Prevent the spread of fire
SNIP 20-01-97 "fire safety of buildings and structures"
UDC 699.81 (083.74)
The manual includes recycled in accordance with the basic provisions and classifications SNIP 21-01-97 Fire requirements for limiting the dissemination of the fire contained in SNiP 2.08.02-89 * "Public buildings and structures"; SNIP 2.09.02-85 * "Production buildings"; SNIP 2.11.01-85 * "Warehouse buildings" and SNiP 2.09.04-87 * "Administrative and household buildings"; The exemplary characteristics of the structural solutions corresponding to the degrees of fire resistance and classes of constructive fire danger adopted in SNiP 21-01-97 are given, and it should be noted that the current regulatory requirements were not revised, and tied to a new system of classification of buildings, building structures and materials, indicators The fire hazard of which should be established by the competent organizations in accordance with the new standards on the methods of their definition.
The manual contains recommendations for evaluating the fire hazard of buildings using settlement scenarios of fires describing the spread of the fire and its impact, as well as recommended measures to limit fire, direct and indirect damage, including the contents of the building and the building itself; The technique of a feasibility study is given, which makes it possible to estimate the use of various means and fire protection methods, based on the ratio of the amount of damage and expenses for fire fighting measures; The method of calculating the expected damage and examples of a feasibility study of fire fighting measures are given in the fulfillment of foregone fire and technical expertise of buildings; The reference data on the magnitude of the fire load in buildings of various functional dangers and the statistical values \u200b\u200bof other parameters to perform the calculation of the magnitude of the probability annual damage are given.
Introduction
Updating the system of regulatory documents in accordance with the requirements of SNIP 10-01-94 and the recommendations of international organizations on standardization and rationing occurs undesuited, and therefore, with the introduction of SNIP, 21-01-97, many fire fights and rules of existing SNiP, based on provisions Snip 2.01.02-85 *, currently require revision. In the transitional period, the norms that were put into effect before entering the SNIP 21-01-97 were continued. When using the provisions of this manual, fire protection protection of buildings and structures of public, industrial, warehouse and administrative and domestic purposes can be performed in accordance with the norms and rules of SNiP 21-01-97. This can help in gradual adaptation to new principles of ensuring fire-prevention requirements, new classifications of constructive and functional fire hazard. The allowance will also allow the proposals of specialists and organizations to improve the requirements for the development of the CP 21-102 rules to "prevent the dissemination of a fire" and under the processing of SNiP, containing norms and rules based on the provisions of SNiP 2.01.02-85 *.
At the same time, the main provisions of the system of regulatory documents in construction provides for an increase in independence and development of the initiative of enterprises, organizations and specialists in solving economic and technical design and construction tasks in reducing the number of compulsory requirements. Based on this, the principles and classifications adopted in SNiP 21-01-97 make it possible to choose funds and methods of fire protection, adequate threat of fire, using the estimated scenarios based on the ratio of the time parameters of the development and distribution of fire, and the feasibility study of the ratio of damage and Expenditures on fire fighting events. To fulfill such calculations, you need qualified techniques, benefits and recommendations of specialists working in the field of ensuring fire safety of buildings and structures.
The manual includes recycled in accordance with the basic provisions and classifications SNIP 21-01-97 Fire requirements for limiting the dissemination of the fire contained in SNiP 2.08.02-89 * "Public buildings and structures"; SNIP 2.09.02-85 * "Production buildings"; SNIP 2.11.01-85 * "Warehouse buildings" and SNiP 2.09.04-87 * "Administrative and household buildings"; The approximate characteristics of the structural solutions corresponding to the degrees of fire resistance and classes of constructive fire hazard adopted in SNiP 21-01-97 are given. It should be noted that the current regulatory requirements were not revised, but were tied to a new system of classification of buildings, building structures and materials, the fire hazard indicators should be established by the competent organizations in accordance with the new standards for the methods of their definition.
The manual contains recommendations for evaluating the fire danger of buildings using the calculated fire scenarios describing the dissemination of the fire and its impact, as well as recommended measures to limit fire, direct and indirect damage, including the contents of the building and the building itself. The technique of a feasibility study is given, which makes it possible to estimate the use of various means and fire protection methods on the basis of the ratio of the amount of damage and expenses for fire fighting measures; The method of calculating the expected damage and examples of a feasibility study of fire fighting measures are given in the fulfillment of foregone fire and technical expertise of buildings; The reference data on the magnitude of the fire load in buildings of various functional dangers and the statistical values \u200b\u200bof other parameters to perform the calculation of the magnitude of the probability annual damage are given.
The manual can be used in the design of new construction objects, during the reconstruction, repair and change of the functional purpose of buildings and premises; For the exploited buildings in determining sufficient protection against fire, when concluding insurance contracts from the fire and operated facilities.
Recommended to publish a decision section of the architecture of the Scientific and Technical Council of the JSC "TsNIipromzdaniya". The work is made by Cand. tehn Sciences i.e. Storozhenko (head of work) with the participation of the Cand. tehn Sciences in N. Zigeren Core. Recommendations of the VNIIIP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on the methods of calculating the temperature regime of a fire in the premises of the buildings of various purposes and the use of technical means to prevent fire distribution are used.
The institute under contracts fulfills the work regulated by this manual.
General provisions
1 area of \u200b\u200buse
1.1. This allowance contains a description of fire-fighting agents and methods that can be applied to ensure the requirements of SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures" in the prevention of fire distribution and the protection of material values.
1.2. The provisions set forth in this manual are based on the generalization of the practical experience of fire protection of buildings and structures of mass applications, as well as scientific developments in the field of fire resistance and fire hazard of materials, building structures and buildings, studying the efficiency and reliability of fire protection funds, analysis of the formation of material losses Using settlement scenarios of fires describing its occurrence, distribution, duration and extinguishing various means. The allowance includes the requirements for limiting the dissemination of the fire, contained in the SNIP on the design of buildings and structures of various purposes, recycled, taking into account the provisions of SNIP 21-01-97.
1.3. Fire proliferation tools can be selected based on a feasibility study that includes the construction of fire scenarios, predicting probabilistic damage and the adoption of the most effective solution to minimize the amount of damage and costs for these funds. The technique of a feasibility study is shown in Appendix.1.
1.4. The manual cannot be used for special-purpose buildings and in cases where the expected economic damage from fires can significantly exceed the cost of the object and its fire protection or fire at the facility can cause significant damage to the environment.
1.5. This allowance should be applied together with SNIP 21-01-97 and other regulatory documents entered into operation at the same time or after the indicated SNiP.
Snip 10-01-94. The system of regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions.
Snip 2.01.02-85 *. Fire standards.
Snip 21-01-97. Fire safety of buildings and structures.
SNIP 2.04.09-84. Fire automation of buildings and structures.
SNiP 2.04.05-91 *. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
SNiP 2.08.02-89 *. Public buildings and structures.
SNiP 2.09.02-85 *. Production buildings.
SNiP 2.09.03-85. Construction of industrial enterprises.
SNIP 2.11.01-85. Warehouse buildings.
SNIP II-26-76. Roof.
SNiP 2.09.04-87 *. Administrative and household buildings.
SNiP 2.04.01-85. Internal water supply and sanitation of buildings.
SNiP 2.04.02-84. Water supply. External networks and facilities.
GOST 12.1.004-91. SSBT Fire safety. General requirements.
NPB 105-95. Determination of categories of premises and buildings in the explosion and fire hazard.
NPB 110-96. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic steering and fire detection.
3. The emergence of fire
3.1. The emergence of the fire is likely to have a functionally determined or due to an accident, or violation of the fire safety rules of the combustible environment and when the ignition source appears in this environment capable of freeing this environment.
3.2. The combustible media includes:
Furniture, clothing, books and other household items, as well as functional (technological) equipment and objects of labor, made of combustible materials;
Combustible materials, flammable and combustible fluids and their pairs, combustible dispersed media (dust), combustible gases used or applying in a functional (technological) process;
Building structures, their cladding and finishing, as well as elements of engineering equipment of objects (pipelines, air ducts, cables, etc.), made of or using combustible materials.
3.3. The main sources of ignition include:
Household sources of fire (matches, lighters, candles, cigarettes, etc.);
Emergency mode of operation of electrical products;
Technological processes associated with the use or formation of sources of elevated temperatures, open fire and flame;
Static or atmospheric electricity discharges.
3.4. When establishing possible foci of the fire, statistical data on the causes of their occurrence should be taken into account, the main of which are:
Negligence when dealing with household sources of fire;
Overheating of electrical appliances;
Violation of fire safety rules during furnaces;
Overvoltage of the electrical circuit;
Non-compliance with the electrical protection of instruments and equipment by valid standards;
Carrying out electric welding and repair work with violation of fire safety rules;
Technological accidents;
Logs.
3.5. Evaluation of the real danger of fire occurrence is made on the basis of the consideration of plans for buildings, premises, installations and equipment that indicate:
Places of concentration of combustible materials or a place where the formation of a fire-hazard combustible environment is possible;
Probable ignition sources;
Fire hazard class building structures.
3.6. A quantitative assessment of the likelihood of a fire can be produced by the method given in GOST 12.1.004-91, arr. 3 or based on statistical data on similar objects.
4. Fire load, species and duration of fire
4.1. Forecasting of fire development options are carried out on the basis of an estimate of the magnitude of the fire load and its combustion conditions for a freely developing fire and, taking into account the interaction of fire extinguishing facility. The method of calculating the fire load is given in the ad. 1. Reference data on the magnitude of the fire load in buildings of various purposes is shown in ad. 2.
4.2. The construction of fire development scenarios is carried out on the basis of data on the categories of explosion and fire hazard on the NPB 105-95, the degree of fire resistance, the design and functional fire hazard of buildings and structures classified in accordance with SNiP 21-01, volume-planning and structural solutions of buildings.
4.3. The effect of fire on building structures is determined by the type of fire, its temperature regime and duration. The following types of fire differ:
Local;
Bulk, regulated by fire load;
Volumetric ventilation.
The duration of the fire, the values \u200b\u200bof the maximum mid-paying temperatures and temperatures on the surface of building structures are calculated when determining possible damage as a result of a fire in accordance with the method of calculating the temperature regime in the premises of the buildings of various purposes given in the ad. one.
4.4. When evaluating the size of damage to building structures in cases of local fires, local exposure is considered within the combustion section. At the same time, the burnout area during combustion of solid combustable substances is taken equal to the area of \u200b\u200bplacement of the fire load, with combustion of combustible and flammable liquids - taking into account its spreading on the floor area. The possibility of sunburning neighboring sites is also taken into account.
4.5. The possibility of destruction of structures As a result of the occurrence of signs of achieving fire resistance limits is determined based on the comparison of the fire resistance limit of the structure with an equivalent fire duration, which is determined for the estimated design, depending on the type, duration of the fire and the parameters of the room.
