grow? No? Touch the tip of your tongue to the palate, like this, and now gently lower your chin. " You need to perform with springy movements, while lowering the chin down.
Blow off the snowflake game
Target games: develop articulation, teach the child to direct an air stream in the middle of the tongue.
Equipment: a piece of cotton wool.
Stroke games. The adult invites the child to stick out his tongue forward and raise it in such a way as if he wanted to reach the nose. On the nose of the child, you need to carefully put a piece of cotton wool. Actions can be accompanied by the words: “Let's play. Imagine that a snowflake has fallen on your nose, blow it off (an adult shows the child how to do it). " The adult should make sure that the exhalation is carried out on the tongue and not on the lips.
Game "Draw a turkey"
Target games: develop articulation
Hardware: no special hardware required
Stroke games. The adult invites the child to open his mouth and hold the front edge of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, without lifting the tongue from the lip. Now you can ask the kid: “Do you know how the turkey chatters? Bl-bl-bl, try the same "
Hamster game
Target games: develop articulation.
Hardware: No special hardware required.
Stroke games. An adult invites the child, without opening his mouth, to rest his tongue with force, first on the left cheek, then on the right, and then raise and lower it up and down, imitating a hamster, simultaneously resting on the cheek.
The intelligibility and clarity of speech depends on the development of the muscles of the tongue, jaw, the condition of the teeth, and the nasopharynx. Therefore, if you want your child to speak beautifully and correctly, monitor the health of the teeth, the condition of the occlusion and treat the diseases to the end.
The language most actively participates in the formation of words. The correct pronunciation of most sounds of the Russian language depends on its position, on what form it takes (flattened and forms a groove, the tip of the tongue is narrowed and touches the upper incisors, etc.).
Correct speech breathing ensures the best sounding of the voice. A peculiar inhalation and subsequent smooth exhalation create the conditions for continuous and smooth sounding of speech, for the free sliding of the voice along the height, for the transition from quiet speech to loud speech and vice versa.
Next important point in the development of speech is a developed phonemic hearing, i.e. the ability to distinguish speech sounds (phonemes) from others. This makes it possible to distinguish between words that are close in sound: small - crumpled, cancer - varnish.
In order to develop good diction in a child, to ensure a clear and euphonious pronunciation, we suggest that you pay attention to games for the development of speech breathing and phonemic hearing. While playing with the child, it is necessary to pronounce the sounds in the word correctly, drawing the child's attention to the correct pronunciation.
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1. "Faces".
The child performs various facial movements: puffs out his cheeks, sticks out his tongue, stretches his lips with a tube, opens his mouth wide, etc.
2. Clicking the tongue with the mouth wide open.
Tongue clatter, lips stretched into a wide smile. Whistling, while the lips are pulled into a tube. After working out these elements, the child is invited to click twice in a row, click twice, whistle twice.
3. Licking lips, teeth, plate or lollipop.
Spitting in croup. Rolling nuts in the mouth.
4. Gymnastics for the language:
movements in different directions, arching the tongue, squeezing and unclenching the tongue, curling into a tube, teasing, etc.
5. Repeat.
Repetition of tongue twisters improves the mobility of the organs of articulation, develops auditory attention, and contributes to the correct pronunciation of sounds.
The exercise includes verses and tongue twisters with difficult to pronounce combinations of sounds. These tasks are performed only by those children who pronounce all sounds correctly. Memorizing tongue twisters is difficult enough, but it is not necessary. It is more important to pronounce all the sounds correctly.
At first, the child repeats a poem or tongue twister loudly and slowly. If he succeeds without mistakes, you can try to pronounce the same text, gradually accelerating the pace.
Tongue twisters for classes:
In the morning, sitting down on a hillock,
Magpies are learning tongue twisters.
Kar-rr! Potatoes, cardboard, carriage, cap.
Kar-rr! Cornice, caramel, toddler.
Sanya was taking a sleigh up the hill.
Sanya rode from a hill, and a sleigh on Sanya.
Yegor walked through the yard
Repair the fence with an ax.
How big is our family
Yes, funny:
Two are standing by the shop,
Two want to learn
Two Stepans at sour cream
Overeat
Two Dashki at the porridge
Eat,
Two Ulki in a cradle,
Masha alone is not ours,
Yes, and that is good.
The brothers were sowing wheat
Yes, they were taken to the city-capital:
Know, that capital was
Not far from the village.
Here is a telegram from a hippo.
Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandpa Yegor is coming.
Himself on a horse,
Wife on a cow
Children on calves
Grandchildren on kids.
Sasha walked along the highway and sucked drying.
