Research work“Oh, felt boots, yes felt boots!” Lysykh Anna Alekseevna student of 9th grade Faustova Svetlana Ivanovna teacher of local history 2011 Branch of the municipal educational institution of secondary school 1 of Zadonsk in the village of Gnilusha

The purpose of this work is: to explore the significance of felt boots in the life of the Russian people from the 13th century to the present. Objectives: 1. Assess the attitude of students in our school to felt boots 2. Find out when and where the first felt boots appeared 3. Study the process of making felt boots 4. Assess the role of felt boots in the life of our ancestors and modern world

The influence of felt boots on human health. · Natural wool fibers have a high heat capacity, which allows feet not to freeze at low temperatures · Felt boots protect a person’s foot not only from cold, but also from heat. · Wool is rich in lanolin, which brings relief from rheumatism and radiculitis · Felt boots are often recommended for people with impaired circulatory system. When worn on a bare foot, felted shoes have a massage effect. · Felt boots are very useful for diseases of the musculoskeletal system. · Felt boots help relieve nervous tension, a feeling of fatigue and heaviness in the legs, and back pain.

"Felt boots, felt boots

Eh, you’re hemmed in, old ladies...”

Russian folk song

In our area, winter is harsh, and you can’t live without warm clothes and shoes. And in felt boots you are not afraid of the most severe frosts. This unique - without beginning, without end, without seam, without scar - shoes have been held in high esteem since ancient times both in villages and big cities. And in our time, many do not part with it during snowstorms and cold.

I was interested to know how relevant felting felt boots is today and the demand for them.

The purpose of my research:

Find out how felt boots are born and what is the demand for felt boots.

Tasks:

1. Find out when and where the first felt boots appeared.

2. Using technology, make felt boots at home.

3. Assess the attitude of Tuba residents towards felt boots.

Object my research are felt boots.

Item research - wool felting technology and the relevance of felt boots today.

First of all, I surveyed my classmates and found that most of them know little about the history and making of felt boots; they believe that felt boots are an unpopular, outdated type of footwear and although they are reluctant to wear them.

From literary and Internet sources, I learned that priority in the invention of felted shoes belongs to the steppe nomadic peoples. From nomads this type of footwear spread to Rus'. The first mention of felt boots goes back to “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” In the 18th century, felt boots acquired their usual appearance: artisans of the Yaroslavl region came up with the idea of felting them entirely, including the boot, using a collapsible wooden block. Felting technology was passed down from generation to generation, and therefore each craftsman had his own secret and the felt boots were special.

Everyone knows that one of the handicrafts of the village of Tubinsky was and is the production of felted shoes. Craftsmen B.R. Aleksandrov, Ulyabaev.., R. Gibadatova are famous for rolling pims and beating wool... They do not do it exclusively on orders, but when “the soul asks.” I was able to visit all the workshops of these craftsmen.

From a conversation with them, I concluded that the old masters did not have the same strength. Gradually the sheep are being driven out of the village. And the most important thing is that there is nowhere to beat wool, and it’s a little expensive to travel to Baymak every time.

Felt boots are specially processed wool, a technology called felting. Wool is the only fiber with felling capacity. Rolling ability is achieved under mechanical influences under conditions of humidity, temperature and acidic environment.

Felting now - fashionable look handicrafts. Designers describe two methods of felting: dry and wet. The dry felting technique is the felting of wool using needles. Technique wet felting- This is a felting technology using water and soap. This is the old-fashioned technology for making felt boots. Felting felt boots is not a discovery for me, because my grandmother herself makes this type of footwear for us and friends, putting the warmth of her soul into them. Guided by A. Zaitseva’s master class, I made felt boots myself. Pimokat master R. Gibadatova rated them “5”.

But how do the residents of Tuba themselves feel about felt boots? I found out this using a questionnaire. Older generation The villagers wear felt boots with pleasure and praise him in every possible way. The middle ones claim that it is inconvenient, although it retains heat better, so they only wear it outside, and prefer boots to work.

How much better does it retain heat?! So that this question does not remain rhetorical, I conducted an experiment. She took a felt boot and a boot, in which she had previously “hid” the thermometers, and took them out into the street. After waiting for half an hour, I compared them. I was surprised by the big difference on the thermometers and I was convinced that the proverb “Trust, but verify” is true.

In the course of my work I found out:

the roots of felting craft go back centuries;

for the manufacture of felt boots, the property of wool fibers, such as felling ability, is used;

Processing wool with water and an alkaline solution, and also using a collapsible block, handicraftsmen roll warm shoes - one of the symbols of Russia - felt boots.

Bakieva Ilgiza N., 2nd grade student of MOBU Secondary School with. Tubinsky, head of Halfina G.R. - teacher primary classes.

Zverko Dmitry

Many people have these original Russian shoes, but few people have been wearing felt boots lately. I asked myself the question: “Why in the modern world the word “felt boot” often makes us smile as something outdated and just funny?” Or maybe that's not true?

Target – explore the significance of felt boots in the life of the Russian people from the 18th century to the present.

The following follow from this goal: tasks:

1. Assess the attitude of teachers, parents, and students of our school towards felt boots

2. Find out when and where the first felt boots appeared

3. Study the process of making felt boots

4. Assess the role of felt boots in the life of our ancestors and in the modern world

Was nominated hypothesis: In the 21st century, Russian felt boots are regaining people's love.

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XXIV Stavropol Regional Open Scientific Conference for Schoolchildren

Section: Junior (1-4)

Title of work: "Felt boots, felt boots...(From the past to the present)"

Author of the work: Zverko Dmitry Dmitrievich
Place of work: Sotnikovskoe,

MBOU "Secondary School No. 4", 3rd grade.

Scientific supervisor:Garanzha Vera Vladimirovna, primary school teacher of the highest qualification category

MBOU "Secondary School No. 4"

Stavropol, 2013

Introduction________________________________________________ pages 3-4

When and where did the first felt boots appear___________ p. 4-5
The process of making felt boots ___________________ pp. 5-6
The significance of felt boots in the life of the Russian people_______ pp. 6-7
The role of felt boots in the modern world_________________ pp. 7-8
Recommendations for choosing felt boots page 8
Interesting facts pp. 8-9

Conclusion__________________________________________ p.9-10

Bibliography___________________________ page 10

Applications__________________________________________ p.11-18

Not shoes, not boots,

But they are also worn by legs.