4.6. Based on the assessment of the size of the fire and damage to building structures, calculations are carried out by the expected losses, taking into account the likelihood of a fire and the likelihood of its liquidation by fire extinguishing.
For each building, possible options for the emergence and development of a fire and, depending on the solid tasks to limit the spread of fire in technological equipment, in a separate room, losses are calculated in the building or between buildings under real fire conditions. The probabilistic amount of annual losses is made up of fire losses localized by primary fire extinguishing agents, losses from fires extended by automatic systems, losses from fires extended by fire protection units, taking into account the likelihood of task with these means, and losses from fires in the probability of failure of all fire extinguishing facilities .
The method of calculating the expected loss is shown in the ad. one.
5. Dissemination of a fire in the room, for the building and construction
5.1. Depending on the characteristics of the structural and functional fire hazard, the dissemination of the fire occurs (Fig. 1):
In room:
On the combustible substances and materials located in the form of linear propagation of burning;
On technological equipment and structures;
On spreading burning by building structures;
When moving linear propagation of burning to a fire in the amount of room with the number of fire load, which is superior to a critical value;
As a result of the explosion;
Due to the radiant and convective heat and mass transaction between the source of combustion and other space. In a buiding:
When moving flames and combustion products through doorways, hatches, window and technological openings between the premises;
On communications, mines;
As a result of achieving fire resistance limits by enclosing and supporting structures;
On the disseminating burning by building structures and emptiness contained in them;
In places of poor-quality sealing of joints and cracks;
On the openings in the outer walls and the facade of the building.
Between buildings:
As a result of the explosion;
As a result of the thermal radiation of the flame of the burning building;
As a result of transferring to significant distances of sparks and burning structural elements.
a) on the openings, joints and communications
b) on outdoor passages
c) as a result of warming up
d) as a result of the collapse of structures
e) on burning structures and voids in structures
Fig. 1. Options for possible fire distribution
5.2. The area and volume on which the fire is possible is determined by the type of fire in the room, the speed of linear burning on the combustible substances, materials and building structures, the time of transition of linear burning to the bulk fire, the characteristics of extinguishing agents.
5.3. The prevention of fire distribution is achieved:
Preventing the spread of burning in technological equipment and communications;
Restriction of the use of combustible substances and materials in technological processes;
The use of non-compliant burning of building materials and structures;
Separation of various processes in the fire hazard;
Limit the size of buildings and fire compartments;
Increasing fire resistance limits and decrease in flammability of enclosing and carrying construction structures;
Using fire prevention obstacles;
Protection of openings, device barriers in communications, sealing joints;
Using primary, automatic and imported fire extinguishing tools, as well as fire detection and alarm systems;
Device of fire gaps and barriers between buildings;
Using fire fighting water supply;
Ensuring access of firefighters to possible fire foci.
6. Select the ratio between the functional fire hazard, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard
6.1. Minimization of the amount of economic damage and fire protection costs in building decisions of buildings and structures is primarily ensured by the compliance of the degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire danger to the class of functional fire hazard when performing volume-planning and design solutions according to the functional purpose of buildings and premises and taking into account the safety of people .
The limit of fire resistance and the class of structural fire hazard of the construction structures used in accordance with the table. 4, 5 SNiP 21-01-97 must be confirmed in the prescribed manner:
Protocol of testing or expert conclusion issued by organizations accredited in the system of certification and services in the field of fire safety;
Expert conclusion issued by organizations that have a license for this type of activity;
Fire safety certificate;
A document approved or agreed by the State Unitary Enterprise of Russia and the Ministry of Numbered Russia.
Below in Table. 1 shows examples of constructive solutions of buildings corresponding to the regulatory degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire danger.
Table 1
| Examples of a constructive solution | Degree of fire resistance | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Carriers and enclosing structures from natural or artificial stone materials, concrete or reinforced concrete with the use of sheet and slab non-combustible materials. | I. | C0. |
| Bearing structures from natural or artificial stone materials, concrete or reinforced concrete | C1 | |
| Fencing structures with the use of materials of the group G2, protected from fire and high temperatures, the fire hazard class K1 of intermediate floors for 60 minutes, outer walls and underacted coatings for 30 minutes. The walls of the external on the outside can be using the materials of the group G3 | C2. | |
| II. | C0. | |
| Fencing structures using sheet and slab non-combustible materials. | C1 | |
| Bearing elements from natural or artificial stone materials, concrete or reinforced concrete, as well as from steel structures with flame retardant, providing the limit of fire resistance 45. | ||
| Fencing structures from panels or element assemblies, made using class ML2 materials having the required fire resistance limit and fire hazard class K1 overlaps for 45 minutes, coatings and walls - for 15 minutes. Outdoor wall cladding is possible from materials of the group G3. | ||
| Bearing elements made of solid or glued wood subjected to fire preserving, providing the limit of fire resistance 45 and the K2 fire hazard class for 45 minutes. | C2. | |
| Fencing structures from panels or element assemblies, made using class ML2 materials having the required limit of fire resistance and fire hazard class K2 overlaps for 45 minutes, coatings and walls - for 15 minutes. Outdoor wall cladding is possible from materials of the G4 group | ||
| Bearing rod elements from steel unprotected structures, walls, partitions, overlap and coatings from non-combustible leaf or slab materials with non-combustible insulation. | III | C0. |
| Bearing elements from steel unprotected structures. | C1 | |
| Beneficial elements from solid or glued wood and other combustible materials, with flame retardant, providing the limit of fire resistance 15 and the Class of fire danger C1 for 15 minutes. | ||
| Walls, partitions, overlapping and coatings from non-combustible sheet materials with insulation from materials of groups G1, G2, a fire hazard class K1 for 45 minutes for overlappings and 15 minutes - for walls and unbalanced coatings. | ||
| Beneficial elements of whole or glued wood or other combustible materials having a limit of fire resistance 15. Walls, partitions, overlap and coatings from sheet materials and with insulation from materials of the group G3 | C2. | |
| Bearing and enclosing structures having a limit of fire resistance less than 15 using the materials of the M1 and G2 groups. | IV | C1 |
| Bearing and enclosing structures from wood subjected to flame retardant processing or other materials of the group G3 | C2. | |
| Carriers and enclosing structures from wood or other materials of the group G4 | C3. |
6.2. The area of \u200b\u200bfire compartments is recommended and the number of floors is limited depending on the category of explosion and fire hazard, the degree of fire resistance, classes of constructive and functional fire danger of buildings, possibilities for fire to achieve the limit of fire resistance with the main construction structures set by the ratio of the magnitude of the fire load and the fire resistance limits, taking into account the reliability Fire detection and extinguishing means.
In the absence of a feasibility study, the ratio of the degree of fire resistance, the class of constructive fire danger of the building, fire load, the number of floors and the area of \u200b\u200bfire compartments should be taken in accordance with the tables given in sections III and IV of this manual.
6.3. The choice of the relationship between the functional fire hazard, the degree of fire resistance and the class of structural fire danger, as well as fire-fighting measures at the facility determine the risk value, which is estimated by possible social and material losses. Risk reduction to the level of acceptable can be achieved by increasing fire resistance and a decrease in the structural fire danger of buildings, measures to limit the spread of fire, including the technical means of fire protection. The level of risk for the building and structure is determined on the basis of a study of the change in the magnitude of the probabilistic loss of fire at various fire protection options. The permissible level of risk can be recommended that the object functioning during its service life is ensured, and there may cause such damage to buildings and structures that, after performing repair work, the object remains suitable for operation. The substantiation of the technical capabilities and economic feasibility of such a level of fire safety should be carried out taking into account the appointment and volume-planning decisions of the buildings required by the service life, the degree of responsibility, the fire hazard of the object and reliability of fire extinguishing.
6.4. Construction solutions of buildings and structures and fire fighting activities in them may be made on the basis of the evaluation of fire danger and the level of security performed during the insurance of the facility in case of fire. Assessment of the likelihood and development of fire, predicting the magnitude of probability losses and their decline due to measures to prevent and rapid fire liquidation, the calculation of the amounts of insurance payments and compensation of fire losses is a sufficient basis for making agreements agreed in the prescribed manner.
7. Technical means restricting the distribution and extinguishing of fire
7.1. Restricting the spread of fire with technical means is carried out in the following functions:
Isolation of the fire burning from the air or a decrease in oxygen concentration by diluting with non-combustible gases to a value at which there is no burning;
Cooling the focus of burning, technological equipment to a temperature below a certain limit, in which the propagation of burning is stopped;
Intensive braking of the speed of chemical reactions in the flame;
Mechanical disruption of the flame of a strong jet of fire extinguishing agent;
Creating conditions of fireproof.
7.2. When choosing hardware and fire extinguishing methods and prevent the dissemination of a fire, it should be processed from the possibility of obtaining the best effect at minimal costs, taking into account the parameters that determine the conditions of combustion:
The physicochemical properties of burning materials, the absence of their reaction with extinguishing agents;
The magnitude of the fire load and its placement;
Fire load burnout speeds;
The speed of propagation of burning in the fire load and on the building;
The gas exchange of the firefight with the environment and with the atmosphere;
Heat exchange between the firefight with the surrounding materials and structures;
Accommodation and shape of the focus of fire and the premises in which there was a fire;
Meteorological conditions.
Various technical means (primary, automatic, imported, delivered to the fire fire, units of fire protection) are appointed based on the analysis of the facilities of the emergence and dynamics of fire development, the duration of the fire stages and the transition of one stage to another with specific volume-planning and design solutions Buildings, as well as the possibility of suppressing a fire at each stage.
7.3. To eliminate and limit the spread of fires should be applied: primary means - portable and hazard fire extinguishers placed in the buildings fire cranes; Stationary-with Fire extinguishing substances, manual or automatic, boiled trunks, mobile - various fire trucks.
7.4. The use of fire extinguishing tools should be carried out taking into account the possible damage by their values, damage to the elements of the building, environmental pollution.
7.5. The fire extinguishing system should provide optimal conditions for consumption, the intensity of feeding the fire extinguishing and extinguishing time. The choice of the type of installations, fire extinguishes, extinguishing methods should be made in accordance with SNiP 2.04.09.
Buildings and premises should be equipped with fire extinguishing and fire alarm in accordance with the SNiP for the design of buildings and structures of various purposes, NPB 110-96.
7.6. When used as a means of extinguishing water, the fireproof water supply should ensure water consumption by mobile fire extinguishing agents, stationary means, equipment for creating water curtains, waterproofing of technological equipment and building structures, water supply of special designs with closed profiles.
7.7. The elements of the fireproof water supply system should be calculated from the condition of the simultaneous supply of water to extinguish fires inside buildings from inner fire cranes, external fire extinguishing from fire hydrants, for stationary installations.