Thirty-three carriages in a row chatter and rumble.
Thirty-three ships maneuvered, maneuvered, but not fished out.
On Tuesdays over the pavement
Flew balloon empty.
The snorer has mansions at home.
The snorer snores in his mansion.
A sofa floated in the ocean.
And on it lay Ivan.
It's so nice in the ocean
Swim,
Lying on the couch.
Veronica, Veronica,
Cook dumplings.
Varya and Valerik - a couple of dumplings each.
And Tole and Bore
And maybe even more!
Make a bagel for Alik,
Alla was given a bagel by Alik,
Galya Alika scolded -
And Alla ate the bagel.
We gave Masha whey from the curdled milk.
The cap is sewn, the cap is tied,
Yes, not in Kolpakov style.
6. The giraffe and the mouse.
Purpose: the formation of speech breathing and correct sound pronunciation.
Game progress:
The child stands erect, then kneels down, raises his hands up, stretches and looks at his hands - inhale ("The giraffe has a big growth ..."). Squats, clasping his knees with his hands and lowering his head - exhale, with the pronunciation of the sound sh-sh-sh ("... The mouse has a small one").
Then the child walks and simultaneously says:
Our giraffe went home Together with a gray mouse. The giraffe is big, the mouse is small.
(Repeat 6-8 times.)
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7. Game "Lisa-Patrikeevna".
Purpose: formation of correct articulation of the jaws and perio-oral muscles at rest.
Material: board ("bridge") or wide tape, small dryers or biscuits.
Game progress:
"Bridge" - the board lies on the floor The child walks along the bridge, opens his mouth, sticks out his tongue, on the tip of which the presenter puts a cracker. After passing the bridge, the child eats a cookie.
8. Game "Funny Parrot".
Purpose: the development of sound-phonemic analysis, the formation of a sense of rhythm, the development of onomatopoeia ability.
Game progress:
The presenter pronounces syllable rows by tapping or slapping off each syllable. They say to the child: "You are a funny parrot, and the parrots repeat every word. Can you repeat after me and tap every word with the edge of your palm? Be attentive."
The child and the presenter sit opposite each other at the table. On command, the child begins to tap and repeat syllables:
a) the same - ra-ra-ra;
b) with a change of pace (slowly - quickly) - ra-ra-ra-ra - ra-ra-ra-ra - ra-ra-ra - ra-ra-ra; ra-ra-ra-ra;
c) with increasing the row - pa - pa-pa - pa-pa-pa - pa-pa-pa-pa - pa-pa-pa-pa-pa. It is necessary to monitor the achievement of coordination of voice and movements.
9. The game "Vodichka".
Purpose: the development of speech breathing (pronunciation of a sound on one exhalation, drawn-out), the formation of the correct pronunciation of the sound S.
Material: a faucet with water, a picture of children washing themselves.
Game progress:
An adult opens a tap with water and draws the child's attention to how the water flowing from the tap "sings" (s-s-s). Then he shows a picture of children washing themselves and reads a nursery rhyme:
Water, water, Wash my face, To make my eyes shine, To make my cheeks redden, To laugh my mouth, To bite a tooth!
The adult, together with the child, repeats the nursery rhyme 3-4 times and at the end of the game invites him to "sing" a song of water. The child sings a "long song", i.e. pronounces the sound C with a drawl.
10. Game "Captains".
Purpose: development of the ability to combine the pronunciation of a sound with the beginning of exhalation, alternation of a long, smooth and strong exhalation; development of the ability to pronounce the sound F for a long time on one exhalation and repeatedly pronounce the sound P (p-p-p) on one exhalation; activation of the muscles of the lips.
Material: a basin of water and paper boats.
Game progress:
On small table there is a basin of water where it floats paper boat... The child sits on a chair and blows on the boat, uttering the sound F or P.
An adult invites the child to ride a boat from one city to another, marking the cities with icons on the edges of the basin.
An adult explains to the child that, in order for the boat to move, you need to blow on it slowly, with your lips folded as for pronouncing the sound F. You can simply blow - stretching your lips with a tube, but without puffing out your cheeks. With a steady "wind" the ship moves smoothly and confidently floats to the target.
“But then a gusty wind swoops in,” says an adult, “it blows unevenly: p-p-p. The child repeats and seeks to drive the boat to a certain place.
The adult makes sure that when pronouncing the sound F, the child does not puff out his cheeks; sound P uttered on one exhalation 2-3 times and also did not puff out his cheeks. Finishing the game, the child and the adult sing together:
Wind, breeze, Pull the sail! Drive the boat to the Volga River!