We run in them in winter:

In the morning - to school,

In the afternoon - home.

Introduction

This year we had a real Siberian winter. Winter with severe frosts, snow storms, large snowdrifts. And in a good frosty winter, feet in any boots freeze. It was then that my grandmother remembered that in the attic we had felt boots that were not afraid of either deep snow or bitter frost.

And this winter I observed that both adults and children wore felt boots in winter. Indeed, you cannot find more comfortable shoes - warm, dry, soft!

"Simple as a felt boot." There is such a famous Russian proverb. Often a rude, uncouth person is called a “felt boot”. And indeed, what, it would seem, could be simpler than clumsy, gray or black Russian shoes, which are now worn, perhaps, only by old people and small children - solely for reasons of warmth and convenience. However... our attitude towards felt boots can and should change!

I set before myself target – explore the significance of felt boots in the life of the Russian people from the 18th century to the present.

The following follow from this goal: tasks:

1. Assess the attitude of teachers, parents, and students of our school towards felt boots

2. Find out when and where the first felt boots appeared

3. Study the process of making felt boots

4. Assess the role of felt boots in the life of our ancestors and in the modern world

A hypothesis was put forward: In the 21st century, Russian felt boots are regaining people's love.

Research methods: holiday “Russian felt boots”, interview, survey, study of scientific and fiction literature on the topic, work with Internet information, analysis, systematization, generalization.

I began my research by visiting the library, meeting with Vasily Maksimovich Aleinikov, conducting a survey among teachers, parents, students, and as a result, I found out:

Of the 50 school students, 20 (40%) have felt boots or had them in childhood;

Of the 40 school employees, 8 people (20%) still wear felt boots in the cold season;

Of the 30 parents surveyed, 100%, having learned about the health benefits of felt boots, would like to purchase these wonderful shoes for their family. (Appendix 1)

At the Russian Valenki Festival we got acquainted with the history of felt boots and the process of their production. An exhibition of ancient felt boots was organized. We held a competition of ditties, poems about felt boots, a relay race and a competition in throwing felt boots.

(Appendix 2)

When and where did the first felt boots appear?

Felt boots, felted boots... Initially, felt boots, or, in Siberian, pima, were short, and their tops were made of cloth. And only in the 18th century felt boots acquired their usual appearance: the Semyonovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province is considered the birthplace of felt boots. The craftsmen “guessed” to felt them entirely, including the boot. After all, this is the advantage of felt boots: they are made without a single seam, therefore they are soft, comfortable, and do not chafe your feet. It is for this ingenious simplicity that a person who is naive to the point of stupidity is called “felt boot” in folklore. These shoes have only one drawback, but a rather serious one: they are very afraid of dampness, so at first they put leather and later rubber galoshes on the soles.

In Rus', only wealthy peasants wore felt boots, because they were quite expensive. A family that had at least one felt boots was considered rich. They were cherished, worn according to seniority and passed on as inheritance.

Receiving such a gift was considered good luck. There were few felting artisans, and the technology for producing wire rods was kept secret, passed down from generation to generation. The one who had felt boots was considered an enviable groom among the girls.

At the holiday of Russian felt boots, we learned that in Katya Fishchenko’s family there are felt boots that serve the 4th generation; they are already more than 100 years old. (Appendix 3)

For a soldier going to serve, there was nothing more expensive than felt boots - warm and durable shoes not only protected from the cold, but could also protect their feet from small fragments in battle.

It took a long time before felting production was mastered in the villages. This craft turned out to be very profitable - rolling up felt boots for every home. Felting technology was passed down from generation to generation, and therefore each craftsman had his own secret and the felt boots were special.

2. The process of making felt boots

In our village there were also masters of felting felt boots. Aleynikov Vasily Maksimovich told us that his grandfather Fyodor Danilovich was also involved in the production of felt boots. Then he passed this craft on to his father Maxim Fedorovich. Vasily Maksimovich, as a child, watched his father felt felt boots. This is what he told us. (Appendix 4)

After the sheep was shorn, the wool was washed, combed and smoothed, resulting in a thin, soft cloth. Then they smoothed it out with their fingers for a long time so that the wool stuck together, as if the shape of a felt boot was sculpted from plasticine, and then the workpiece was boiled in boiling water so that the wool felted even denser. This blank already resembled felt boots in shape, only very large size. Then the workpiece was pulled onto the block and beaten on all sides with a wooden mallet for a long time until the product took on the usual size for a felt boot. (Appendix 5)

The process is simple in words only, but in reality it requires physical strength and a lot of patience, which few are capable of. Upon completion of all these procedures, the felt boots were sent to dry, and all that remained was to shave it to make it smooth and shiny.

Vasily Maksimovich did not have to engage in this craft. He inherited his felt boots from his grandfather. They served him for many years, and they also went to his grandchildren. Now his eldest grandson Sasha works in the Far North and wears his great-great-grandfather’s felt boots.

And from 1950 to 1959, Nikolai Kirilovich Tuchin felted felt boots. In his workshop he had a stove with boilers, a ruble, a carder, and blocks different sizes and rollers for rollers.

He made felt boots for the residents of our village Sotnikovskoye and nearby villages. The people who felted felt boots in the village were called “Postovals”. Sometimes they even thought that these were their last names.

It must be said that the technology for making felt boots has not changed at all over the past three hundred years, only some techniques have become mechanized. Equipment with electric motors appeared: a drum and a gurney.

Technology is technology, but without the most important component of the ancient craft - love for one’s work and for the people who will wear these shoes, it is unlikely that felt boots would have survived so many centuries practically without changes, easily withstanding competition with the most modern models shoes Maybe that’s why it’s so nice and cozy to wear them because they retain the warmth of the hands of their creators. As before, the craft of felting is passed on from master to master.

1. Our ancestors couldn’t imagine Christmas and New Year’s without felt boots. Maslenitsa festivities, caroling, fairs, during which there was always a real Russian winter.