7.8. If necessary, to increase the reliability of water supply, it is necessary to provide a device for fireweds.
7.9. To prevent the dissemination of a fire on large equipment or between buildings and parts of buildings, it is necessary to provide a device of beftle stems with a stationary connection to a high pressure network. If the water supply does not provide the necessary pressure, they must have devices for connecting to mobile fire pumps to supply water from backup containers or tanks.
7.10. Buildings and premises should be equipped with electrical fire alarm detectors to call fire protection. Alarm reception stations should be installed in the buildings of fire depot.
Fire alarm can also be intended to manage the automatic fire extinguishing system, smoke system, as well as signaling to start evacuation.
The fire alarm station can be equipped with an equipment for receiving a signal about the various signs of fire occurrence: the appearance of smoke or other combustion products, radiation, changes in the optical density of the medium, increasing the temperature. When selecting detectors should consider the category of premises in the explosion hazard, the location and type of combustible load, the condition of the air environment in the room (humidity, variability, radiation, temperature, aggressiveness, vibration, etc.). Placement of equipment, communications, protruding structures (beams, runs, ribs, etc.), height and configuration of rooms, availability of ventilation.
The fire alarm station should be located in the first or basement floors, have a way out and be equipped with a telephone connection with a fire protection.
7.11. To remove from the building or room of combustion products during the fire and ensure disadvantage in the implementation of evacuation and extinguishing, eliminating the formation of explosive mixtures of incomplete combustion products with air, and smoke hatches should be arranged to reduce the temperature. Functions of smoke hatches can perform window openings and lights. Restricting the propagation of combustion products in the inter-nominal space is achieved by a diaphragm-screens device that create flue compartments in each of which smoke hatches are arranged. To overlap the hatches can be used valves or shafts with manual or automatic opening. Hutches must be placed evenly throughout the area. With local location of combustible substances, smoke hatches are allowed to focus over these sections.
7.12. To prevent the spread of flames and other combustion products from emergency equipment or premises to adjacent pipelines and channels, it should be provided for the device for fireproofers. The places of their installation should be chosen in accordance with the requirements of SNiP and other regulatory documents.
7.13. Fires in interdigital cable tunnels should be extinguished using mobile means - fire vehicles serving water or high-time foam directly to the fire center, or systems with dry machines with stationary water sprayers or foam generators.
To supply fire extinguishing tools inside each compartment from mobile fire equipment, use exits from tunnels and ventilation mines.
If the distance between the outputs from the tunnel and the ventilation mines exceeds 30 m, additional hatches should be provided in such a way that the distance between the flames of the exhausting substance inside the tunnel does not exceed 30 m.
Fire extinguishing equipment must have 700 sizes? 700 mm or diameter 700 mm; The hatches must be covered with double metal covers, of which the bottom must have an outside device to close to the lock. Under the covers of the hatch, intended only for filing fire extinguishing, there should be no stairs or brackets.
When installing in tunnel systems with dry machines and stationary fire extinguishing systems, the device of additional hatches is not required.
Volume-planning and design solutions for buildings and structures
1. Placement of premises
1.1. Surgical-planning solutions of buildings must be made taking into account the functional fire hazard of the premises. When placed in the building of various functional fire hazards in the building, they should be combined in parts of buildings for which fire-fighting measures are provided for fire hazard.
If there is plots or technological processes in one room or technological processes with different fire hazards, measures should be provided to prevent the dissemination of a fire, the effectiveness of which should be justified in the project. If the events are not fairly effective, plots or technological processes should be placed in separate rooms in separate rooms.
1.2. When placing the premises, it is necessary to take into account the risk of fire propagation in adjacent premises as a result of penetration of flames or combustion products, heated to high temperatures, through the openings and holes, by building structures and communications, according to external versions of vertical and horizontal, as well as the heating of enclosing structures. or communications or their destruction.
1.3. In buildings with a massive stay of people, dangerous in the explosion and fire, should be placed in such a way that there are no obstacles to an increase in the evacuation time or the impossibility of using evacuation paths on the Evacuation time or the impossibility of using evacuation paths.
2. Basements, ground floors
2.1. Basements under buildings should be one-story, except in cases provided for in the norms.
2.2. In the basements and basement floors should limit the placement of combustible substances and materials. If it is necessary to accommodate in basements and basements of premises with combustible substances and materials, they should be limited from the area and width and placed in such a way that the units of fire protection units and extinguishing devices are provided.
2.3. In each part of the basement (including in the corridor) isolated by fireproof walls or partitions, with rooms in which combustible substances and materials are used, should not provide for at least two windows with dimensions of 0.75? 1.2 m with pitfall. The free area of \u200b\u200bthe specified windows must be taken by calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the area of \u200b\u200bthese rooms (Fig. 2).
2.4. The rooms located in the basement floors and intended for the placement of engineering equipment and gaskets of communications should be separated from other premises with firebags 1-th type.
The technological requirements allow for basements with the technical floor for cable wiring (Fig. 3). Justified cases allowed basements with a large number of cable floors.
Fig. 2. Device of windows with pitfalls in basement floors
up to 300 m 2 - 1 door or hatch
more than 300 m 2 - 1 + 1 for every 2000 m 2
Fig. 3. Placement of engineering equipment and communications in basement floors
3. Mansardes
3.1. In buildings with attic classes F2, F3, F4 and F5, fire-prevention requirements in the attic floor should be performed as for the usual floor, and when determining the flood of the building - to take into account the attic floor.
4. Constructive solutions of fire barriers
4.1. Walls and partitions
4.1.1. For the separation of buildings on fire compartments, the internal longitudinal or transverse fireproof walls should be used, and to prevent the spread of fire between buildings - external fireproof walls. Internal fireproof walls are advisable to combine with temperature seams (Fig. 4).
4.1.2. Firewalls can be performed with nonsense, carriage or self-supporting.
Fig. 4. Separation of buildings for fire compartments by fire walls
4.1.3. Fire walls and partitions can be used to separate rooms with different functional fire hazards or with different fireloads.
4.1.4. The limit of fire resistance of fire walls and partitions must comply with the requirements of SNiP 21-01. During the design, a justification may be made to increase or decrease the fire resistance limit of the fireproof wall or partition, which takes into account the magnitude of the fire load in the premises separated by this wall or partition, its actual limit of fire resistance at a temperature regime of a real fire and the possibility of ensuring fire extinguishing wall during the achievement of fire resistance limit fireproof wall . The rationale for the reduction of the fire resistance of the fireproof wall should be coordinated in the prescribed manner.
4.1.5. Firewalls should rely on the foundations or foundation beams and, as a rule, cross all the designs and floors (Fig. 5).
Firewalls are allowed to be installed directly on the design of the framework of the building or structures, made from the materials of the NG group and meet the requirements of PP. 5.13 and 7.9 Snip 21-01.
4.1.6. Fire walls should rise above the roof: at least 60 cm, if at least one of the elements of an attractive or underacted coating, with the exception of the roof, is made of materials of groups G3, G4; Not less than 30 cm, if elements of an attic or unbeliving coating, with the exception of the roof, are made of materials of groups G1, G2 (Fig. 5).
Fire walls may not rise above the roof, if all the elements of an attic or underacted coating, with the exception of the roof, are made of materials of the NG Group.
4.1.7. Firewalls in buildings with outer walls of the fire hazard classes K1, K2 and K3 should cross these walls and perform for the outer plane of the wall at least 30 cm (Fig. 4).
Fig. 5. An example of a constructive solving fire wall
When the exterior walls are made of materials of the NG Group with tape glazing, fire walls must be separated by glazing. At the same time it is allowed so that the fire wall does not protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall.
4.1.8. When dividing the building for fire compartments to fire prevention should be a high and wider compartment wall.
It is allowed in the outer part of the fire wall. Place the windows, doors and gates with the abnormal limits of fire resistance at a distance above the roof of the adjoining compartment of at least 8 m vertically and at least 4 m from the walls horizontally.
4.1.9. When placing fire walls or fireproof partitions in places of adjoining one part of the building to another at an angle, it is necessary that the distance horizontally between the nearest elevations arranged in the outer walls was at least 4 m, and the parts of the walls, the eaves and soles of the roofs adjacent to The fire wall or partition at an angle, at a length of at least 4 m were made of materials of the NG group. When the distance between the specified openings is less than 4 m, they must be filled with fire doors or type 1 windows (Fig. 6).
4.1.10. In buildings III degree of fire resistance when the premises of the premises of 1-type firefares and overlapping of the 3rd type, the supporting structures of the building they are based on should have fire protection, providing the limit of fire resistance of the carrying structures of at least the fire resistance limits of these partitions and overlaps. In cases where the magnitude of the fire load in the rooms is less than the calculated permissible magnitude of the fire load for these structures, taking into account the effects of a real fire, fire resistance of the supporting structures is allowed to be taken from the actual magnitude of the fireload in coordination in the prescribed manner.
4.1.11. In buildings of all degrees of fire resistance to allocate jobs within the room, it is allowed to use particles glazed or with a mesh at a height of a deaf part of no more than 1.2m (collapsible and sliding) with non-normalized fire resistance limits and from materials of the NG group (Fig. 7).
Fig.6. Plot walls in places of adjoining parts of buildings at an angle separated by fire walls
Fig.7. Stripping jobs
4.2. Overlapping
4.2.1. Continated floors should adjoin the outer walls made from the materials of the NG group, without gaps. Fire floors in buildings with outer walls of classes K1, K2 and K3 or with glazing, located in the level of overlapping, should cross these walls and glazing (Fig. 8). In places of intersection, it is advisable to organize ridges, protrusions or visors, preventing the transition of flames or combustion products through window openings.
4.3.1. It is allowed in cases provided for in the sections of this manual, to separate buildings for fire bonds instead of the fire walls of the 1st type, provide fireproof zones.
The fireproof zone is performed in the form of an insert separating the building across the width (length) and height. The insert is part of the building formed by the Film Walls of the 2nd Type, which separate the insertion from fire compartments. The width of the zone must be at least 12m.
In rooms located within the fire zone, it is not allowed to apply or store combustible gases, liquids and materials, as well as to provide processes associated with the formation of combustible dust (Fig. 9).
It is allowed in the coating of the fireproof zone to use the insulation from the materials of the groups G1, G2 and the roof from the materials of the groups G3, G4, taking into account the requirements of clause 4.1.6. In the fire walls of the zone, the opening device is allowed under the condition of filling them in accordance with Table. 2 SNiP 21 -01.
4.3.2. Constructive solutions of fireproof zones in facilities should be taken on SNIP 2.09.03.
4.4. Crossing engineering communications, mines, channels
4.4.1. When laying cables and pipelines through enclosing structures with the normalized limits of fire resistance and fire hazard classes, the gaps between them should be filling out with materials that do not reduce the limit of fire resistance and the fire hazard class of these structures (Fig. 10).