11. The game "Jackhammer".
Game progress:
The presenter says: "You've probably seen jackhammers: miners work with them and road workers open the asphalt. Now we will try to imitate this hammer. For this you need to pronounce the sound D-D-D-D-D for a long, long time.
Then the children try to do this exercise for 3-4 minutes.
12. Game "Watch".
Purpose: formation of the skill of correct articulation of the tongue, teeth, muscles of the maxillofacial region at the stage of the initial impulse when swallowing.
Game progress:
The presenter says: “The clock has hands that move in a circle all the time. The hour hand moves very slowly, the minute hand moves faster, and the second hand runs very quickly.
So our tongue must learn to walk in a circle, like the hands of a clock. To do this, you need to open your mouth and make circular movements from left to right with your tongue along the inner walls of the upper and lower lips and vice versa. "
Children do exercises on command: "Like an hour hand - slower; like a minute hand - faster; like a second hand - even faster."
The leader needs to make sure that the mouth is constantly open, and the lower jaw remains motionless.
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"Funny tongue"
Development of articulatory motor skills
The correct pronunciation of sounds is ensured due to the good mobility of the organs of articulation, which include the tongue, lips, lower jaw, soft palate. The accuracy, strength and differentiation of the movements of these organs develop in the child gradually, in the process of speech activity. In a child who has general underdevelopment speech due to underdevelopment or brain damage, the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is impaired.
Work on the development of mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is carried out in the following areas:
· carrying out a differentiated massage of the facial and articulatory muscles;
· carrying out work to combat salting;
· articulatory gymnastics.
Articulation gymnastics
Work on the development of the basic movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is carried out in the form of articulatory gymnastics. The goal of articulatory gymnastics is the development of full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, which are necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.
It is necessary to conduct articulatory gymnastics daily so that the skills developed in children are consolidated.
When selecting exercises for articulatory gymnastics, a certain sequence must be followed, go from simple exercises to more complex ones. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way.
Of the two or three exercises performed, only one can be new, the second and third are given for repetition and consolidation. If the child does not perform some exercise well enough, new exercises should not be introduced, it is better to work out the old material. To consolidate it, you can come up with new game techniques.
The articulatory gymnast is performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position.
The child must clearly see the face of an adult, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, a child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulation exercises. Also, the child can use a small hand-held mirror (about 9x12 cm), but then the adult must be in front of the child, facing him.
The work is organized as follows:
1. An adult talks about the upcoming exercise using play techniques.
2. Shows its implementation.
3. Exercise is done by the child, and the adult controls the implementation.
An adult conducting articulatory gymnastics must monitor the quality of the movements performed by the child: movement accuracy, smoothness, pace of performance, stability, transition from one movement to another. It is also important to ensure that the movements of each organ of articulation are performed symmetrically in relation to the right and left sides of the face. Otherwise, articulatory gymnastics does not achieve its goal.
In the process of doing gymnastics, it is important to remember about creating a positive emotional mood in the child. You cannot tell him that he is doing the exercise incorrectly - this can lead to a refusal to perform the movement. It is better to show the child his achievements (“You see, the tongue has already learned to be wide”), to cheer up (“Nothing, your tongue will definitely learn to rise up.”) If the child is salivating during the exercises, then the following exercises are recommended before articulatory gymnastics:
1. The child is explained the need to swallow saliva.
2. Massaging the chewing muscles that interfere with the swallowing of saliva.
3.Calling passively and actively chewing movements, ask the child to throw his head back, so there is an involuntary desire to swallow saliva; can be supported by a request.
4. The child is asked to chew solid food in front of the mirror (cookies can be used), this stimulates the movements of the chewing muscles and leads to the need to make swallowing movements, can be supported by a request (thus, involuntary movements turn into voluntary).
5. Spontaneous closing of the mouth due to passive-active movements of the lower jaws. At first passively: one hand of the speech therapist is under the child's chin, the other is on his head, by pressing and drawing the hands together, the child's jaws are closed - the "flattening" movement. Then this movement is done with the hands of the child himself, then actively without the help of hands, with the help of counting, commands.
Articulation gymnastics for the development of lip mobility
The work on developing lip mobility begins with preparatory exercises:
· make the child laugh (involuntary stretching of the lips);
· smear lips with sweet ("licking" - lifting the tip of the tongue up or down);
· bring a long lollipop to your mouth (pulling the child's lips forward).
After evoking involuntary movements, they are fixed in an arbitrary plan, in active gymnastics. At first, the movements will not be performed in full, not in an exact amount, then they will be fixed in special exercises for the lips ("smile," proboscis ", their alternation).