2. Even crowned heads did not disdain such shoes.

It is known that Peter I counted felt boots effective means in the treatment of radiculitis. In winter, after a bath and swimming in an ice hole, he demanded hot cabbage soup and felt boots. It was during his reign that piping production in Russia became widespread. Catherine the Great had the first pimas, which she wore under her dress on her sore legs. Soft combs made of fine black wool were specially invented for her. (Appendix 6)

3. Valenki kept Russian soldiers warm during the Great Patriotic War(Appendix 7)

The merit of felt boots in wartime is invaluable. In winter, our soldiers were dressed only in felt boots. In the forties - fatal for the front, about 100 million pairs of felt boots were made for victory. Many of them returned to the factories more than once, they were repaired, hemmed and again sent to the line of fire. The Germans considered felt boots to be the best trophy and were ready to exchange them for any value, even a gold watch. The Russian felt boot walked from Moscow to Brest and defeated the German boot!

4. Without felt boots, it would be impossible to explore the northern regions and carry out expeditions to the North and South Poles.

4. Explored the role of felt boots in the modern world:

What about Russia? Felt boots are hitting the world catwalks! And foreigners look with delight at the unprecedented Russian miracle.

Several thousand pairs of Russian shoes go abroad every year. Adherents of high technology themselves do not know how to make primitive felt boots, but they like their beneficial properties - they turned out to be a particularly successful purchase in Alpine resorts and the harsh Finnish coast.

And indeed! Firstly, felt boots are the only shoes made from natural materials that do not destroy nature and animals. Wool is cut from peacefully grazing sheep and processed, so the production of felt boots does not disturb the natural environment.

Secondly, as mentioned above, even in the time of Peter I, the healing properties of felt shoes were noticed. And today medicine confirms the influence of felt boots on human health.

Sheep wool helps with colds, rheumatism, radiculitis and other diseases of muscles and joints.
Felt boots are very useful for diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Felt boots can relieve nervous tension, a feeling of fatigue and heaviness in the legs, and back pain.
Wearing felt boots on bare feet helps improve blood circulation. Natural wool does not irritate the skin of the feet, has positive energy for humans, natural wool fibers have a high heat capacity, which allows the feet not to freeze in the most bitter frosts. At the same time, your feet do not sweat, since wool fibers provide natural air circulation and your feet are always warm, which is why they are called a “dry heating pad.” At the same time, felt boots protect a person’s foot not only from cold, but also from heat. (Appendix 8)

Our Sotnikov fashionistas also wear felt boots. And when I asked the twin girls: Olya and Alena, why do they wear felt boots? They told me that they were not only light and comfortable, but warm and my feet didn’t sweat. (Appendix 9)

Valenki are the main workwear for gas workers, oil workers, and railway workers. The demand for felt boots is also reviving in the central region - Moscow, St. Petersburg, and in tourist centers. Felt boots are indispensable for winter outdoor recreation. Nowadays, factories receive large orders from the army, border guards, and police. All soldiers in the northern regions of the country have been wearing felt boots since October 15, 2011. (Appendix 10)

Felt boots are available in a variety of sizes, so that suitable ones can be found for both an adult man and a child who has barely learned to walk. However, keep in mind that felt boots are unusual shoes, and they have their own sizes. So, for example, shoe size 25 corresponds to felt boots size 13. In addition, felt boots shrink when worn, so you should buy them with a reserve. Felt boots with soles for adults should be taken one size larger.

Feel the felt boots, remember it in your hands. A good felt boot is elastic. If the felt boots are too soft, they are underfilled and will not hold their shape. If it is too hard and does not bend, then walking will be uncomfortable.

Pay attention to the smell. If it is unpleasant, it means that unwashed wool was used in the manufacture of felt boots. It is almost impossible to get rid of such a smell.

Before putting your felt boots in the closet, you should pack them in plastic bag and put moth repellent in each of them, otherwise in a few months you risk taking out of the closet not felt boots, but miserable remnants.

6. Interesting facts

Two giant felt boots are vying for a place in the Guinness Book of Records. One, size 120, height 157 cm and weight 7.5 kg, was made in the village of Kubenskoye near Vologda. Another, even larger one, was dumped in Semipalatinsk. Its height is 178 cm, weight is 16.5 kg, and the size is just right for Gulliver - 146! (Appendix 11)
There are felt felt museums in Moscow and in the city of Myshkin. And in 2001, a felt boots festival was held in Myshkin. (Appendix 12)
Felt boots throwing championships have been held in Pyatigorsk and Syktyvkar for several years now. As the participants say, the main thing in felt throwing is not the strength of the throw, but the accuracy of the aim, because the felt boots, due to their specific properties, are often capricious and do not fly along a given trajectory. We ourselves experienced this when we held relay races with felt boots at the Russian Valenki Festival.
At one time, huge felt boots were made as a special order for Oleg Popov - the clown jumped into them during a trick.
Now the felt boots of the athletes who participated in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City have already gone down in history and are museum exhibits. The Russian team was patriotically shod in felt boots and galoshes.

Conclusion

Thus, having studied the history of felting, I became acquainted with the technology of making felt boots, met with people involved in this craft, and found out what significance felt boots have in the lives of modern people.

The hypothesis I put forward was confirmed.

Firstly Today, environmental and health issues are coming to the fore. But felt boots are shoes made from natural materials without harming nature and animals.

Secondly , medicine confirms the healing properties of shoes.

Thirdly , felt boots again acquire the status fashionable shoes– models are produced with embroidery, trimmings, natural and faux fur, applications. They appeared in the fall-winter 2009 collection of Vyacheslav Zaitsev.

Those who consider wire rods to be the domain of only the old and small, and even janitors, traffic cops and winter fishing enthusiasts, are wrong.

Thus, fulling factories, keeping up with the times, keep up with the times. They walk, of course, in felt boots. (Appendix 13)

In felt boots with rubber soles, Velcro, zippers and laces.

In felt boots with gold embroidery and fur trim.

In felt boots with cute appliqués and hilarious pom-poms.

In elegant felt boots, tied with ribbons in the style of ballet shoes, felt boots with heels.

In felt boots of the most unimaginable models and the most enchanting colors.