Fig. 8. Promotion of fire overlap to the outer wall
4.4.2. In the fire walls, it is allowed to organize ventilation and smoke channels so that in the places of their placement the limit of fire resistance of the fire wall on each side of the channel was at least Rei 150 in the Film Walls of the 1st Type and Rei 45 in the Film Walls of the 2nd Type (Fig. 11 ).
4.4.3. When designing the intersections of fire prevention barriers, the air ducts should be guided by the indications of SNiP 2.04.05.
4.4.4. When transporting fire hazardous substances and materials, transporting structures should be carried out from materials of the NG group. In these cases, or when using materials of G1-G4 groups, in these structures, it is necessary to provide a device of compartments, sections, restriction of spill of flammable liquids, valve protection, flames, fireproofers, zones, belts and inserts from the materials of the NG group, the use of automatic fire extinguishing equipment. If it is impossible to cross the intersection during the operation of communications, obstacles should be arranged overlapping dams and inserts from materials that are spilled at high temperatures and blocking the spread of the fire (Fig. 12).
Fig. 9. Fireproof zone
Fig. 10. Intersection of fire walls, zones and overlap of 1 type by channels, mines, pipelines
Figure 11. Placement of ventilation and smoke channels in fire walls
Fig. 12. Intersection of fire walls Communications with fire hazardous substances and materials
5. Empty in structures
5.1. In the walls, partitions, overlaps and coatings and other enclosing structures of buildings, it is not allowed to provide voids bounded by materials of groups G3, G4, with the exception of voids:
In the wooden structures of floors and coatings separated by deaf diaphragms on the plot of no more than 54 m 2, as well as along the contour of the inner walls;
Between the steel or aluminum profiled sheet and vaporizolation, provided that the insulation is located from the material of the NG Group, G1, G2 behind the vaporizolation. With a heater from materials of groups G3, G4 (including without vapor barrier), these voids in the ends of sheets should be filled with the material of NG groups, G1, G2 for a length of at least 25 cm;
Between the structures of the group group and their cladding from the materials of the groups G3, G4 on the side of the premises, provided that these voids are separated by deaf diaphragms on the plots of no more than 3 m 2;
Between cladding from materials of groups G3, G4 and the outer surfaces of the walls of single-storey buildings with a height from the ground level to the eaves of not more than 6 m and the construction area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 300 m 2, provided that these voids are separated by deaf diaphragms on the area of \u200b\u200bno more than 7.2 m 2.
The deaf diaphragms are allowed to be carried out from materials of groups G3, G4.
5.2. In the coatings of buildings with a metal profiled flooring and thermal insulation layer of materials of groups G1-G4, it is necessary to fill the emptiness of the roots of the flooring for a length of 250 mm. The material of the NG group in the places of adjoins of flooring to walls, deformation seams, walls of lanterns, and on each side of the roofing walls and Endovy.
6. Suspended ceilings
6.1. Filling out suspended ceilings is allowed to be carried out from materials of groups G3, G4, with the exception of fillings of suspended ceilings in common corridors, on stairs, in stair cells, lobby, halls, and fauges of buildings I - III degrees of fire resistance. This should be guided by paragraph 6.25 SNiP 21-01.
6.2 When using suspended ceilings to increase the fire resistance limits of overlapping and coatings, the limit of fire resistance overlap and coating with a suspended ceiling should be determined as for a single design. Suspended ceilings should not have openings, and communications located above the suspended ceilings should be performed from the materials of the NG group.
7. Facing and decoration of structures
7.1. In the buildings of the I-III degrees of fire resistance classes of fire danger C0, C1, the facing of the outer surfaces of the outer walls is not allowed from the materials of the G1-G4 groups.
7.2. The door of the built-in cabinets for the placement of fire cranes is allowed to be performed from materials of groups G3 , G4.
7.3. To protect technological equipment, increasing the limits of fire resistance of structures, restrictions on the spread of flames for combustible surfaces, protection of openings, electrical wiring It is advisable to use flame retardant tools: plastering, cladding, coating, varnishes, swept paints. The choice of flame retardants is made taking into account:
Type, location of the design, equipment or communications, requirements for fire resistance or fire hazard;
Technology of application, the required life and replacement of the coating;
Operational characteristics of the coating under the conditions used (the possibility of mechanical impact, vibration, etc.);
Temperature and humidity regime, the effects of the aggressive environment;
Increase the load on the design due to the coating;
Aesthetic requirements;
Technical and economic justification.
8. Fire retention designs
8.1. To limit the spread of the fire according to the designs of C1, K2, K3 classes, as well as having voids, it is recommended to organize ridges, belts, diaphragms and visors from the materials of the NG group, disperse these structures and protruding their surface.
8.2. The restriction of the thermal and radiant effects of the fire can be achieved by the stationary or mobile screens device (steel sheet, asbestos sheet, water curtains or screens).
9.1. In the premises in which combustible fluids are produced, the floors should be carried out from the materials of the NG group.
9.2. To limit the spindlers of spill, flammable and flammable liquids, it is necessary to provide for the tanks and technological equipment with these substances at the level of sides. The permissible spill area should be determined from the conditions for extinguishing the local fire on this area with primary means and the first arriving units of fire protection, as well as taking into account ensuring the safe evacuation of people and limit the effects of high temperatures on adjacent equipment and building structures with low fire resistance or with materials of G3 groups, G4.
10. Roofing
10.1. In the buildings of all degrees of fire resistance, the roofing, rafters and the crate of the attic coatings are allowed from the materials of the G1-G4 groups. At the same time, the rafters and the crate of attic coatings (except for buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance classes of fire hazard C2 and C3) should be subjected to flame retardant processing. The quality of flame retardant processing should be such that the design corresponds to the requirements of the group G3.
In buildings with attacks (with the exception of buildings of IV degree of fire resistance) during the device rafters and crates from materials of groups G3, G4 is not allowed to use roofs from materials of groups G3, G4.
10.2. On coatings with carrier steel profiled flooring, it is not allowed to install apparatuses and equipment with combustible materials flammable and combustible liquids and gases.
10.3. The maximum permissible area of \u200b\u200bthe roof without gravel backfill, as well as the area of \u200b\u200bplots separated by fire belts, should be taken in Table. 2.
table 2
| Flaming groups (g) and the spread of the flame (RP) of the roof of the water insulation carpet, not lower | A group of flammability of the material base under roofing, not lower | The maximum permissible area of \u200b\u200bthe roof without gravel swelling is not more than, m 2 |
| G2, RP2. | NG, G1. | With no restrictions |
| G2, g3, g4 | 10000 | |
| G3, RP2. | NG, G1. | 10000 |
| G2, g3, g4 | 6500 | |
| GZ, RP3 | NG, G1. | 5200 |
| Г2. | 3600 | |
| G3. | 2000 | |
| G4 | 1200 | |
| G4 | NG, G1. | 3600 |
| Г2. | 2000 | |
| G3. | 1200 | |
| G4 | 400 |
Film belts should be performed as protective layers of operated roofs (according to p. 2.11 SNIP II-26-76) with a width of at least 6 m. Fire belts must cross the base under the roof (including thermal insulation), made from the materials of the combustibility groups G3 and G4, For all the thickness of these materials.
If the total thickness of the waterproofing carpet of the combustibility groups G3 and G4 exceeds 6 mm, the protective layer of SNIP II-26-76 should be provided.
The places of intersection of the roofing walls are allowed to be considered as a fire belt.
Section III
Entertainment and cultural and educational institutions (class F2). Population services (class F3).
Educational institutions, scientific and design organizations, management institutions (class F4)
GENERAL RULES
1. Degree of fire resistance, class structural fire hazard, buildings, floor area, premises
1.1. The degree of fire resistance, the class of structural fire danger, the number of floors and the floor area of \u200b\u200bbuildings within the fire compartment should be taken in accordance with paragraphs. 6.1-6.4 Section 1 "General". In the absence of calculated data, it is recommended to be guided by Table. 3-5.
Table 3.
| Degree of fire resistance of buildings | The greatest number of floors | Floor area, m 2, between fire walls in the building | |||||
| one-story | 2-storey | 3-5 storey | 6-9 storey | 10-16 storey | |||
| I. | C0. | 16 | 6000 | 5000 | 5000 | 5000 | 2500 |
| I. | C1 | 5 | 6000 | 4000 | 4000 | ||
| I. | C2. | 1 | 3000 | ||||
| II. | C0. | 5 | 3000 | 2000 | 2000 | ||
| II. | C1 | 3 | 3000 | 2000 | 2000 | ||
| II. | C2. | 1 | 2000 | ||||
| III | C0. | 1 | 2500 | ||||
| III | C1 | 2 | 2000 | 1400 | |||
| III | C2. | 1 | 800 | ||||
| IV | C1, C2. | 2 | 1200 | 800 | |||
| IV | C3. | 1 | 1200 | ||||
1.2. The area between the fire walls of one-story buildings with a two-story part, which occupies less than 15% of the building building area, should be taken as for single-storey buildings.
1.3. In buildings I, the degree of fire resistance in the presence of an automatic fire extinguishing area of \u200b\u200bthe floor between fire walls can be increased no more than twice.
1.4. For the storage of explosion hazardous materials, as well as X-ray films and other flammable materials (liquids), separate buildings should be provided not lower than I degree of fire resistance.
Stores of flammable materials (goods) and combustible liquids should be placed in outer walls with window openings and provide input through a tambour gateway.
1.5. Placing workshops, storerooms and other premises intended for the design for the design for the storage or processing of combustible materials, under visual and assembly halls, as well as in the basement and ground floors of the buildings of children's preschool institutions, schools, sleeping buildings of boarding schools, for schools, hospitals Therapeutic institutions and sleeping buildings of sanatoriums are not allowed.
Skiing accommodation directly under the bedroom premises are not allowed
1.6. Storeroom combustible materials should, as a rule, be placed in the outer walls and divide on the compartments with an area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 700 m 2, allowing the installation of mesh or not reaching the ceiling of septum within each compartment. Smoke removal in this case is provided on the compartment as a whole.
1.7. In each compartment of basement or basement floors (twisted by more than 0.5 m), there must be at least two hatches or windows with a width of 0.9 m and a height of 1.2 m. The area of \u200b\u200bthis compartment should be no more than 700 m 2.
1.8. Wooden walls on the inside, partitions and ceilings of buildings of IV degree of fire resistance clubs (F2.1), medical and outpatient polyclinical institutions (F3.4), schools (F4.1) (except for single-storey buildings of clubs with minced or bruschable walls) should Being a fire hazard class.
2. Fireproof obstacles
2.1. Warehouses, storerooms, workshops, installations for mounting machine and bulk scenery, dust removal chamber, ventilation chambers, premises of the fire curtain winches and smoke hatches, rechargeable, transformer substations must have 1-th type fire prangies, overlap - 3 type and doors - 2nd type.