Next, the following exercises are introduced:
1."Naughty lips. "Biting and scratching first the upper and then the lower lip with your teeth.
2. "Smile-tubule ".Pull the lips forward with a tube, then stretch the lips into a smile.
3. "Proboscis".Lips stretched out with a tube move left and right, rotate in a circle.
4."Small fish »:
· clap your lips against each other (a dull sound is pronounced);
· squeeze the upper lip by the nasolabial fold with the thumb and forefinger of one hand and the lower lip with two fingers of the other hand and stretch them up and down;
· pull your cheeks inward, and then sharply open your mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, a characteristic "kiss" sound is heard.
5."Duck ".Stretch the lips, squeeze them so that the thumbs are under the lower lip, and all the rest are on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to depict the beak of the duck.
6 . "Dissatisfied horse."The flow of exhaled air is easily and actively sent to the lips until they begin to vibrate. It makes a sound similar to the snort of a horse.
7. "The lion cub is angry."Raise the upper lip so that the upper teeth are visible. Lower the lower lip, exposing the lower teeth.
eight."The lips are hidden. "The mouth is wide open, the lips are pulled into the mouth, pressing tightly against the teeth.
nine."Balloon"(if the lips are very weak). Puff out your cheeks strongly, holding the air in your mouth with all your might.
10. "Strong sponges":
· hold a pencil, a plastic tube with your lips. Draw a circle (square) with a pencil;
· hold a gauze napkin with your lips - an adult tries to pull it out.
Articulation gymnastics for lips and cheeks
1."Cheeks are frozen. "Biting, patting and rubbing the cheeks.
2. "Fatty ".Inflate both cheeks, then inflate the cheeks alternately.
3. "Skinny". Draw in your cheeks.
4."Cams ".The mouth is closed. Beat the inflated cheeks with a fist, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.
Articulation gymnastics for the muscles of the tongue
Work on the development of language mobility begins with general movements, with a gradual transition to more subtle, differentiated movements. In the case of severe dysarthria, the following exercises are recommended for articulatory gymnastics:
· placing the tip of the tongue against the inner surface of the lower incisors;
· pulling the tongue forward and pulling it back;
· stimulation of the muscles of the root of the tongue. First, arbitrarily, by reflex contractions, as a result of irritation of the tongue root with a spatula. Then the movements are fixed in unconditioned reflexes, and then in voluntary "cough" movements.
Further, the implementation of subtle, differentiated movements of the tongue is carried out. For this purpose, movements are purposefully selected, aimed at developing the desired articulation pattern, taking into account the normal articulation of the sound and the nature of the defect. Articulatory gymnastics is best done in the form of games, which are selected taking into account the child's age, the nature and degree of organic damage. The following exercises are recommended:
1."Pancake ".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, the wide tongue is kept in the oral cavity in a relaxed, calm state for a count of up to 5-10. Make sure that the tongue does not taper and the tip touches the lower teeth.
2. "Spatula".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, put the tip of the tongue on the lower lip with a "scapula", the lateral edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth. In a calm, relaxed state, keep the tongue counting to 5-10. Make sure that the lower lip does not tuck, the wide tip of the tongue lies on the lip, without going beyond its limits. If the tongue cannot be made wide, you can spank it with your lips, pronouncing five-five-five, or pull the sound [and] in a chant.
3. "Let's punish the tongue."Lips in a smile, biting lightly, massage the entire surface of the tongue with your teeth, slowly protruding and pulling it into your mouth. Then scratch your tongue with your teeth.
4. "Needle".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, the tongue sticks out with a "needle", reach for the finger, pencil, candy being moved away from the tongue. Ensure that lips and jaws are immobile.
5. "Swing".The mouth is open, lips in a smile, move the tongue to the corners of the mouth to the right and left. Make sure that the jaw and lips are motionless, the tongue does not slide over the lower lip.
6. "Delicious Jam".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Lick your upper lip with the tip of your tongue from one corner of your mouth to the other. Make sure that the tongue reaches the corners of the mouth, the movement is smooth, without jumps, the jaw does not move. Also lick your lower lip. Then lick your lips in a circle.
7. "Let's clean teeth-1 ".The mouth is closed. Lick your teeth under the lower lip, then under the upper lip. Make sure that the jaw and lips do not move.
eight."Let's clean our teeth-2 ".The mouth is closed. Lick the teeth under the lips in a circular motion of the tongue. Repeat the same with an open mouth.