In total, about 4.5 million pairs of felted shoes are produced in Russia per year. The largest manufacturers today:

Kukmor fulling and felt plant – 800-900 thousand pairs.

Yaroslavl factory of felted shoes - 550-600 thousand pairs.

Practical significancemy research - transfer the research results to the school museum

Bibliography

Burovik K. A. Pedigree of things, - M.: Knowledge, 1991.- 228, 3 p.
B.S.E. Second edition, 6 Botosani - Variolite May 12, 1951 Pp. 561, 59, 594.
www.valenki.inc.ru - museum "Russian felt boots"
www.valenki.promsherst.ru - Where you can buy felt boots.
www.specserver.com/rus/notice.asp?noticeID=198927 – equipment for the production of felt boots
www.valenki.textex.ru - felt boots

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Krasnoslobodskaya average secondary school No. 1" Krasnoslobodsky municipal district

Completed:

Semunina Daria

2nd grade student

Head: Fomina

Elena Alexandrovna

Krasnoslobodsk – 2016

Introduction

Everyone knows that it is important to maintain health from childhood. And wet and frozen feet are often the cause of our illnesses. What can help us with this problem? Comfortable and useful shoes.

Once, when there was severe frost, my mother told me to wear felt boots to school. She said that even the most severe frosts are not scary in felt boots. Because felt boots are made from pure sheep wool. These are not only the warmest shoes, but also useful. And then I decided to find out whether felt boots are as good as adults praise them?

Purpose of my research : study the role felt boots play in a person’s life.

Research objectives:

Conduct an analysis of various sources on the research problem.

Get acquainted with the history of the appearance and production of felt boots.

Find out if felt boots are real warm shoes.

Study the beneficial properties of felted shoes.

Experimentally find out whether it is possible to make felt boots yourself.

Introduce your classmates to the results of the study.

Object of study: felt boots.

Subject of research : making felt boots.

I put forward the followinghypothesis : felt boots - warm and useful shoes.

To solve the problems I used, I used following research methods:

Theoretical (analysis and synthesis of information);

Empirical (experiment, experience);

Practical (survey, observation).

Main part

1.What are felt boots?

I went to the library, looking at S.I.’s dictionary. Ozhegova, I learned that “felt boots are soft winter boots made of wool" .

2. History of felt boots.

I found out on the Internet that the steppe nomadic people were the first to come up with the idea of rolling animal hair and making shoes out of it. From nomads this type of footwear spread to Rus'. Initially, felt boots, or pima in Siberian, were short, and their tops were made of cloth.The birthplace of real felt boots is considered to be the city of Myshkin, Yaroslavl province, whose craftsmen in the 18th century were the first to felt felt boots entirely, with the boot top. In different regions of Russia, felt boots were called differently: in Nizhny Novgorod - “chesanka” and “katanka”, in the Tambov and Tver regions - “felt boots”, in Siberia - “pima”.

The advantage of felt boots is that they are made without a single seam, therefore they are soft, comfortable, and do not rub the foot. These shoes have only one drawback, but a rather serious one: they are very afraid of dampness, therefore, at first they put leather and later rubber galoshes on the soles.

3. The role of felt boots in the Great Patriotic War.

N The merit of felt boots in wartime is invaluable. In winter, our soldiers were dressed only in felt boots. For a soldier going to serve, there was nothing more expensive than felt boots: warm and durable shoes not only protected from the cold, but could also protect his feet from small fragments in battle.

4. The effect of felt boots on health

Our nurse Yulia Nikolaevna told me about the benefits of felt boots.

She said that doctors confirm the invaluable influence of felt boots on health person:

fleece is able to absorb and evaporate moisture, retain heat and thus helps with colds, diseases of muscles and joints;

wool is rich in lanolin, which brings relief from rheumatism, radiculitis and other diseases of muscles and joints, as well as accelerating the healing of wounds and fractures.

felt boots are very useful for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, because the foot in such shoes does not deform, in addition, felt shoes allow air to pass through, which prevents the development of fungal diseases;

felt boots can relieve nervous tension, a feeling of fatigue and heaviness in the legs, and back pain;

Wearing felt boots on bare feet helps improve blood circulation.

5. Are felt boots really warm shoes?

I decided to find out whether felt boots are really warmer than leather boots.

D To conduct this experiment, I put a boot on one foot and a felt boot on the other foot and went outside, where the air temperature was -1 8 0 WITH.

The purpose of such a trip outside was to find out: which foot will freeze faster: in a boot or in a felt boot? After being outside for a little while, I felt that my foot in the boot was starting to freeze, and within 20 minutes of being outside, my foot in the boot was completely frozen, but the one in the felt boot was not frozen at all.

Conclusion: Felt boots are actually warmer in winter than boots.

6. Technology for making felt boots

I became interested in how felt boots are made. Mom said that in the village of Zheltonogovo many people make felt boots for sale. And she has a friend who does this. We went to my aunt'sMasha.

She said that sheep wool is needed to make felt boots.

They take a certain amount of finished wool and divide it into two equal parts - for one leg and for the other. They are then weighed to ensure they are equal.Then the wool is laid out according to the pattern for the first leg.

Then I lay it out for the second leg and compare it with the first.

Take turns squeezing the fur of each leg to make it easier to work with.They take the wool and tie it onto the pattern. Then the wool is matted on a homemade loom. Take the workpiece and keep it in hot water.

Squeeze out and lay out on the felting table. They top it up with the help of tools. Rinse felted felt boots in water. The pads are clogged.

Set to dry.

Making felt boots is a labor-intensive process, it requires patience and physical strength, but the result justifies the means.

7.Is it possible to make felt boots yourself?

I wanted to make felt boots myself. For this I need: wool, soap solution, scissors, a piece of building insulation, a napkin and oilcloth.

First, I cut out a template for future felt boots from a piece of construction insulation. She spread an oilcloth on the table. She placed the template on it and began to lay out the first layer of wool, placing all the strands in one direction, slightly going beyond the edge of the template.

Then she began to lay the second layer of wool in the opposite direction. PThen she moistened the wool with soapy water and covered it with a napkin. She pressed it on top several times with her palms.

I turned the wool over along with the template and folded in the protruding edges. On the other side, we also begin to lay two layers of wool, one layer across, the other along.

