Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child. Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child Pregnancy 30 31 weeks all

31 obstetric weeks of pregnancy is the end of the seventh month.

There is not much left before the birth. What is your mom up to this week? What changes occur in the body of the unborn baby?

31 weeks of pregnancy - fetal development, photo, how does the baby develop and feel?

Together with the tummy, the mass of the unborn child increases. On average, by this time he weighs 1400 g, his height - 39 . The skin is thickened, now blood vessels are no longer visible under it. And although premature birth at this time is not considered normal, the baby in this case has every chance of surviving.

What has been formed, what is happening, what does it look like?

The visual system continues to improve. Now the baby is already well acquainted with the concept of light and darkness, but he will learn to distinguish shades only after birth.

If the mother is near a source of bright light and puts her hand on her tummy, the baby will definitely pay attention to her.

Pigment accumulates in the iris of the eye. The lung tissue becomes more mature. Neurons in the brain form many new connections, thanks to which the baby learns to consciously respond to stimuli. At this point, the child has learned to express joy and displeasure.

The baby gains an average of about 20 g in a day. He has grown so much that he can no longer move freely in the tummy as before. But his thrusts became much stronger and more confident.

What can be seen on an ultrasound?

Doctors use ultrasound at this time to determine the growth of the baby in dynamics. Thanks to the indicators obtained, it can be concluded whether the child is developing correctly. The condition of the cervix and placenta is also necessarily examined.

Moms can see that the baby's facial expressions are actively developing. He may wince, smile, frown and stick out his tongue and even yawn.

Video: Ultrasound 31 weeks pregnant

Fetal heart rate at 31 weeks

From the very beginning of pregnancy until delivery, doctors closely monitor the work of the baby's heart. Its indicators allow us to draw conclusions about how the baby is developing, whether there are any deviations.

In the third trimester, the heart rate should be 140-160 per minute. Usually, ultrasound is used for these purposes, but if more accurate data is needed, a woman is prescribed cardiotocography.

What happens in a woman's body?

The body of the expectant mother gets tired much faster and more often.

What symptoms may bother you this week:

The uterus has risen 10 cm above the navel. The size of the abdomen is already quite impressive, but the fetus, along with the placenta and uterus, continues to grow. This process will take another 10 weeks.
The hormone relaxin causes weakening of the joints of the pelvic bones. This makes the pelvic ring more stretchable and facilitates the birth process. A “side effect” of such stretching is a peculiar gait that appears in all pregnant women without exception.
If earlier heartburn was of a non-permanent nature, now it can become a constant companion of a pregnant woman.
A high level of progesterone affects the nasopharyngeal mucosa, causing it to swell. Therefore, most pregnant women experience nasal congestion.
At this time, the appearance of vivid dreams about the upcoming birth is possible.

The mother's blood never mixes with the baby's. This is facilitated by a thin placental barrier.

Changes in a woman's body at 31 obstetric weeks of pregnancy

Breast and belly of a woman at 31 weeks pregnant

The shape of the abdomen by this point should be ovoid. With polyhydramnios, the stomach becomes spherical, which is not very good. Stretch marks may appear on the skin of the abdomen and chest. To prevent the appearance of tears on the abdomen and chest, throughout pregnancy, you need to take care of the skin with moisturizing cosmetics. Proper nutrition also plays a significant role in skin elasticity.

The nipples can change their shape - they become larger and darker. Considering that the breast size has almost doubled, a woman needs to wear good quality supportive underwear at all times. This will reduce the load on the spine and thereby reduce back pain.

Movement during pregnancy

It is impossible not to notice the movement at this time. The baby makes about 25 movements per day. Periods of activity alternate with sleep.

There is less and less space in the uterus, so during sipping, the baby often causes pain to the mother. The best way to relieve pain is to change position.

In addition to movements, the mother may notice periodic twitching of the abdomen. The reason for this phenomenon is hiccups in a child. This often happens after he swallows amniotic fluid. There is nothing dangerous in this. On the contrary, in this way the digestive system is trained to work independently.

Video: 31 weeks pregnant

What can and can not a woman during pregnancy?

