One of the important functions of the childbearing organs belongs to a special layer inside the uterus - endometry. In a certain period of menstruation, it creates optimal conditions for the formation of the fetus. It is the necessary endometrium thickness by the day of the cycle of the key to successfully fix the embryo in the uterus.
The uterus consists of several layers: the outer is perimetry, medium-myometrium. From the inside the cavity is endometrial, whose size varies depending on the day of the menstruation cycle. The internal cellular layer of the organ consists of epithelial tissue, blood vessels and secretory glands. During one cyclic period, the constitution of internal tissues is changing all the time.
The inner surface is composed of basal and functional coating. The latter is rejecting and occurs, if no fertilization occurred. At the beginning of the next cycle, this part is restored with the participation of the basal layer. Running, the functional layer is prepared for the possible embryo introduction. If the fetal egg fastensed on the wall of the uterus, the placenta will subsequently formed from the scratched endometrial and blood vessels.
The growth of the inner membrane of the uterus occurs under the influence of cyclic oscillations of the hormonal background. For the successful introduction of a fetal egg, the norm of the thickness of the inner surface ranges from 9 to 15 mm. If for any reason, the endometrium cannot match the norm, it may mean that the chances of getting pregnant from a woman are minimal. However, medicine has data when pregnancy fell with a thickness of about 6 mm. Hypertrophy is also an obstacle to fixing the embryo. In such cases, a woman will need a qualified treatment - hormone therapy.
Stages of the development of the inner layer
Depending on the fluctuations in the level of hormones and their balance, monthly in the life of a woman there are cyclic changes in the uterus. It is impossible to determine its thickness in the usual examination of the gynecologist. It is determined only with ultrasound examination. In each stage of the cycle, the endometrium has a certain size of the wall thickness. In accordance with this, the menstrual cycle is divided into certain phases of the development of endometrial:
- deskvamation - Stage of Bleeding;
- proliferation - changes in the basal section;
- the secretion phase is the growth of the functional surface.
Deskvamation - the heated stage corresponds to the first five days of the cycle. At the same time, the norm in the first two days ranges from 5 to 9 mm. In the next two days, regeneration is observed, and the thickness is 3 mm.
Endometrial phases are divided into temporary stages. The endometrium phase of proliferation, as well as the phases of secretion, include early, middle and late development stage. The first stage is counted from 5 days cycle, gradually increases to 6 mm layer thickness. The middle stage lasts three days, and the endometrium rate is about 8 mm. The last phase of proliferation is the final stage, the indicator increases to 14 millimeters, the echo density increases. This is determined by dominant.
After that, the secretory phase occurs. This stage lasts about 15 days and is particularly important for each woman. At this time, the surface structure changes little. In the early period, the wall thickness increases by 2-3 mm, the echo structure gradually rises. In the middle period, the layer acquires the maximum thickness to 18 mm. At this time, ovulation usually occurs, fertilized eggs can gain a foothold in the uterus. Late secretory stage is characterized by a decrease in the thickness of the endometrium layer.
| Days of a monthly period | Stages of proliferation | Medium thickness (mm) | Possible options |
| 5–7 | early | 6 | 3–7 |
| 8–10 | average | 8 | 7–10 |
| 11–14 | late | 12 | 10–14 |
| Stadissection | |||
| 15–18 | Early | 11 | 10–16 |
| 19–23 | average | 14 | 10–18 |
| 24–27 | late | 12 | 10–17 |
The table makes it possible to trace changes in the inner layer in accordance with the period. It is important to understand that the indicators of the thickness of the endometrial are given averaged, and individual vary and depend on the duration of the menstrual cycle of each particular woman. So, with a long cycle, the indicators are lower, which means the transition from one phase to the other will be delayed.
Normal inconsistencies and causes of pathology
It comes in about the second phase of secretion. If the inner layer does not correspond to the cycle phase, the embryo will not be able to resist in the uterus. Its subsequent development will be impossible due to lack of oxygen. The egg cell will not be able to resist on very thin endometry. With such pathology, an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage is possible.
There are several of the most common options for the pathology of the inner layer of the uterus:
- Effective growth associated with the effect of excess estrogen and lack of progesterone hormone.
- Excessive growth of foci of fabric, which turn into polyps.
- The appearance of endometrial cells outside the uterus and in general the sexual system called endometriosis.
It should be remembered, even with insignificant deviations from the norm, a woman should seem like a doctor. If the impaired endometrial thickness is not treated on time, pathology can turn into infertility.
In women during the regression of childbearing functions, with a lack of genital hormones, hyperplastic education may appear. At this time, the normal indicator of the thickness of the endometrial layer is up to 5 mm. When a number reaches 6-7 mm, this is a dangerous symptom, indicating the development of tumor processes. Such a patient is recommended an ultrasound examination every 3 months to eliminate the oncological disease.