N I covered it with a napkin and pressed it down with my hands several times. I repeated everything as with the first layers. Started felting. I moistened the template with soapy water, covered it with a napkin and began to rub. Left for about 15-20 minutes.

I cut the workpiece into two equal parts.She put felt boots on her fingers and continuedwallow.

I rinsed the template in clean water, removed excess moisture with a towel and left to dry. Hooray! I succeeded!

Yes, it is possible to make felt boots yourself, but making large, real felt boots will take more time, effort and materials.

8.Questionnaire

While conducting research, I learned a lot about felt boots; I became interested in what my classmates knew about these shoes. To do this, I conducted a survey among students in my class.

M Noah developed questions that her classmates were asked to answer:

1) Do you have felt boots?

2) Do you consider felt boots to be the warmest shoes?

3) Do you know that felt boots are good for health?

4) Do you know how felt boots are made?

5) Why were felt boots called felt boots?

Conclusion: From the diagram we see that 100% of respondents know about the existence of such shoes as felt boots and 50% have such shoes, and 60% agree to exchange their boots for felt boots during frosts, but few know about the production and beneficial properties fallen shoes.

Conclusion

As a result of studying various literature, Internet sources, survey results, experiments conducted, and meetings with felt boot manufacturers, I made the following conclusions.

Valenki are comfortable and healthy footwear. In felt boots you are not afraid of the most severe frosts. Pure sheep wool, felted warm hands masters, gives a person strength and peace of mind.

Thus, my hypothesis was completely confirmed; felt boots are indeed warm and useful shoes.

Valenki are a symbol of genuine Russia with its broad soul and endless expanses.There is nothing more primordially Russian than felt boots.

Preserving their production means preserving Russian culture.

Sources and literature used

E. Moreva. Felt boots - felt boots.// Marusya. - 2009 .- No. 1.- pp. 8-9

S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M.: Azbukovnik, 1999.-994 pp.

N. Orlova, K. Borovik. I explore the world: History of things: Encyclopedia. M.: LLC “Publishing House AST”, 1998.-512 p.

I explore the world: History: Encycl./Auth. - comp. Chudakova N.V., Gromov A.V. – M.: AST Publishing House LLC, 2004. – 506 p.

http://www.mirvalenok.ru/posts/istoriya-valenok

http://testan.rusgor.ru/moscow/museum/valenok.htm

http://valenki-4u.ru/pesnya-valenki/

http://www.valenok. ru. history.shtml

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Gymnasium" of Chernogorsk

Ecology

What is the secret of felt boots

Minchenkova Maria Valerievna,

3rd grade

Supervisor:

Nemtseva Tatyana Grigorievna,

primary school teacher

Chernogorsk, 2014

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………3

Main part…………………………………………………………………………………4

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..17

References………………………………………………………....18

Applications……………………………………………………………………………….19

Introduction

Everyone knows that it is important to maintain health from childhood. And wet and frozen feet are often the cause of our illnesses. What can help us with this problem? Comfortable and useful shoes. In felt boots you are not afraid of the most severe frosts. Pure sheep's wool, felted by the warm hands of a master, gives a person strength and good mood. Modern fashionistas still wear felt boots with pleasure. One day, while walking, the children's feet became cold. And our teacher said: “It would be better if you wore felt boots, not boots!!” And then I decided to find out whether felt boots are as good as adults praise them? What is the secret of felt boots?

Object of study: felt boots.

Subject of research : making felt boots.

The purpose of my work : a study of the manufacture and functionality of felt boots.

Research objectives:

Conduct an analysis of various sources on the research problem.

Get acquainted with the history of the appearance and production of felt boots.

Find out whether felt boots are really warm shoes.

Study the beneficial properties of felted shoes.

Experimentally find out whether it is possible to make felt boots yourself.

Introduce your classmates to the results of the study.

I put forward the followinghypothesis: felt boots - warm and useful shoes.

To solve the problems I used, I used the following research methods:

Theoretical (analysis and synthesis of information);

Empirical (experiment, experience);

Practical (survey).

Practical significance my work is to answer the question “What is the secret of felt boots?” and communicating the results of my research to my classmates.

Main part

What are felt boots?

Looking into the “Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language” by M. Vasmer, I read the following explanation: “ Felt boots - close etymology: felt; connected with shaft, fall»

F. Solmsen differentiates the meanings roll and roll.

In the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova says that felt boots are soft winter boots made of wool.

In the minds of foreigners, felt boots were until recently considered an unofficial symbol of our country, one of the colorful attributes of the image of a Russian person.

The history of felt boots.

Where did felt boots begin their journey?

The history of felt boots begins in the 4th century BC - it is to this time that archaeologists attribute wool products discovered in Altai during excavations of the Pazyryk mound.

At first, felt boots were produced handicraft; each hut had its own felted “factory.” The felter sat for days in a cramped closet, preparing a “semi-finished product”, mixing soap and soda with wool, adding a weak solution of sulfuric acid. The process of making felt boots was a difficult manual one, but profitable.

According to data from 1901, the most widespread of the handicrafts in the Yaroslavl province was the production of felted shoes and felt boots. The production of felt boots was concentrated mainly beyond the Volga. This trade existed in 17 volosts of the Yaroslavl district and involved 146 families with 533 owners - artisans. In the Yaroslavl region, felt boots from the village of Timokhanovo were in particular demand. Craftsmen secretly kept the secrets of the technology of making felt boots, passing them on by inheritance. In Rus', they immediately conquered markets, bazaars, fairs and the hearts of our frost-resistant ancestors.

One of the first mentions of “felt boots” is in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” (XII century). The first Russian shoes made of felt were most likely sewn or tailored and had at least one seam. The first felt boots in the form of a solid boot appeared in the Nizhny Novgorod region at the end of the 19th century. In different regions of Russia, felt boots were called differently: in Nizhny Novgorod - “chesankas”, in Siberia - “pimas”. The name also depended on the wool: felt boots made from goat wool were called “volnushechki” and “tricks,” and those made from sheep’s wool were called “rods.”