Moderate exercise is very beneficial for maintaining energy and well-being. The main thing here is not to overdo it and not bring yourself to exhaustion. No need to try to redo all the homework, this can be bad for your well-being.

Hiking, swimming, fitball exercises are considered the best option for physical activity at this time.

Avoid any pressure on the abdomen. Tight clothing can provoke vasospasm, which can cause insufficient weight gain in the child and developmental delays. For the same reason, it is not recommended to sleep on your back..

It is important to learn how to get out of bed slowly. Sudden movements can bring pain. If you follow your posture, you can significantly reduce back pain.

It is harmful for pregnant women to be in a smoky room. In this case, the baby can not get away from nicotine smoke penetrating into his body. The same applies to the evaporation of paints and varnishes.

31 weeks pregnant - how to understand that everything is fine?

There are several criteria by which you can determine that the pregnancy is proceeding normally:

Constant weight gain.
The presence of movements.
The distinct sound of a child's heart.

If fears haunt a woman constantly, it will be useful for her to talk to someone about it. By sharing their worries, they will no longer seem so serious.

Woman's well-being

At 31 weeks pregnant, a woman's discomfort intensifies. What happens to her body during this period.

The uterus is about 12 cm above the navel, the total weight gain is 9-12 kg.
Sometimes a woman feels contractions of the uterus, the so-called false contractions. They usually last 0.5-2 minutes. So the uterus prepares for childbirth. If you feel discomfort during contractions, try breathing exercises. Inhale deeply through your nose, exhale slowly through your mouth.
This period is accompanied by tangible pain in the back and lower back.
A common occurrence at 31 weeks of gestation is varicose veins. It occurs due to a strong relaxation of muscle tissue and vasodilation.
Many women note the irregularity of the stool - once every few days. This is the result of two factors. Firstly, the hormone progesterone greatly slows down intestinal motility. Secondly, the enlarged uterus puts pressure on the intestines, preventing it from emptying normally.
Discomfort, heaviness in the abdomen, flatulence are observed.
In the supine position, many expectant mothers begin to feel dizzy, dark in the eyes. This happens due to compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus. Therefore, women in late pregnancy should rest on their side.
The uterus increases pressure on the diaphragm, resulting in heartburn. To make its manifestation less pronounced, you need to eat often and little by little. Then the food will be easier to digest, and the stomach will not stretch.
The hormone relaxin relaxes the pelvic bones, preparing a woman for childbirth. This causes pain in the pelvis.

Happy family

If we talk about the feelings of a woman by the 31st week of pregnancy, then they become her constant companions.

Fatigue. The weight of the baby is already quite large, the load on all organs, the spine increases significantly.
Fear of losing balance. Quite reasonable, by the way. Due to the large belly, the displacement of the center of gravity, the woman's gait becomes awkward. Try to walk slowly, watch your posture.
Feeling hot. The metabolic rate increases, which is accompanied by a feeling of heat, increased sweating. Together with sweat, harmful substances and toxins leave the body, so this is a good sign.
Headache. Frequent companions of late pregnancy are jumps in blood pressure. This is not surprising, given that the kidneys and heart of a woman work for wear and tear. You should control the level of pressure, consult with your doctor.

Recommendation	What to do?
Eat right	Try to eat only natural products. Take a special place in the diet of dairy, meat, fish products. Do not eat fried, spicy, heavy foods that put additional stress on the body.
Don't Overeat	Control your appetite. 31 weeks of pregnancy is a period when a woman wants to eat something all the time. However, it is at this time that extra calories are deposited in the most inappropriate places.
Avoid swelling	At every opportunity, try to raise your legs to the level of the body. Limit your salt intake. Clothing must be loose. You can also wear compression stockings and tights. Edema is a sign of preeclampsia, so if you notice that no measures help get rid of them, consult a doctor.
Learn relaxation techniques	If you're anxious about your upcoming birth, or just can't sleep, learn a relaxation technique that will help you relax and bring peace of mind.
Help baby roll over	If by this time the fetus has not yet laid down head down, help him. There are many ways that will stimulate the baby to take the right position: swimming, special exercises. Music helped many women: they put headphones with a pleasant melody to the lower abdomen so that the baby would strive with his head there.
Do yoga	Pregnant women noted its amazing ability to reduce back and lower back pain. In extreme cases, you can purchase a special bandage for pregnant women.
Take care of baby	The task of the expectant mother is to do everything possible so that the child spends in the stomach the period that is predetermined by nature - 40 weeks. After all, by this time the baby's lungs will be completely ready for independent breathing, all organs and systems are fully developed.
Be ready	31 weeks is pretty late. It's time to start collecting things for the hospital. Believe me, childbirth always begins unexpectedly, so if you collect your “alarm suitcase” in advance, you can get to the hospital in a short time without forgetting anything you need.