2.2. In buildings 4 floors and more as a translucent filling of doors, fraumug (in the doorways, partitions and walls, including the inner walls of staircases) and partitions should be applied tempered or reinforced glass and glass blocks. In buildings with a height of less than 4 floors, the types of translucent filling are not limited.
2.3. Sliding partitions should be protected on both sides by the materials of the NG group, providing the limit of fire resistance EI 30.
2.4. Stores of flammable materials (goods) and combustible liquids in public buildings and structures should be separated by firebits of the 1st type and overlap - the 3rd type.
3. Sheds, galleries, garbage chutes
3.1. The degree of fire resistance attached to the building of canopies, terraces, galleries, and also separated by fireproof walls of service and other buildings and structures is allowed to take by one degree of fire resistance lower than the degree of fire resistance of buildings.
3.2. Fencing constructions of transitions between buildings (enclosures) should have the limits of fire resistance corresponding to the main building (body). Pedestrian and communication tunnels should be designed from materials of the NG Group. The walls of the buildings in the places of adjustment to these transitions of the tunnels should be provided from the materials of the NG group with the EI 120 fire resistance limit. The doors in the openings of these walls leading to transitions and tunnels must be fire-fighting 2 types.
3.3. The garbage collector should have an independent opening the output, isolated from the entrance to the building with a deaf wall (screen), is released by fireproof partitions with the EI 60 fire resistance limit and the overlap with the fire resistance Rei 60 and must be made of the materials of the NG Group.
4.1. The storeroom doors for the storage of combustible materials, workshops for the processing of combustible materials, electrical, ventilation chambers and other fire-hazardous technical premises, as well as storage facilities for storage and ironing in children's school institutions should have a limit of fire resistance at least EI 30.
4.2. The doors of the elevator mines in the basement and basement floors should go out into halls or tambour-gateways, fencing firewalls. The doors of elevator halls and tambour-gateways should be fire-fighting, self-shocking with compacted concubuses, and from the sides of the elevators can be from the materials of the G4 group (without glazing).
4.3. Glazed doors and framugues above them in the interior walls of the stairwells are allowed to be used in buildings of all degrees of fire resistance; At the same time, in buildings with a height of more than four floors, the glazing should be provided from reinforced glass.
5.1. The use of carpet coatings from materials of groups B2, B3 and D2, D3 is not allowed. In general corridors and halls, with the exception of buildings of classes F2 and F1.1, carpets are allowed from materials of groups G3, B2, D2, and in buildings with a height of 10 floors and more groups G1, G2, B1, D1. Carpeted coatings should be passed on the base from the materials of the NG group, except for the IV degree of fire resistance.
6. Smoke removal
6.1. The pandering combustible goods (F5) area of \u200b\u200bmore than 50 m 2 should include smoke removal through window openings or special mines, and when placing such storerooms in the basement - in accordance with paragraph 1.7 of this section.
From the pantry area of \u200b\u200bup to 50 m 2, having exits in the corridors, smoke removal is allowed to be provided through windows located at the end of the corridors. From storerooms adjacent to unloading rooms and platforms associated with them doors and window openings, smoke removal is not required.
Entertainment and cultural and educational institutions (class F2)
7. Degree of fire resistance, class structural fire danger, buildings, floor area, premises
7.1. The degree of fire resistance, the fire hazard class, the largest number of floors of cultural and entertainment buildings or structures (F2.1, F2.3) should be taken depending on the capacity of visual halls in the table. four.
Table 4.
| Buildings or structures | Degree of fire resistance | Class of constructive fire danger | The greatest number of floors | The greatest capacity of the hall, places |
| Cinemas (F2.1) |
||||
| IV | C0, C1, C2 | 1 | Up to 300. | |
| III | C0. | 2 | ” 400 | |
| II. | C0, C1. | 2 | ” 600 | |
| I. | C1 | 2 | ” 800 | |
| I. | C0. | Do not normal | ||
| (F2.3): | ||||
| closed | IV | C0.c1, C2. | 1 | Up to 600. |
| III | C0. | 1 | ” 600 | |
| I, II. | C0, C1. | 1 | Not normalized | |
| open | Any | Any | 1 | Up to 600. |
| I, II. | C0, C1. | 1 | Not normalized | |
| Clubs | IV | C2, C3. | 1 | Up to 300. |
| IV | C1 | 2 | ” 300 | |
| III | C0. | 2 | ” 400 | |
| II. | C0, C1. | 3* | ” 600 | |
| I. | C1 | 3* | Not normalized | |
| I. | C0. | Do not normal | ||
| Theaters | " | C0. | Also | |
____________
* Visual halls should be placed not above the second floor.
7.2. Frames of add-ons over the supporting structures of balconies, amphitheater and partner of the visual hall necessary to form a slope or stepped floor of the class KO should also be class KO.
Void under superstructures must be separated by diaphragms on the compartments of no more than 100 m 2. With the height of emptiness, more than 1.2 m should include inputs for inspection of emptiness.
7.3. When placed on the visual halls of the premises, the carrier structures of overlapping (farms, beams, etc.) should be protected at the top and bottom of the ns from the materials of the NG group with the fire resistance limit of at least Rei 45.
Premises for illumination of the scene, located within the dimensions of the overlap of the auditorium, must have 1-type fireborne partitions.
The overlap under the actual hall - the lecture audience - should be fire-fighting 2nd type.
Bearing coating structures over the scene and the auditorium (farm, beams, flooring, etc.) in the buildings of theaters, as well as clubs with scenes (sizes of at least 7.5 m), class K0 should be performed.
7.4. Storage rooms, storerooms, workshops, installations for mounting machine and bulk scenery, dust removal chamber, ventilation chambers, premises of the fire curtain winches and flue hatches, rechargeable, transformer substations are not allowed under the auditorium and scene tablet, with the exception of the safe decoration Fire curtain and flue hatches, lifting-destructive devices without oil-filled equipment.
The opening of the safe should be protected by shields with the limit of fire resistance at least Ei 30.
7.5. The premises of the fire station-dispatching should be designed with natural lighting and positioning or at the level of the tablet scene (pop), or the floor below, near the outside outlet or staircase.
The premises of the pumping fire and economic water supply should be placed adjacent or under the fire post of the control room with a convenient message between them.
7.6. The degree of fire resistance of sports builders with seats for viewers (F2.1) should be taken in accordance with the total capacity of inpatient and temporary places for the audience, provided for by the hall of the hall of the hall: IV-with the number of places not more than 300, III - no more than 400, II - not More than 600, I is not normalized.
In buildings II degree of fire resistance with elements of coating from wooden structures under walls, columns, stairs and interoaded floors having fire resistance and distribution limits, required for buildings I degree fire resistance and fire hazard class K0, the capacity of one-story room may be no more than 4 thousand .
7.7. The degree of fire resistance of the tribune of any capacity of open structures (F2.3) using the subbands with the placement of auxiliary premises in it on two floors and more should be taken at no lower I, with one-storey placement of auxiliary premises and the sub-space, the degree of fire resistance is not normalized.
The carrying structures of the tribun of open sports facilities without using the prebno-space with the number of rows more than 20 should be class K0 with the fire resistance limit of at least R 45, and with the number of rows up to 20 the fire resistance limit is not normalized.
7.8. Buildings of indoor sports facilities II degree of fire resistance (F2.1, F3.6) When placed on the upper floor, only auxiliary premises can be two-storey, and with walls, columns, stairs and interoaded floors having fire resistance limits required for buildings I degree of fire resistance, And the class of fire danger is a k0-high to five floors.
7.9. In indoor sports facilities (F2.1), the supporting structures of stationary stands with a capacity of more than 600 spectators should be performed by class K0, and more than 300 to 600 viewers - K0, K1, K2 classes.
The limit of fire resistance of the supporting structures of C1-K4 classes should be at least R 45. The supporting structures of the stationary tribune with a capacity of less than 300 viewers is allowed to be used class K2, K3.
The limit of fire resistance of the carrier structures of transformable tribunes (retractable, etc.), regardless of the capacity, should be at least R 15.
These requirements do not apply to temporary audience places installed on the semi arena during its transformation.
7.10. Materials for seats on the stands of any capacity of open and indoor sports facilities (F2.1, F2.3) may be groups G3, G4. Synthetic materials when combustion should be groups D1.
The wooden floor coating of the grade in spectacular and sport-spectacular halls should be group G3.
7.11. The location of the premises intended for the storage of combustible materials, under the podiums of open sports facilities II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance is not allowed.
When placing the tires for the pool shooting in the subband space of open and indoor sports facilities, the warehouses of the ammunition must be taken out of the prebno-space.
7.12. The carrier elements of the tablet scene must be class K0. When applying wood for flooring for these elements, as well as grain flooring and flooring of working galleries, it must be subjected to deep impregnation with antipirens, providing a combustibility group G3.
7.13. Frames and filling of carcasses of suspended ceilings over visual halls and the case of ceilings and the walls of the visual halls of clubs with scenes, as well as theaters and halls of indoor sports facilities (F2.1) with a capacity of more than 800 seats; class K0, and with a capacity of up to 800 places (except for buildings IV degree of fire resistance) - can be from materials of groups G1, G2.
Holes in solid suspended ceilings to install loudspeakers, lighting lamps and other equipment should be protected from top of the covers from the NG group with the EI 30 fire resistance limit.
8. Fireproof obstacles
8.1. In buildings II degree of fire resistance during the placement of the visual hall and the foyer (F2.1) on the second floor of the overlap under them should be fire-fighting 2 types.
Overlapping over the basement and basement floors in buildings II, III, IV fire resistance, the 3rd type fire resistance must be fireproof.
8.2. Handy space over the auditorium in buildings II and III degrees of fire resistance should be fencing from adjacent spaces with fire walls of the 2nd type or 1-type partitions.
8.3. The processing of technological maintenance of the demo complex (F2.1) should be highlighted by the 1st-type firefares and the overlap of the 3rd type (except for rooms to illuminate the scene located within the dimensions of the scene overlapping).
In buildings of the III and IV degrees of fire resistance, the premises of the projection, designed for equipment with film projectors with incandescent lamps should be placed in extensions with walls, partitions, overlap and coatings of K0 classes, K1 with the limit of fire resistance at least Rei 45.
8 4. Between the auditorium and the deep grateful scene, it is necessary to provide a fire-fighting wall of the 1st type.
8 5. Fencing structures of orchestral pit should be fire prevention (partitions - 2nd type, overlap - 3 type).
Wood used for finishing and flooring of the orchestra pit, must be group G3.
8.6. When designing theaters (F2.1) with the placement of industrial premises (F5.1), as well as reserve warehouses (F5.2) in the main building they should be separated from the rest of the premises of the 1st-type firefields.
