Endometrial size on cycle days

During the menstrual cycle, the woman's uterus underwent changes under the influence of female sex hormones. The most important changes occur in the endometry of the uterus. There is a complete restructuring of its structure, preparation for possible pregnancy and menstruation.

Endometrium

The structure of the uterus is represented by three layers: internal (endometrial), medium (minerium) and outer (perimerium). The inner mucosa of the uterus normally consists of two levels of epithelium: functional and basal. Pierce its many blood vessels. Under the influence of hormones, the inner membrane of the uterus undergoes changes in the structure, changes its thickness. The purpose of these transformations is the preparation of the uterus to the implantation of the embryo in fertilization. The process of restructuring and changing the thickness of the shell occurs during the entire menstrual cycle. You can trace the uterus using M-Echo.

M-Echo

This study can be called an ultrasound study of the uterus and its structure. The principle of operation is that the special sensor emits an ultraviolet stream that penetrates into the uterus, reflected from its structures, and the response signals are recorded in the form of an image on the instrument screen. The main estimated feature is the thickness of the endometrium layers. In the norm, the mucosa during the cycle passes three phases:

• The initial or phase of bleeding (starting the cycle).
• Middle or proliferative (expanding and restructuring phase).
• Finite or secretory.

Each of them includes several periods, each phase and day corresponds to the specific endometrium thickness on the days of the cycle. If M-ECHO meets the norm, it can be concluded that the hormonal balance in the body and the normal period in the life of a woman.

Consider specific changes in the inner shell and follicles by phases and days.

Phase bleeding

As you know, the cyclic period of women always begins from the first day of menstrual bleeding. This bleeding is associated with rejection of the functional layer of the endometrial shell. This period of time lasts an average of five to seven days, includes two periods: the stage of desquamation (rejection) and regeneration. Thickness of endometrial on the days of the cycle in the first phase:

• In the rejection step at 1 and 2 days of the cycle, the thickening is from 0.5 centimeters to 9 mm. On the M-echo we see the hypo echogenicity of the mucous (decrease in density), since the layer loss occurs. Accompanied by bleeding.
• In the recovery stage or regeneration, which occurs on the third - fifth days, the epithelium demonstrates the smallest height, respectively, for days, only 3 mm (on the third day) and 5 (on the fifth).

Phase proliferation

The proliferation stage begins with 5 days and lasts until 14-16 days. Endometrium grows, rebuilding, prepares for ovulation, fertilization and implantation of an egg. Three periods, including various dates:

• From 5 to 7 day phase (early proliferative stage) - on the M-echo in the norm of the epithelium of the uterus of hypooechogenene (reduced density), its height from 5 to 7 mm. For the sixth day - 6, on the seventh about 7 millimeters.
• In the middle proliferative period, the mucous membrane varies as follows: thickened, it grows. On 8 day, an 8 mm high. This stage ends on 10 day, the epithelium reaches the value of 1 centimeter (10-12 millimeters).
• From 10 days by 14, the proliferation stage is completed. The inner membrane of the uterus at this moment is normal from 10 to 12-14 mm high (almost reaches 1.5 centimeters). The density of the layer increases, which is manifested by an increase in echogenicity. In addition, at this time the ripening of follicles in the egg begins. On 10 Day, the follicle is 10 mm in diameter, by 14-16 days up to 21 millimeters.

Secretor phase

This period of time is the longest and important. It proceeds from 15 days to 30 (with a normal cycle duration). It can also be an early, middle and late. The structure varies significantly:

• From 15 to 18 days early restructuring begins. The mucous layer grows slowly, gradually. On average, different values. Rolls from 12 to 14-16 mm. The M-Echo looks like a layer in the form of a drop. At the edges of hyperehogenene, and in the center the density is reduced.
• The average secretion period proceeds from 19 to 24 days. The endometrial shell is minimized to the level of 1.8 centimeters, it should not be more than this value. The average value for this time from 14 to 16 mm.
• Finally, late secretory stage proceeds from 24 days to the beginning of the next first phase. Gradually decreases the size of the shell to about 12 mm or slightly below. The peculiarity is that it is at this time the highest density of the mucous layer, we see a hyperheogenic portion of the uterus.

With delay

When the girl has a latency of menstruation (starting bleeding), its cyclic period is lengthened. More often, the cause is a hormonal failure. The reasons for this: stress, dysfunction: not so much diet, how much consumption of vitamins, gynecological diseases, endocrine diseases, and so on.

When the delay does not work out the necessary hormones, the uterine epithelium remains in the amount that was in the secretion phase (from 12 to 14 tenth centimeters), and does not reduce its height to the required value. No rejection comes, respectively, do not begin monthly.

Endometrium before menstruation

Before the monthly mucous membrane is in the period of secretion. It is about 12 mm (1.2 centimeters). Under the influence of estrogen and progesterone, there is an impact on the functional layer, and it is brazed. Endometrial shell, losing one of the levels, is sophisticated to 3-5 mm.

Endometry thickness changes are presented in the table:

Norms of follicles by cycle days:

Thickness for conception

In order to favorably, the process of conception occurred, or rather, the implantation of an egg in the endometrium, it is necessary to achieve a certain state. The most favorable period for conception is the ovulation time, occurring in the middle of the cycle, at the end of the phase of the proliferation of the mucous membrane. The perfect size of the mucous layer from 11 to 12 mm.

Inconsistency

The width of the layer may not correspond to the phase of the cycle. This can be observed in the physiological process - pregnancy. With it, the shell increases significantly, it germinates with vessels (spiral arteries). Already to the second week can reach two centimeters and more. But in other cases, the change in the width of the epithelium is a pathological condition. Allocate two main disorders:

• Gypoplasia mucosa. When a smaller value is revealed during M-echo than it should be. May be less than 3 mm. Perhaps when inflammatory diseases occur (endometritis).
• Hyperplasia. The situation is reverse. The thickness is much higher, the pathological growth of the epithelium of the uterus occurs. In the initial period, the values \u200b\u200bof more than 10 mm reaches. It may develop with tumors (including moma), cystic diseases, endometriosis, chronic inflammatory diseases and others.

Thus, the endometrium undergoes huge changes during the entire menstrual cycle of a woman. It changes its structure, thickness, the ratio of structures under the influence of genital hormones. The process takes place correctly if the body is hormonal balance. It is important to maintain the normal functioning of the endometrial, since it is he who plays an important role in the implementation of the process of conception and forming the future fetus.