Over time, manufactories grew from small handicraft production. Nowadays there are several factories in Russia that produce felt boots. Moreover, in different corners Countries make felt boots in their own way: in Vologda - with a high shaft for deep snowdrifts, in Ivanovo - from coarse wool so that they last longer, in Chuvashia - with long pile so that they do not get wet.

TO
Of course, no matter how good factory shoes are, the best are felt boots made by village artisans, who are called - kick rolls.

After conducting research, we found out that in our Republic of Khakassia in In the village of Beya, there is Zoya Korablina’s rolling workshop. For 19 years now, her company has been producing shoes in Khakassia. A few years ago they produced so many felt boots that they had to export them to Abakan for sale. They sold even better than hot cakes. Bey Pimas became a kind of brand and people associated them with warmth, reliability, convenience and a special shape. And in Ust-Abakan there is a leather and fur company “Laska”, where they also make shoes similar to felt boots - burkas.

Thus, we can conclude that the wool industry has penetrated into the open spaces Ancient Rus' thanks to the neighborhood and constant contacts with the Turkic peoples. And in a country with such a harsh climate as Russia, felted production and the production of felt boots began to spread at a rapid pace. Nowadays, this profession is in great demand, it has not lost its popularity. Rolling felt boots may be a labor-intensive task, but it is in demand and profitable.

Over these two hundred years, felt boots have become part of national history and culture, a museum exhibit, a hero of folklore and songs (see appendix).

In Russia there are two museums dedicated to Russian felt boots. “Keep your head cold and your feet warm,” says a Russian proverb. Now it has become clear that it was composed in the city of Myshkin, Yaroslavl region, where the “Russian Valenok” museum is opened, and a festival with this name is held annually there. The museum has, for example, felt boots for a disco and felt boots for a wedding. In Moscow, in 2nd Kozhevnichesky Lane (near Paveletsky Station), the Russian Valenok Museum is also open. One hall housed about 200 exhibits. Among them are officer's felt boots with leather soles, popular among the command staff of the Red Army and the police in the 20-30s, felt boots from the Great Patriotic War, including those belonging to Karelian partisans, with a special hook for skis. You can also see felt boots in the shape of a samovar, a teapot, a steam locomotive, or an airplane.

Questionnaire

At the beginning of my research, I wondered what my classmates knew about felt boots. To do this, I conducted a survey among students in my class at our gymnasium.

Purpose of the survey: identify the level of students’ awareness of the research topic, search for new information.

I developed questions that my classmates were asked to answer:

Did you know that there are such shoes - felt boots?

Do you have felt boots?

Do you agree, do you want to change your leather boots to felt boots?

Did you know that felt boots are good for health?

Do you know how felt boots are made?

Why were felt boots called felt boots?

Conclusion: From the diagram we see that 100% of respondents know about the existence of such shoes as felt boots and 50% have such shoes, and 60% agree to change their boots to felt boots during frosts, but few people know about the production and beneficial properties of felt shoes.

Experiment 1. “Are felt boots really warm shoes?”

At the first stage of my experiment, I decided to find out whether felt boots are really warmer than leather boots.

To conduct this experiment, I put a boot on one foot and a felt boot on the other foot and went outside, where the air temperature was -18 0 C. The purpose of this trip outside was to find out: which foot would freeze faster: in a boot or in a felt boot? After being outside for a little while, I felt that my foot in the boot was starting to freeze, and by the 24th minute of being outside, my foot in the boot was completely frozen, but the one in the felt boot was not frozen at all.

Conclusion: Felt boots are actually warmer in winter than boots.

I was wondering why it’s warmer in felt boots? What are they made of?

To answer this question, I went to Ust-Abakan to the Laska leather and fur company, where they explained to me in detail why felt boots are warmer. The thing is that they are made of felt. Felt – V translated from the Turkic language means a blanket. It's tightfelted material. It is usually made in the form of panels that have different thicknesses, depending on the purpose. The only one natural material, from which felt can be made, is wool, and sheep's wool is best. Wool fibers have a top scaly layer -. Thanks to it, the fibers can adhere to each other under the influence of hotAnd. The principle of felting is based on this.

Thanks to this material, air easily passes between the wool fibers and circulates. This allows our feet to breathe. Felt boots absorb moisture like a sponge, leaving your feet dry and warm. Then, in the sun or warmth, they will evaporate the moisture. They are not cold in winter and not hot in summer. This is due to the fact that the walls of felt boots are porous; they do not allow cold and heat to pass through. This effect can be compared to the walls of houses, where air cushions (thermal insulation) are specially made so that they better protect the house from the cold.

The earliest evidence of the use of felt dates back to 3 - 2.5 thousand years BC (the region of modern Turkey) and associates this with the development of sheep farming, which is the main source of wool, although camel and goat hair were also used to make felt in ancient times. The development of fine-fleece merino sheep farming in Spain in the Middle Ages is considered to be a milestone in the evolution of felt, which made felt fibers thinner and the resulting material more aesthetically pleasing in appearance and soft.

The nomads of Mongolia and the Altai Mountains also engaged in felting wool, obtaining excellent warm and durable material for their yurts, shoes and clothing as a result of extremely simple manual operations. Sheep wool, often with the addition of goat and camel wool, was laid out in an even layer and, having been knocked down with rods and soaked in hot water or whey, was “felt” performing manipulations similar to kneading dough. Different peoples actually felted wool in their own way, but their essence was one thing - to mix small fibers of wool, which, thanks to their scaly structure, formed strong bonds with each other.

Conclusion: The secret of the warmth of felt boots is 100% sheep wool and the caring hands of craftsmen.

Experiment No. 2. “Is it possible to make felt boots yourself?” At the Leather and Fur Company "Laska" they not only told me why felt boots are warm, but also showed me how felt boots are made. This process seemed to me quite labor-intensive and difficult. In fact, the birth of felt boots begins when curly sheep wander through the meadows and grow hair on their sides. warm fur coat. They are then sheared and the felted wool is turned into winter boots.

After the sheep is shorn, the wool is taken to a primary processing factory, where it is washed, washed, sorted by color (white, gray, dark) and packed into bales of 200 kilograms.

Then it is kept for a day and only the next day it is sent to carding machines, where the wool is combed for a long time with special needles, much like we comb our hair. As a result, a thin cobweb is obtained from the tangled wool mass.