8.7 windows and holes from premises, rirprojects on stage or arierarszen, film projects, from the premises of hardware and light-proof in the visual hall if the film projectors are installed in them, must be protected by curtains or flaps with the fire resistance limit of at least Ei 15.
The windows and openings of the light-level, equipped for dynamic projection can be protected by tempered glass.
8.8. The premises located under the podium covers and open sports facilities (F2.1) should be separated from the tribune by fireproof obstacles (overlaps of the 3rd type, 1-type partitions).
Doors in 1-type partitions should be self-displays with a dense entrance and can be from materials of groups G3, G4.
8.9. Auxiliary premises in sports facilities (F2.1, F3.6) must be separated from the harness by fire walls of the 1st type.
8.10. When blocking a year-round cinema (F2.1) with a seasonal cinema (F2.3) of varying degrees of fire resistance between them, a fire wall of the 2nd type should be provided between them.
8.11. The opening of the building portal of clubs and theaters (F2.1) with halls with a capacity of 800 places and more should be protected by the fire curtain.
The limit of fire resistance of the fire curtain should be at least Ei 60. The insulation of the curtain must be from the materials of the NG and D1.
9.1. Door openings in the fire wall at the level of the trim and tablet scenes, as well as exits from grateproof stairs in the hold and on the scene (with the prevention curtain) should be protected by cam-gateways.
9.2. In the openings of decoration warehouses on the part of the scene and pockets, it is necessary to provide fire-fighting doors of the 1st type, in grate stairs - the 2nd type.
10.1. The wooden population coating in the spectacular and sport-spectacular halls (F2.1) must be subjected to deep impregnation with antipirens providing a combustibility group G3.
11. Smoke removal
11.1. Smoke hatches should be placed on the scene. The superstructure over the smoke hatch should be carried out from the materials of the NG group, and the valves - groups G1, G2.
Population Services (Class F3)
12. Degree of fire resistance, class structural fire hazard, buildings, floor area, premises
12.1. In the buildings of the Airprokes (F3.3), the floor area between fire walls is not limited to the equipment of automatic fire extinguishing equipment.
In the buildings of the IR levels of fire resistance, the floor area between fire walls can be increased to 10,000 m 2, unless warehouses, storerooms and other rooms with combustible materials are not located in the basements and ground floors (except for luggage storage and dressing staff). Storage cameras (except equipped with automatic cells) and the wardrobe must be separated from the rest of the basement of the 1st-type fire pillars and equip automatic fire extinguishing plants, and the command-dispatching points are fire-fighting partitions.
12.2. Stores selling flammable materials, as well as combustible liquids (F3. 1) (oils, paints, solvents, etc.) should be placed in separate buildings.
12.3. Buildings of libraries and archives (F2.1, F5.2) should be designed no more than nine floors.
12.4. Household service enterprises (F3), which use flammable substances (with the exception of hairdressers, workshops on the repair of hours of up to 300 m 2), not allowed to be placed in the buildings of the F1-F4 classes.
12.5. Reception points of secondary raw materials from the population (F3.5), as a rule, should be designed in separate buildings (store pavilions) or in extensions to buildings of household services.
With the cooperation of household service enterprises with other institutions, it is allowed to combine premises for visitors to various institutions, while providing self-closing doors from sectional premises.
12.6. The degree of fire resistance buildings of baths and bath-wellness complexes (F3.6) with a capacity of more than 20 places should be no lower than II.
12.7. Premises of the built-in bathhouse of dry heat (saunas) (F3.6) can be placed in public buildings and facilities, the list of which is established by the republican and local bodies of architecture and construction together with interested republican state supervisory authorities.
It is not allowed to accommodate built-in saunas in basements, under the ribunes, in the bedrooms of children's health camps, boarding schools, pre-school institutions, stationary hospitals, as well as indoors and adjacent to them, in which more than 100 people are located.
When the built-in sauna device requires compliance with the following requirements:
parry capacity no more than 10 places;
selection of a steam room and a sauna premises complex in buildings I and II fire resistance fire resistance 1th-type firefares and 3-type overlap, in buildings III degree of fire resistance - fireproof partitions and overlaps with a fire resistance estimate of at least Ei 60;
equipment with factory fabrication with automatic protection and disconnection to complete cooling after 8 hours of continuous operation;
the device in the parch separation of perforated dry hard workers connected to the inner water supply.
13. Fireproof obstacles
13.1. Premises of therapeutic, outpatient polyclinic institutions and pharmacies (F3.4) (except for the premises of the medical personnel of public buildings and facilities, pharmacy kiosks) when they are placed in the buildings of other purposes, they must be separated from the rest of the prevention walls of the 1st type and have independent outputs outward
13.2. In the station buildings (F3.3), instead of fire walls, a device of water drainage curtains in two threads located at a distance of 0.5 m and providing irrigation intensity of at least 1 l / s per 1 m of the curtain length are allowed. Work time at least 1 h.
13.3. Retail trade enterprises (F3.1) trading area of \u200b\u200bmore than 100 m 2, located in other destination buildings, one should be separated from other enterprises and premises with fire walls of the 2nd type and 2-type overlap.
13.4. In the buildings of shops for the sale of flammable materials, as well as combustible liquids (F3.1) (oils, paints, solvents, etc.), other stores and household service enterprises are allowed, provided that they are separated by the fire wall of the 1st type.
13.5. Storeroom combustible goods and goods in combustible packaging should be separated from the 1-th type firefare from the commercial hall with an area of \u200b\u200b250 m 2 or more.
13.6. The position of the fireborne partition separating the storerooms from the trading hall is determined taking into account the possible expansion of the trading hall. For pantry non-combustible goods without packaging placed on an area intended for the subsequent expansion of the trading room, it is allowed not to provide for a fireproof partition separating storehouses from the trading room.
13.7. Consumer services (F3) enterprises of more than 200 m 2, placed in the composition of trade and public centers or public buildings of another destination, should be separated from other enterprises and premises with fire walls of the 2nd type and overlap of the 2nd type.
14. Smoke removal
14.1. Shoppingals without natural light should be provided with smoke removal devices.
Educational institutions, scientific and design organizations, management institutions (class F4)
15. Degree of fire resistance, class structural fire danger, buildings, floor area, premises
15.1. The degree of fire resistance, the class of constructive fire danger, the greatest number and the largest floors of schools and boarding schools (F4.1) should be taken depending on the number of students or places in the building on Table. five.
Table 5.
The construction of four-storey buildings of schools and training boarding schools is allowed in large and largest cities, except located in seismic areas.
15.2. Buildings of vocational schools (F4.1) should be designed, as a rule, no more than four floors.
15.3. Educational buildings of secondary special (F4.1) and higher (F4.2) educational institutions should be designed, as a rule, not higher than nine floors.
16. Fireproof obstacles
16.1. Overlapping over basements of schools and boarding schools and boarding schools (F4.1) III and IV degrees of fire resistance should be fire-fighting 3rd type.
17. Finish
17.1. Facing and decoration of walls of walls, partitions and ceilings of halls for more than 75 places (except halls in buildings IV degree of fire resistance) should be provided from the materials of the NG groups, G1, G2.
Premises, buildings and structures of industrial and warehousing (class F5)
1. Degree of fire resistance, class of structural fire hazard, height, number of floors of buildings, height, width and floors
1.1. The degree of fire resistance, the class of structural fire danger of buildings, the permissible number of floors and the floor area of \u200b\u200bthe building within the fire compartment should be taken in accordance with PP. 6.1-6.4 Section 1. In the absence of the required calculation data, it is recommended to be guided by Table. 6-8.
When equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations listed in Table. 6-8 floors of floors are allowed to increase by 100%, with the exception of buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance.
The floor area and the allowable number of floors are installed for buildings with rooms of one category. When placed in the building of various categories of the floor area and the permissible number of floors are determined by the total category of building (or fire compartment), which is established in the technological part of the project in accordance with the NPB 105-95.
In the presence of open technological openings in the overlaps of related floors, the total area of \u200b\u200bthese floors should not exceed the floor area indicated in Table. 6-8.
1.2. The sawmills with the number of frames up to four, the woodworking trails of the primary wood processing and the chopping stations of the wood crushing are allowed in the two-storey buildings IV degree of fire resistance at the floor area of \u200b\u200b600 m 2.
Table 6.
| Permissible number of floors | Degree of fire resistance of buildings | Class of constructive fire hazard buildings | ||||
| single-storey | two-storey | three-storey and more | ||||
| BUT | I. | C0. | Not limited | |||
| Not OGR. | 5200 | 3500 | ||||
| C1 | Not OGR. 7800 | 7800 5200 | 5200 3500 |
|||
| 6 | II. | C0. | Not limited | |||
| Not OGR. | 5200 | 3500 | ||||
| 6 | C1 | Not OGR. 5200 | 5200 3500 | 3500 - |
||
| 2 | ||||||
| 1 | III | C0, C1. | 5200 3500 | - | - | |
| - | - | |||||
| B. | 8 | 1 | C0. | Not limited | ||
| 6 | Not OGR. | 10400 | 7800 | |||
| 6 | C1 | Not OGR. 5200 | 10400 3500 | 7800 - |
||
| II. | C0. | Not limited | ||||
| 6 | Not OGR. | 7800 | 5200 | |||
| 6 | C1 | 7800 5200 | 5200 3500 | 3500 - |
||
| 2 | ||||||
| 1 | III | C0, C1. | 5200 3500 | - | - | |
____________
* Above the line with the magnitude of the fire load less: for 1 degree of fire resistance, 2200 MJ / m 2, II - 1400 MJ / m 2, III - 180 MJ / m 2, below the line for other cases.