9. The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Smoothly run your tongue over the upper teeth, touching each tooth, counting them. Make sure that the jaw does not move. The same movement is for the lower teeth.
10. The mouth is closed. The tense tip of the tongue rests on one or the other cheek. The same, but the mouth is open.
eleven."Let's clean our teeth-3 ".The mouth is closed. The tip of the tongue rests on the cheek and makes the tongue move up and down. Make sure that the jaw does not move.
12."Beans ".With a paretic, flaccid tongue, move beans, peas, etc. in the mouth.
13."Swing".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Raise a wide tongue to the nose and lower to the chin. Make sure that the lips do not stretch on the teeth, the jaw does not move, the tongue does not narrow.
fourteen."Swing-1 ".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Raise the wide tongue to the upper and lower to the lower teeth. Make sure that the lips do not stretch on the teeth, the jaw does not move, the tongue does not narrow.
15."Swing-2 ".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Put the wide tip of the tongue on the alveoli behind the lower teeth from the inside, then lift it onto the tubercles behind the upper teeth from the inside. Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw and lips remain motionless.
16."Focus".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Stick out the tongue with a "cup", "ladle". Blow off the fleece from the tip of the nose, the air comes out in the middle of the tongue, the fleece flies straight up. Make sure that the lower jaw is motionless and the lower lip is not pulled over the lower teeth.
17. "Drummer".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. The lateral edges of the tongue rest against the lateral upper teeth. Repeatedly drum with a tense wide tip of the tongue on the upper gum:d-d-d,gradually accelerating the pace. Make sure that the lower jaw does not move, the lips remain in a smile, the sound has the character of a clear blow, so that the exhaled stream of air is clearly felt.
18. "Rain".The same, but to pronounce dy-dy-dy. As in Exercise 17, only the language works. For control, you can bring a strip of paper to your mouth. If done correctly, it will deviate.
19."Turkey".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Put a wide tongue on the upper lip and move it back and forth, trying not to tear the tongue from the lip, as if stroking it. The tempo accelerates gradually and the sound of a voice is added until sounds similar tobl-bl(the turkey is talking). Make sure that the tongue is wide, he should lick his upper lip. The lower jaw does not move.
20. "Horse-1".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Press the wide tip of the tongue to the palate behind the upper teeth and pull it off with a click (click the tip of the tongue). The pace is gradually accelerating. Make sure your lips smile, the lower jaw does not move.
21 . "Horse-2".The same, but soundless.
22. "Coil".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. The wide tip of the tongue rests on the lower gum, the back of the tongue bends. Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, the tip of the tongue remains at the lower teeth and does not pull back, the jaw and lips are motionless.
23. "Glue candy-1. "Suction of the back of the tongue to the palate, first with the jaws closed, and then with the open ones. If the suction fails, then sticky candy can be put on the back of the tongue - the child tries, pressing the back of the tongue to the palate, to suck the candy.
24. "Glue candy-2. "The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Suck the wide tongue to the hard palate, hold it up to 10, then tear it off with a click. Make sure that the lips and lower jaw do not move, the lateral edges of the tongue are equally tightly pressed (neither half should sag). When repeating the exercise, open your mouth wider.
25. "Harmonic".Suck the back of the tongue with the entire plane to the hard palate. Without releasing the tongue, close and open the mouth, stretching the hyoid frenum. When repeating the exercise, you should try to open your mouth wider and keep your tongue in the upper position for longer and longer. Make sure that when opening the mouth, the lips are motionless, one of the sides of the tongue does not sag.
26 . "Teaser".The tip of the tongue protrudes outward and moves between the lips, first vertically and then horizontally, while tension is felt in the frenum of the tongue. When you turn on the voice, you get a sound similar to a child's "teasing".
27. "Breeze".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if pronouncing the sound [f] for a long time, blow off the cotton wool to the opposite edge of the table
Articulation gymnastics for the lower jaw
A prerequisite for clear speech is the ability to open the mouth correctly. This is due to the work of the lower jaw.
A set of exercises for the development of the muscles of the lower jaw:
1. The Cowardly Chick.Open and close your mouth wide so that the corners of the lips stretch. The jaw drops about a distance of two fingers' width. The “chick” tongue sits in the nest and does not protrude. The exercise is performed rhythmically.
2. Sharks. On the count of "one" the jaw goes down, on "two" - the jaw moves to the right (the mouth is open), on the count of "three" - the jaw is lowered into place, on "four" - the jaw moves to the left, on "five" - the jaw is down, on "Six" - the jaw is pushed forward, "seven" - the chin is in the usual comfortable position, the lips are closed. Exercise should be done slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.