Then manual labor begins: the craftswoman determines by eye how much wool needs to be combed for a felt boot of one size or another.

Next, the semi-finished product is sent to two pressing plates, the lower of which is heated to one hundred degrees. The plates move progressively relative to each other, shedding the wool into a long, soft sheet. This canvas in itself can represent the finished product: rugs from felted wool For example, owners of cats and dogs are willing to buy it as bedding for their pets.

And the canvas, which is intended to be felt boots, moves along the technological chain to the next workshop. Here the head of the felt boot is shaped by hand with the fingers of a craftsman.

Then it is compacted again on the slabs and stretched to right size– this operation is called pre-stretching.

Here comes the control phase. The inspector inspects and feels each felt boot manually, making sure that the product is even in thickness and has no seals.

Then, still soft and clumsy, the felt boots arrive at the rolling shop. First roll: hot water is turned on, and the felt boots rotate for twenty minutes in round drums. Then they are taken out, stretched again, and the felling is repeated. For each type of windrow, the water has a certain temperature. If the technology is violated, the result is a defect.

The future felt boots arrive at the felting shop somewhat long, with a high top. And after felling, the workpiece becomes very hard. Therefore, it is put on a metal nozzle (block), immersed in a tank and doused with steam. Now by appearance This is a real felt boot, only wet. It is dried at a temperature of one hundred degrees for six hours. All that remains is to clean it - to remove dust from its pile. So our felt boots are ready.

You just need to determine its size using special sizes, and then choose a pair based on size and height. This will be done by the picker on a special table littered with brand new felt boots. After all, as we already know, felt boots are not sewn according to patterns, but are shaped by hand and then, according to the laws of nature, the wool is compacted. Therefore, each felt boot is unique in its own way. He may turn out to be a little fuller, a little snub-nosed, a little taller than the rest.

P
In front of the picker lies a whole pile of such “singles”, and its task is to make ideal pairs from them. It is not difficult to make both felt boots the same height - the tops of their boots are cut on a special machine. Then the felt boots are cleaned so that they are not shaggy, measured along the inner length of the foot - the exact size is determined and marked.

The couple is ready. It may go to the warehouse, or it may go to the finishing shop, where it will be decorated with fur, braid or embroidery. This is usually done with small, child-sized felt boots. And the felt boots can be sent to a workshop where a rubber sole will be welded to it using hot vulcanization. But still, ordinary felt boots are in greatest demand among buyers. After all, you can walk in it even if it’s dry and frosty outside, but you can also wear galoshes.

One pair of large felt boots takes about two and a half kilograms of wool - which is why felt boots can easily withstand sub-zero temperatures even in the Far North.

To turn a tuft of wool into a pair of original Russian shoes requires five days of hard work and forty-five technological transitions. Workers from twenty specialties are working on its creation so that we can warm ourselves up in the winter cold with natural, environmentally friendly woolen felt boots.

Scheme 1. Production of felt boots

This whole process fascinated me, and I decided to try making felt boots at home. For this I needed felt manual labor, a small piece of flexible waterproof material, soap solution, oilcloth for work, felting cloth, spray bottle, scissors. I decided to make mini felt boots.

The process of making felt boots:

First, I cut out a template for future felt boots from a piece of construction insulation.

She spread an oilcloth on the table. By stretching, I laid out the first layer of the template, placing all the strands in one direction, slightly going beyond the edge of the template.

3. The second layer was laid perpendicular to the first. I made sure that there were no “holes” or gaps, that the layers were not too thin, but not too thick.

4. Then I laid the third layer, placing the strips of wool at an angle of 45 degrees.
5. The fourth layer - I secured the previous third layer with very thin transparent hairs. Can be laid out in different directions.

6. Moistened the workpiece with soapy water. Covered the top with a napkin and... She pressed it from above with her hands several times.

7. I took off the napkin, turned the template over and laid out the wool on the other side.

She moistened it with soapy water and covered it with a napkin. She pressed it on top several times with her palms.

Started felting. I moistened the template with soapy water, covered it with a napkin and began to rub. Left for about 15-20 minutes.

I cut the workpiece into two equal parts.

I deleted the template. I rinsed our mini felt boots in clean water and left them to dry.

Hooray! I succeeded!

Conclusion: Yes, it is possible to make felt boots yourself, but making large, real felt boots will take more time, effort and materials.

What is the use of felt boots?

M My grandmother very often wears felt boots in the cold season. I was curious why? After all, they have long gone out of fashion; boots are another matter. I once asked my grandmother: “Why do you choose felt boots and not boots?”

She answered me: “Because sheep’s wool has medicinal properties. It is sheared exclusively from living sheep. Such wool is literally “impregnated” with the healing energy of the sun.”

Medicine confirms the enormous beneficial effect of felt boots on human health:

sheep wool is able to absorb and evaporate moisture, accumulate heat and, thus, helps with colds, diseases of muscles and joints;

wool is rich in lanolin, which brings relief from rheumatism, radiculitis and other diseases of muscles and joints, as well as accelerating the healing of wounds and fractures.

felt boots can relieve nervous tension, a feeling of fatigue and heaviness in the legs, and back pain;

Wearing felt boots on bare feet helps improve blood circulation.

N The royals also neglected felt boots. It is known that Peter I considered felt boots to be an effective remedy in the treatment of radiculitis and hangover. In winter, after a bath and swimming in an ice hole, he demanded burning cabbage soup and felt boots. It was during his reign that piping production in Russia became widespread. Catherine the Great had her first pimas, which she wore under a crinoline dress on her sore legs. Soft combs made of fine black wool were specially invented for her. And the Russian Empress Anna Ioanovna allowed court ladies to wear felt boots with their formal dress.

The merit of felt boots in wartime is invaluable. In winter, our soldiers were dressed only in felt boots. They say that the shortage of felt products was due to the defeat in the Finnish war. But we defeated Napoleon and Hitler thanks to a sufficient amount of warm shoes. For a soldier going to serve, there was nothing more expensive than felt boots: warm and durable shoes not only protected from the cold, but could also protect his feet from small fragments in battle.