But what about sex at 31 weeks pregnant - is it possible or not? Many couples minimize intimacy by this time for fear of harming the unborn child and provoking premature birth. However, doctors are not so categorical. Consult a doctor: if the pregnancy is proceeding normally, the woman feels well, there are no contraindications to sex.

Remember, the baby is reliably protected by the uterus and the amniotic sac, so the risk of damaging it is minimal. In addition, by the seventh month of pregnancy, women experience a hormonal surge, which manifests itself in increased sexual desire.

Getting ready for the hospital, there may be frequent fatigue

Discharge or how to recognize childbirth?

By week 31, the amount of vaginal discharge may increase slightly. It is necessary to learn to distinguish between discharge from leakage of amniotic fluid. Water - liquid, transparent, odorless. If you suspect a water leak, go to the hospital immediately, as your baby is at risk of intrauterine infection.

Almost all women find thrush at this stage of pregnancy. You can determine it by mucous, cheesy secretions with a specific beer smell. Thrush needs treatment, as the baby during childbirth can become infected with the Candida fungus.

What should really alert a woman is this.

Bloody discharge from the vagina. With light discharge, observe your condition. If they do not go away, you need to see a doctor. If there is strong blood, this indicates a placental abruption or placenta previa. A dangerous condition, fraught with premature birth. It is necessary to immediately call an ambulance, and do not move until it arrives.
Pain in the abdomen, especially accompanied by bloody discharge. They indicate an increased tone of the uterus, so they require a visit to the doctor.
Departure of amniotic fluid.

You are getting closer to giving birth. By and large, they can begin at any moment, despite the fact that the allotted time has not yet come. And although at 31 weeks the baby has a great chance of surviving, the process of intrauterine development and maturation is by no means over.

Fetus at 31 weeks gestation: movements, development, weight and size

Masik's eyes are already quite well developed: he distinguishes between light and darkness, can focus his gaze, open and close his eyelids, squint. At the 31st week of pregnancy, a “corneal reflex” can be observed in a child: if he touches an open eye, he will immediately screw it up.

This week, the nails will almost reach the end of the fingers.

The brain convolutions continue to form, nerve cells work very actively, lung tissue improves, further releasing surfactant. Thanks to this, the baby will be able to inhale his first air - this substance prevents the empty alveoli from sticking together.

The liver is also actively developing: it already secretes bile, and from the 31st week of pregnancy it is preparing to cleanse the blood of the unborn child from toxins. The pancreas of the crumbs already produces its own insulin, it will begin to produce the enzymes necessary for digesting food only after birth.

Most babies at this time are already turning their heads down, from this position at the appointed time they will begin their journey into a new world. However, a certain percentage of babies do not take this most physiological position for childbirth. But you should not immediately get upset: it is quite possible that in the next week the baby will still move to the correct position.

In general, the child quickly builds up mass: at 31 weeks, he weighs an average of 1500 g and has grown to 41 cm. The skin turns pink, but capillaries are still visible through it - there is not enough subcutaneous tissue yet.

Your baby has already managed to develop his own sleep and wakefulness regimen: now you can notice that the baby reminds of himself at a certain time of the day. Moreover, he can even “remind” very actively, sometimes causing pain to his mother with his strong pushes and kicks. Each next movement of the baby can bring a woman tangible discomfort in the area of the ribs, in the intestines or bladder, in the groin, in the back - it depends on where the baby rests, stretching out the leg or handle.