Table 7.
| Category of buildings or fire compartments | Permissible number of floors | Degree of fire resistance of buildings | Class of constructive fire hazard buildings | Floor area within the fire compartment, m 2, buildings * | |||
| single-storey | two-storey | three-storey and more | |||||
| IN 1 | 6 | I. | C0. | 25000 | 10400 | 7800 | |
| AT 2 | 8 | Not OGR. | 25000 | 10400 | |||
| IN 3 | 8 | Not limited | 25000 | ||||
| AT 4 | 10 | Not limited | |||||
| IN 1 | 6 | C1 | 10400 | 7800 | 5200 | ||
| AT 2 | 8 | 25000 | 10400 | 7800 | |||
| IN 3 | 8 | Not OGR. | 25000 | 10400 | |||
| AT 4 | 10 | Not limited | |||||
| IN 1 | 6 | II. | C0. | 15000 | 10400 | 7800 | |
| AT 2 | 6 | 25000 | 15000 | 10400 | |||
| IN 3 | 8 | Not OGR. | 25000 | 15000 | |||
| AT 4 | 10 | Not limited | |||||
| IN 1 | 3 | C1 | 10400 | 7800 | 5200 | ||
| AT 2 | 3 | 15000 | 10400 | 7800 | |||
| IN 3 | 6 | 25000 | 15000 | 10400 | |||
| AT 4 | 10 | Not OGR. | 25000 | 15000 | |||
| B1, B2, B3 | 2 | III | C0. | 25000 | 10400 | - | |
| AT 4 | 6 | Not OGR. | 25000 | 10400 | |||
| B1, B2, B3 | 2 | C1 | 10400 | 7800 | - | ||
| AT 4 | 3 | 15000 | 10400 | 7800 | |||
| B1, B2, V | 1 | C2. | 2600 | 2000 | - | ||
| AT 4 | 2 | 3500 | 2600 | - | |||
| B1, B2, V | 1 | IV | C1 | 3500 | 2600 | - | |
| AT 4 | 2 | C2, C3. | 2600 | 1500 | - | ||
Table 8.
| Category of buildings or fire compartments | Permissible number of floors | Degree of fire resistance of buildings | Class of constructive fire hazard buildings | Floor area within the fire compartment, m 2, buildings * | ||
| single-storey | two-storey | three-storey and more | ||||
| G. | 10 | I. | C0, C1. | Not limited | ||
| 10 | II. | C0. | Not limited | |||
| 6 | C1 | 25000 | 15000 | 10400 | ||
| 6 | III | C0. | Not limited | |||
| 3 | C1 | 20000 | - | - | ||
| 1 | C2. | 3500 | 2600 | - | ||
| D. | 10 | I. | C0, C1. | Not limited | ||
| 10 | II. | C0. | Not limited | |||
| 6 | C1 | Not OGR. | 25000 | 15000 | ||
| 6 | III | C0. | Not limited | |||
| 3 | C1 | 25000 | 10400 | - | ||
| 2 | C2. | 10400 | 7800 | - | ||
| 2 | IV | C1 | 3500 | 2600 | - | |
| 2 | C2, C3. | 2600 | 1500 | - | ||
1.4. When determining the floors of the building, platforms, tiers of tiers and mezzanine are taken into account, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich at any mark is more than 40% of the building floor area. In this case, the requirements for the floor area are defined as a multi-storey building.
1.5. Building III degree of fire resistance of fire hazard class C0 categories B3, B4 Design with the number of floors from 3 to 6 inclusive when applying enclosing structures (walls and coatings) of class K0, slabs of overlappings with the limit of fire resistance Rei 45, fire-hazing equipment equipped with automatic fire extinguishing equipment and highlighting These premises are 1-type firefares. At the same time, the floor area for buildings in three floors and more should take no more than 10,400 m 2.
In single-storey buildings III degrees of fire resistance C1 categories B3, B4 when applying enclosing structures (walls and coatings) of the fire hazard class K0, slabs of overlaps with the fire resistance of Rei 45 and highlighting fire hazardous rooms by firebreed 1 type of type is allowed to take the floor area no more than 50,000 m 2 When equipping facilities of categories A, b and in automatic fire extinguishing installations.
1.6. Laboratory buildings Research Institute of Natural and Technical Sciences I Degree Fire Resistance Category B is allowed to design a height of up to 10 floors inclusive (when using the tenth floor as a technical and netting of the top floor of the upper desktop, not more than 28 m from the layer of land).
1.7. Multi-storey warehouse buildings categories B and V should be designing no more than 60 m wide.
1.8. The height of one-storey warehouse buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance should be taken no more than 18m (from gender to the bottom of the bearing coating designs on the support).
1.9. The area of \u200b\u200bthe floor within the fire compartment, shown in the tables, is indicated when using fire walls or fireproof zones.
1.10. The area of \u200b\u200bthe first floor of a multi-storey building is allowed to be taken on the standards of a one-story building if the overlap over the first floor is a fire-based 1 type.
1.11. Storage buildings with high-altitude shelving storage (from 5.5 to 23 m) should be designed by single-storey I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, Fire Danger classes C0 and C1 with lamps or exhaust mines for smoke removal on the coating, taking into account the requirements for the premises and equipment of warehouses with High-rise rack storage.
In the outer walls and places of the transverse passes in the racks, doorways should be provided.
1.12. Columns and overlaps of the feeds and sites placed in buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance should be designed from materials of the NG Group, and in buildings IV degree of fire resistance is allowed - from materials of groups G1, G2.
1.13. For the supporting structures of steel feeds placed in buildings with rooms with categories A, B, B1 and B2, it is necessary to provide protection that ensures the limit of fire resistance of these structures is at least R 45. In this case, automatic fire extinguishing means should be provided.
Note - In the premises of categories A and B, it should be provided for the protection of individual steel structures from sparking.
1.14. The number of floors and the area of \u200b\u200bfire compartments depending on the degree of fire resistance inserts (F3.6, F4.3) should be taken in Table. nine.
Table 9.
___________
* Elements of bearing structures should have a limit of fire resistance at least R 45.
2. Basements
2.1. The basements in the placement of rooms in them categories in should be separated by firefights of the 1st type on a portion of no more than 3000 m 2 each, while the width of each part (counting from the outer wall), as a rule, should not exceed 30 m.
In rooms, more than 1000 m 2 2 should provide for at least two windows. Overlapping over basements must have a limit of fire resistance at least Rei 45.
Partitions separating premises from corridors should be fire-fighting 1 type.
2.2. Categories with category B category, which according to the requirements of production technology cannot be placed in outer walls, should be divided by fireproof partitions on a part of no more than 1500 m 2 each with a smoke removal device in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05.
3. Ramps, canopies
3.1. The designs of the ramp and canopies, adjacent to buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, should be taken from the materials of the NG Group.
4. Placement of premises, fire prevention obstacles and filling the openings in them
4.1. When placed in one building or room, technological processes with different explosion and fire hazards should include measures to prevent the explosion and dissemination of a fire. The effectiveness of these events must be justified in the technological part of the project. If the specified activities are not effective, then technological processes with different explosion and fire hazards should be placed in separate rooms.
4.2. The placement of premises of categories A and B in the basements and basement floors is not allowed.
4.3. In single-storey buildings III degrees of fire resistance and classes of constructive fire danger C2, it is allowed to place rooms of categories A and B with a total area of \u200b\u200bno more than 300 m 2. In this case, these premises must be allocated by firefights of 1-th type and overlap of the 3rd type. The outer walls of these premises must be classes K0, K1.
It is allowed to design single-storey mobile buildings III degree of fire resistance of the Fire Danger Class C2 categories A and B with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 75 m 2.
4.4. Administrative (F4.3) and household premises (F3.6) can be placed in inserts and insertions of industrial buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance categories B, G and D.
4.5. In the built-in rooms of production buildings, restrooms, restrooms, heating or cooling, personal hygiene of women, hand baths, drinking water supply devices, washbasins and seeds, premises for masters and other personnel, which, according to production conditions, should be placed near jobs, and In the premises of categories in, g and d - also smoking.
In buildings III degree of fire resistance and fire hazard class C2 built-in rooms (with the exception of restrooms, premises of personal hygiene women, hand baths, drinking water supply, wash and seamless devices) are not allowed to be placed in the outer walls, on the antlesol, on the courts.
4.6. The extent of the I degree of fire resistance should be separated from the production buildings of the I degree of fire resistance to the 1-type-type firefields.
An extension is lower than I degree of fire resistance, as well as an extension to production buildings below I degree of fire resistance and an extension to the premises and buildings of categories A and B1-B3 should be separated by fire walls of the 1st type. The extension of III degree of fire resistance is allowed to separate from production buildings III degree of fire resistance fire walls of the 2nd type.
4.7. Inserts should be separated from the production premises with fire walls of the 1st type.
In buildings of 1 and II degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to separate inserts from the production premises of categories B, r, d firebreaker 1-th type, in the buildings III buildings - fire resistance fire walls of the 2nd type; At the same time, the materials of the G1 groups, G2 are allowed in the indicated walls.
Attrokeys should be taken with the number of floors of no more than two and separate the categories of categories B, r, d fireproof partitions with the limit of fire resistance EI 90 and fire-fighting overlap of the 3rd type.
The total area of \u200b\u200binserts secreted by firefare 1-th type and fire walls of the 2nd type, as well as embedded and industrial premises, should not exceed the fire compartment area installed in Table. 6-8.
4.8. According to the requirements of the cargo storage technology, an expedition, acceptance, sorting and cargo package is allowed to post directly in storages, without separation by their partitions. At the same time, jobs for merchandising, experts, storekeners, rebels, accountants and operators are allowed to protect partitions in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.1.11 of Section II.
4.9. The placement of expenditure warehouses of raw materials and semi-finished products in production buildings in the amount established by the norms of technological design to ensure the continuity of the process is allowed directly in the industrial premises open or with mesh fencing.
The number of these goods is determined by the norms of technological design, but no more replaceable need.
4.10. Rooms of categories A, B and B1-B3 should be separated from the other, as well as from the premises of categories of B4, G and D and corridors by fireborne partitions and fireproof overlaps of the following types:
in buildings I, the degree of fire resistance - fire-fighting partitions of the 1st type, fireproof floors (inter-line and over the basement) of the 2nd type;
in buildings II degree of fire resistance - Fire-based 1-th type walls, in buildings III degree of fire resistance - 2th type, in buildings of IV degree of fire resistance of categories of categories B1-B3 - fire-prevention partitions of the 2nd type, in addition, categories of categories A and B In the buildings of the III degree of fire resistance of the Fire Danger class C1 must be allocated by fireproof overlaps (intermediates and above the basement) of the 3rd type;
in buildings IV degree of fire resistance - fireproof overlap of the 3rd type and above the basement.
When placed in the room of technological processes with the same explosion and fire hazard, the need to separate them from each other by partitions, as well as the device of vestibly gateways in the places of openings in these partitions should be justified in the process part of the project, and the use of firefare is not mandatory, except Cases stipulated by technological design standards.
4.11. In buildings I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed instead of firewall to take fire zones.
4.12. In buildings height from the planning mark of the Earth to the netting of the floor of the upper floor, more than 28 m should include elevator halls, which should be separated from other rooms and corridors with firefights 1-th type and fire-type fire doors. In the mines of elevators in the absence of tambour-gateways at the output, the air support in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05 should be ensured during the fire.
4.13. Warehouse facilities of production buildings, designed to store combustible cargo in combustible packaging, should be separated from other premises with 1-type firewings and overlap of the 3rd type (under warehouses and over warehouses). At the same time, the warehouses of finished products (combustible or non-combustible in combustible packaging) of the enterprises located in industrial buildings must be placed in external walls.
When placing shop warehouses with high-altitude shelving storage in industrial buildings, these rooms should be separated by fire walls of the 1st type and 1-type overlap. It does not allow the use of racks as carrier structures of fire barriers.