Previously, felt boots were very expensive, and only wealthy people could afford such a luxury. A peasant family was considered prosperous if all its members wore felt boots, while in other houses it was good if there was one pair for everyone. There were boots an expensive gift, they were passed down by inheritance.

Conclusion: Felt boots are a useful thing. And all thanks to sheep wool. It not only reliably warms, but also heals and protects the feet from injury.

Interesting facts

Two giant felt boots are vying for a place in the Guinness Book of Records. One, size 120, height 157 cm and weight 7.5 kg, was made in the village of Kubenskoye near Vologda. Another, even larger one, was dumped in Semipalatinsk. Its height is 178 cm, weight is 16.5 kg, and the size is just right for Gulliver - 146!

There are felt felt museums in Moscow and in the city of Myshkin. And in 2001, a felt boots festival was held in Myshkin.

Felt boots throwing championships have been held in Pyatigorsk and Syktyvkar for several years now. As the participants say, the main thing in felt throwing is not the strength of the throw, but the accuracy of the aim, because the felt boots, due to their specific properties, are often capricious and do not fly along a given trajectory. We ourselves experienced this when we held relay races with felt boots at the Russian Valenki Festival.

At one time, huge felt boots were made as a special order for Oleg Popov - the clown jumped into them during a trick.

Now the felt boots of the athletes who participated in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City have already gone down in history and are museum exhibits. The Russian team was patriotically shod in felt boots and galoshes.

Wire rods are felted not only from sheep's wool, but also from goat, camel and even dog wool;

In Irkutsk, the “Golden Valenok” journalistic prize is awarded annually for the most exceptional blunders;

The monument to felt boots is planned to be installed in Ulan-Ude (its height will be 3 meters).

Conclusion

As a result of studying various literature, Internet sources, the results of a survey of gymnasium students, experiments conducted, and meetings with felt boot manufacturers, I made the following conclusions.

Valenki are comfortable and healthy footwear. In felt boots you are not afraid of the most severe frosts. Pure sheep's wool, felted by the warm hands of a master, gives a person strength and peace of mind. This unique shoe - without a beginning, without an end, without a seam, without a scar - was held in high esteem in Rus' by every rank and class. The felter was a master revered in Rus' in the old days, and the roots of his skill go back centuries. Today, felt boots are regaining the love of city residents, and for designers and fashion designers they are a relevant object of creativity.

Thus, my hypothesis was completely confirmed; felt boots are indeed warm and useful shoes.

Valenki are a symbol of genuine Russia with its broad soul and endless expanses. There is nothing more primordially Russian than felt boots.

Preserving their production means preserving Russian culture.

Sources and literature used

E. Moreva. Felt boots - felt boots.// Marusya. - 2009 .- No. 1.- pp. 8-9

S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M.: Azbukovnik, 1999.-994 pp.

N. Orlova, K. Borovik. I explore the world: History of things: Encyclopedia. M.: LLC “Publishing House AST”, 1998.-512 p.

I explore the world: History: Encycl./Auth. - comp. Chudakova N.V., Gromov A.V. – M.: AST Publishing House LLC, 2004. – 506 p.

http://www.mirvalenok.ru/posts/istoriya-valenok

http://testan.rusgor.ru/moscow/museum/valenok.htm

http://valenki-4u.ru/pesnya-valenki/
http://www.valenok. ru. history.shtml http://www.vikepediya.ru

Appendix 1.

Felt boots in folklore.

Valenki are part of Russian history and culture, a hero of folklore and songs. Everyone’s favorite folk song “Valenki” performed by Lidia Andreevna Ruslanova is widely known even outside of Russia. Nowadays, even every child knows the words of this song: “Felt boots, yes felt boots. Oh, they’re not hemmed, old ones.....” This beautiful song from her in simple words, but many singers of our pop music now perform deep meaning, but it is by no means bad, and we listen to this song with pleasure, and our feet ask to dance.

Song "Valenki"

Felt boots and felt boots,Oh, they’re not hemmed, old people.You can't wear felt boots,There is nothing to wear to see the little one.
Chorus:Felt boots, felt boots,Eh, not hemmed, old ones.
Oh, Kolya - Kolya-Nikolai,Stay at home, don't go out.Don't go to that endOh, don't wear rings on girls.
Chorus:Felt boots, felt boots,Eh, not hemmed, old ones.
How to wear giftsIt’s better to hem the felt boots.
Chorus:Felt boots, felt boots,Eh, not hemmed, old ones.
Judge people, judge GodHow I loved:Barefoot in the coldI went to see my sweetheart.
Chorus:Felt boots, felt boots,Eh, not hemmed, old ones
Riddles:
Not shoes, not boots,
But they are also worn by legs.
We run in them in winter
In the morning - to school,
In the afternoon - home.

An adult knows
Even a little one knows.
So as not to get sick in winter
Put on………..

Proverbs:From a wise man in wool to a fool in felt boots.
Prepare your sleigh and felt boots in the summer.
Simple as a Siberian felt boot.
Whoever got up first put on his felt boots.Ditties:

Sitting on the rubble
Grandfather hemmed felt boots.
Grandma approached him
Grandfather gave up everything.
There are two flowers on the windowBlue and scarletI'll take it and exchange itBoots with felt boots.
I'll sing dittiesAbout Pima and felt bootsThe accordionist will play along with meSitting by the rubble.
And my darling gave it to mePima - scooters,Every evening I spentHe took me to the hut.
Eh, who's coming to us?Walks wideHe put on red felt boots,Imagining something.
We don't know how it is with youAnd at our dacha,People walk around in felt bootsAnd no other way!I'll paint my eyesI'll line my lips brightly,I’ll wear new felt bootsI'll go on a date.
The sparkle in the eyes sparklesTo know is young at heart!I walk in felt boots in winterThey haven't hired me for years.
The accordion plays wellIt tears my soul apartI'll buy felt bootsI will forget all the misfortunes.
I will dance in felt bootsIt's very simpleI'll go for a walk, girls.Up to ninety years old.

Abstract of the research work “What is the secret of felt boots. Research work "How are felt boots born?" Research work on felt boots from different manufacturers

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Conclusion: Felt boots are a useful thing. And all thanks to sheep wool. It not only reliably warms, but also heals and protects the feet from injury.