The number and nature of the movements should be monitored further: too frequent, painful movements of the baby can be a signal of a lack of oxygen, indicating an uncomfortable position for him adopted by his mother. You should be alarmed if the movements of the crumbs are not felt for several hours, in which case it is advisable to go to the doctor as soon as possible, who will listen to the baby's heartbeat and determine if everything is in order with him.

In general, at 31 weeks, the mother feels about 10 movements of the baby for 12 hours, or up to 4 movements per hour.

Future mom

The baby is growing and gaining weight very intensively. But you should get no more than 300 g per week - watch your increase. Now the expectant mother fully feels the burden of pregnancy: it’s awkward to walk, it’s hard to breathe, it’s uncomfortable to sleep ... If you didn’t suffer before or they disturbed you only occasionally, now you are more likely to encounter this trouble more closely.

Keep track of swelling, pressure and general well-being. If by the morning the swelling of the legs does not go away, and you feel tired, and also if your eyes ripple, your legs cramp, your head hurts and you skid when cornering, you should visit the doctor earlier.
However, now you will visit the clinic quite often. You will need to take repeated ones, and if you have, then even more often than others.

Vaginal swabs will be taken from you, because due to reduced immunity, thrush may develop or recur, and it must be cured by childbirth. You should also get your hands on: now this is your most important document. You should carry it with you all the time, because it is according to the records in the exchange card that the doctor will coordinate his actions in the event of your admission to the maternity hospital.

Be sure to ask your doctor how your baby is positioned. The correct presentation is head down. In this case, it will be useful to wear. If the baby lay down differently, ask about exercises that will help you correct the situation. In this case, do not use the bandage yet.

Do not forget that the baby feels your mood and state. Communicate with him daily, please yourself and his pleasant activities, enjoy the last weeks of peace: very soon you will have a lot of pleasant worries.

Pain at 31 weeks pregnant

As the uterus grows, the body weight of the pregnant woman also increases. Accordingly, the load on the legs, knee joints and back increases, the internal organs and systems of the body work "at full".

Therefore, it is not surprising if by the 31st week they increase - as a result of a shift in the center of gravity and increased load. It is very important to develop the correct posture and follow simple rules: do not walk for a long time, do not sit on chairs without a back, do not lie on your back, do not cross your legs, wear comfortable shoes.

The body is now working in preparation for the upcoming birth: the pelvic bones soften and diverge somewhat, which is the reason for possible pain in the perineum and sacrum. At the same time, pay attention to whether the pain affects the pubis - pain in the pubic bone indicates the possible development of symphysitis.

Due to the compression of the intestines by the uterus, a decrease in the tone of the smooth muscles of the esophagus, many pregnant women suffer from constipation. And constipation, as you know, is one of the first steps to the development of hemorrhoids, which, like any other disease, is better to prevent than to eliminate later. Therefore, pay attention to painful manifestations in the anus - pain in this part may portend hemorrhoids.

Belly at 31 weeks pregnant: pulls, hurts

Do not leave without reaction and abdominal pain that occurs at 31 weeks of pregnancy. You can certainly distinguish the painful sensations associated with digestive disorders from other pathological pains. And if the stomach at the 31st week of pregnancy pulls and hurts, this is, nevertheless, more a pathology than a norm.

For example, the stomach can hurt due to detachment of a normally located placenta. Yes, placental abruption in most cases is accompanied by external signs - the appearance of bloody discharge. However, bleeding can be internal, and in this case, the separation of blood from the genital tract is not observed. But there are severe pains in the lower abdomen - the stomach can sometimes hurt so much that it is impossible to touch it.

Pain in the abdomen - pulling, aching, lasting for a long time - may indicate increased uterine tone and the associated risk of preterm birth. If your stomach hurts and has been pulling for several hours in a row, do not wait for “weather from the sea”, it is better to immediately go for a consultation with a doctor.

A very serious condition, which, among other things, is accompanied by abdominal pain, can be a condition called preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a preliminary stage of eclampsia itself, the last form of preeclampsia, which is a dangerous condition for the health and life of the mother and child. The main signs of preeclampsia are headache, "flies" before the eyes, dizziness, pain and heaviness in the abdomen. With such symptoms, go to the doctor immediately, because without a proper response, the condition of the pregnant woman can deteriorate sharply and unexpectedly - up to the occurrence of convulsions of the torso and face, loss of consciousness.