Note - Non-flammable goods in combustible packaging include non-combustible goods, which are stored in a combustible packaging or using combustible conservation materials for non-combustible cargoes also include non-combustible goods in packaging of fabric, paper (except for cardboard) or polymer films.
4.14. Warehouses of weapons, ammunition and armory workshop should be separated from the rest of the premises with fire walls of the 2nd type and overlap of the 3rd type.
4.15. The premises of the Mackety Workshops, which occur in the processes attributable to the production of category A, should have enclosing structures from the materials of the NG Group with the limit of fire resistance of at least EI 60.
Paining rooms must have windows with an area of \u200b\u200bat least 0.03 m 2 per 1 m 3 of the size of the room.
5. Smoke removal
5.1. In the presence of opening window openings, located at the top of the outer wall, in the premises of a depth of 30 m, the device of flue exhaust mines is not required. In this case, the area of \u200b\u200bwindow openings is determined by the calculation of smoke farming in the fire in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05.
5.2. It is allowed in the premises of storage facilities not to arrange window openings, in this case the smoke settlements must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05.
6. Building elements
6.1. Suspended ceilings
6.1.1. In buildings with coatings made of steel profiled flooring with a rolled or appliant roof, filling the frame of suspended ceilings and insulation of pipelines and air ducts located above the suspended ceilings should be performed from the materials of the NG group.
6.1.2. If there is in space over the suspended ceiling of communications (wowholders, pipelines or cable tracks with the number of cables more than 12) with insulation from materials of groups G1 - G4, an automatic fire extinguishing should be provided. When laying in the specified space from 5 to 12 cables and electrical wiring with such insulation, it is necessary to provide for automatic fire alarms. When laying over the suspended ceiling of cables in steel water-gas pipes, pipelines and air ducts with insulation from materials of the NG group, fire alarms and automatic fire extinguishing is not required.
6.2.1. In front of the elevators in the rooms of category A and B on all floors, there should be chain gateways with a permanent direction of air 20 Pa (2 kgf / m 2).
In the basement floors in front of the elevators, there should be chain gateways with a sub-air of air during a fire of 20 Pa (2 kgf 2).
The door of tambour-gateways by the sides of the elevators must be made of the materials of the NG group, without glazing. In the machine branches of the elevators of buildings of categories A and B, it is necessary to provide for a permanent port of air 20 Pa (2 kgf / m 2).
6.3. Anti-aircraft lights
6.3.1. Anti-aircraft lights with lighting elements made of polymeric materials (organic glass, polyester fiberglass et al.) It is allowed to be used only in buildings I and II degrees of fire resistance classes C0, C1 in rooms of categories G and D with coatings from materials of groups NG, G1 and G2 and rolled roof having a protective coating of gravel. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe lighting elements of such lanterns should not exceed 15% of the total coating area, the area of \u200b\u200bopening of one lantern is not more than 10 m 2, and the specific mass of the lighting elements is not more than 20 kg / m 2.
The distance (in the light) between anti-aircraft lamps with lighting elements made of polymeric materials should be at the area of \u200b\u200blight openings up to 5 m 2 - at least 4 m, from 5 to 10 m 2 - less than 5 m. When combining lights in groups, they are accepted for One flashlight to which all the above limitations belong.
Between the anti-aircraft lamps with light and transverse areas of the building in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the building of the building every 54 m should be arranged fire gaps with a width of at least 6 m. The horizontal distance from fire walls to anti-aircraft lamps with light-resistant fillings from polymer materials should be at least 5 m.
6.4. Enter railway paths
6.4.1. The commissioning of railway tracks in the building is allowed to provide in accordance with the technological part of the project. It should not include the entry of the locomotives of all types in the premises of categories A and B, and steam locomotives and diesel locomotives - also in the premises of the VIV room with coating structures or floors of C2 classes, K3.
6.5. Preventing the spill of the LVZH and GJ
6.5.1. Sections of overlappings and technological sites on which devices, installations and equipment are installed with the presence of flammable, combustible and toxic liquids in them must have deaf silence of non-combustible materials or pallets. The height of the side and the area between sides or pallets is installed in accordance with the technological part of the project.
Special rules
1. Facilities
1.1. Services and platforms
1.1.1. The area of \u200b\u200bone tier is separately standing by the outer shelf or the platforms with the equipment placed in the rooms of categories A, B and B1 - B3, should not exceed:
with the height of the shelf or the site up to 30 m - 5200 m 2;
with a height of 30 m and more - 3000 m 2.
With a larger area, the shells or platforms of the area should be divided into sections with ruptures between them at least 15m.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe shells and sites with the equipment of industries placed in the rooms of categories B4, G and D, is not limited.
Note - The height of the shells or equipment with equipment should be considered the maximum height of the equipment or directly the shelves that occupy at least 30% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe shelf or platform.
1.1.2. The limit areas of the feeds or sites belong to the shelves or venues with devices and capacities containing flammable and combustible fluids and liquefied gases. For shelves and equipment containing combustible gases in liquefied state, the limit area increases by 1.5 times.
1.1.3. The width of the one-standing shelf or the site should be with the height of the shelf or platform together with the equipment on it 18 m and less - no more than 48 m, more than 18m - not more than 36 m.
1.2. Cellars, tunnels, channels
1.2.1. The basements, tunnels and channels are not allowed to provide in buildings of categories A and B and in the territories where external installations are located, in which hazardous or toxic gases are applied or formed with a density of more than 0.8 in relation to air, as well as explosive dust.
In the form of an exception, it is allowed to organize open pit and trays in the premises and in the territories with the production of categories A and B, if without these pitches and trays can not provide the requirements of the technological process.
In these cases, the pit and trays must be ensured by a reliable, continuously active supply or supply-exhaust ventilation; The number of stairs from open pitches at the area of \u200b\u200btheir more than 50 m 2 or length above 30 m should be at least two. Outputs from open pit should be arranged at the floor level of the premises in opposite sides of the pit.
Note - In the industries in which substances are applied or processed with a vapor density of 0.8 in relation to air, allowed (if necessary according to the requirements of the technological process) to arrange non-ventilated channels depth of no more than 0.5 m
1.2.2. In channels, under outer or fireproof walls and walls (partitions) separating adjacent rooms of categories A, B and B1 - B3, it is necessary to arrange a deaf diaphragm from the materials of the NG group with the limit of fire resistance corresponding to the fire resistance of the walls, but not less Ei 45.
In channels intended for laying pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids or combustible gases under the walls separating adjacent rooms, it must be filled with sand to the entire height of the channel for a length of at least 1 m at the top of each direction from the wall axis. Every 80 m along the length of the channel, it is necessary to arrange sandy inks (jumpers) with a length of at least 2 m.
Note - In the underground channels-ducts, the installation of fire-retardant valves instead of the diaphragms is not allowed
1.2.3. In tunnels (except for pedestrian and cable), oil conductive laying is allowed (for example, in rolling mills of ferrous metallurgy plants), subject to the separation of tunnels on a length of no more than 150 m long. Partitions between compartments must have a limit of fire resistance at least EI 45, and the door in partitions - At least ei 30.
1.2.4. Cable tunnels and channels must be carried out from the materials of the NG group with the fire resistance limit of at least Ei 45.
Cable tunnels are subject to separated on firefire compartments. The length of the tunnel compartment should be no more than 150 m, and with oil-filled cables - no more than 120 m. Doors between compartments must be fire-fighting, self-shocking without locks, have seals in the coarse and open in the direction of the nearest output.
1.2.5. Channels should be designed with removable coatings from the NG (plates, trays, etc.).
It is allowed in rooms with parquet floors (for example, in control panels) to arrange overlapping of cable channels from wooden shields with a parquet, protected from below the material of the NG and G1 groups, G2, with coatings on it with ferrous hot rolled tin or thin-leaf roofing steel, providing fire resistance limit Less EI 30.
1.3. Galleries, overpass
1.3.1. Galleries and overpass, intended for transportation of non-aggravated and non-heated materials or plug-in materials (peat, wood), at the height of the gallery or overpass, not more than 10m is allowed to be designed from materials of groups G3, G4.
1.3.2. For pedestrian galleries and overpass, carrying structures should be provided from the materials of the NG Group.
1.3.3. In the adjoins of galleries to the transshipment nodes, which are combined with fireproof zones, it is necessary to provide fireborne partitions from the materials of the NG Group.
In heated galleries intended for transporting combustible materials, a water curtain device should be provided.
1.3.4. When designing cable mounts and galleries with a number of cables of at least 12, as well as combined galleries and an axes intended for laying other communications of transit cables for powering electrical receivers I and II categories, it is necessary to provide basic carrying construction structures from reinforced concrete with the fire resistance limit of at least R 45 or from steel with the limit of fire resistance is at least R 15.
Gallery enclosing structures should be made from the materials of the NG group with the fire resistance limit of at least Ei 15.
1.3.5. Closed cable and combined galleries in places of interfaces between themselves and in places of adjustment them to the production premises and structures should be divided by fire-fighting deaf partitions.
1.3.6. When placing cable and combined galleries and a hoist parallel to buildings and structures with deaf walls of class K0 with the limit of fire resistance at least Rei 45 The distance between them is not normalized. In this case, the wall of the building can be used as a protective design of the gallery. At the location of the overpass directly at the walls of the building, the cables must be protected from water drain from the roof and from the snow discharged from it.
1.3.7. Gallery ventilation devices must be equipped with dampers to prevent air access in case of fire penetration.
1.3.8. Cable and combined (with cable laying) Galleries should be separated on fire resistance from fire resistance compartments at least Ei 45. Doors in these partitions must have a limit of fire resistance at least Ei 30. The limit length of the compartments is 150 m, and in gallery for oil-filled cables - 120 m.
Such partitions should also be provided in the places of adjacent galleries to buildings.
1.3.9. Doors, leading out (on the territory of the enterprise, settlement, etc.), is allowed to be carried out from the material of groups G3, G4.
Interior doors must be fire-fighting, self-closing, with a seal in the coarse.
2. Powder
2.1. Storage and book storage facilities should be broken down on fire-fighting compartments
partitions with an area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 600 m 2.
The doors of storage compartments must be fire-fighting 2 types.
The repository and book storage facilities of unique and rare publications should be separated from other rooms by fire walls (partitions) of the 1st type and overlap of the 2nd type.
2.2. In the storage facilities of libraries and archives, in the absence of windows, it is necessary to provide exhaust channels with an area of \u200b\u200bcross-section at least 0.2% of the area and equipped on each floor with automatic drive valves. The distance from the smoke removal valve to the most remote room of the room should not exceed 20 m.
Attachment 1 . Methods of technical and economic justification of fire fighting events
Appendix 2. (Information). The magnitude of the functional fire load in buildings and premises
Appendix 3. Examples of a feasibility study of fire fighting events