Discharge at 31 weeks pregnant

Continue to monitor the nature of the discharge: normal vaginal discharge at 31 weeks of gestation is light gray or milky-light in color, homogeneous, without a pronounced odor. Do not be alarmed if the amount of discharge at this stage increases slightly: the blood supply to the genital organs is now reaching its maximum, which is the reason for some increase in the amount of discharge.

But, if at the same time the discharge changes its color towards yellow, green, earthy color, pus or flakes appear in the discharge, foamy or curdled discharge with a sharp and unpleasant odor is observed - go for an examination as soon as possible.

So, the changes mentioned above are usually caused by the development of a sexual infection. Most often, women during pregnancy experience the development or exacerbation of thrush, but changes in the nature of the discharge can also be caused by any other sexual infection. And, whatever it is, it is imperative to treat the disease, otherwise there is a high risk of transmitting the infection to the fetus in utero or when it passes through the birth canal.

You should not postpone a visit to the doctor and with the appearance of bloody, scarlet, brown spotting. Their appearance is a symptom of a possible abruption or placenta previa. And, even if it bleeds very slightly, this cannot be ignored: at any moment, bleeding can become rampant.

However, keep in mind that the appearance of blood on the panties may also be associated with inflammation, bleeding of hemorrhoids. And in this case, first of all, it is worth thinking about the adequate treatment of hemorrhoids.

Liquid watery discharge that has a yellowish tint is amniotic fluid. Of course, the simultaneous outflow of amniotic fluid by a woman cannot go unnoticed, and in this case, you should immediately call an ambulance: premature birth begins with the outflow of water. But, at the same time, the amniotic fluid may well leak in small portions, drop by drop, which is always associated with a violation of the integrity of the membranes. Even the slightest suspicion of leakage of amniotic fluid, which may occur with a feeling of increased moisture in the perineum, should be the reason for the earliest possible visit to a doctor: if the integrity of the membranes is violated, the fetus is defenseless against the attack of infections.

ultrasound

It is likely that at 31 weeks pregnant you will be scheduled for a third planned ultrasound. An ultrasound session is both an occasion for a mother to once again meet with a baby and observe him, and a valuable method for obtaining information about the course of pregnancy and fetal development.

As long as you smile, looking at how the baby sucks his finger or plays with the umbilical cord, the doctor will be able to determine the absence of any risks and pathologies. When conducting an ultrasound, a specialist measures the size of the fetus and correlates it with the gestational age, listens to the baby's heartbeat, and establishes its location. In addition, the internal organs and systems of the fetus will be examined to determine whether their development and improvement are normal.

Be sure to evaluate the doctor and the condition, the size of the uterus. Pay attention to the quantity and quality of amniotic fluid.

Especially for- Elena Kichak

A calm and measured period has come. A woman no longer needs to get up early in the morning, get to work or study, there is no longer a need to rush. A woman meets 31 weeks of pregnancy at home, she went on maternity leave. Now there is more time for myself and preparation for the upcoming birth.

How many months is this?

The final - third trimester of pregnancy continues. 30-31 obstetric weeks corresponds to 7 obstetric months and 3 weeks. In the usual calendar calculation of time, 7 months have passed. According to the Negale rule, the gestation period is calculated in lunar months. In each of them - 28 days or 4 weeks exactly.

31 weeks is 29 weeks from conception and 27 weeks from the first day of missed periods. Childbirth can theoretically occur at any time, but there are still about 9 weeks left before the expected day of birth.

The date in the exchange card of the expectant mother does not mean at all that the birth will happen on that day. Only 5% of babies are born in the DA, the rest choose a different time for themselves - before or after the specified date.

Feelings of a woman

By the 31st week, a woman manages to feel not only all the delights of pregnancy, but also all her hardships. There is no longer the former ease, simple everyday things are given with great difficulty. A woman gets tired faster, she can be tormented by various pains. All body systems begin to "tune in" for an early birth, and everything that happens to the baby and mother at this time, one way or another, is connected precisely with this advance preparation.

Fetal movements

The beginning of 31 weeks is usually marked by a decrease in the motor activity of the baby. The child becomes cramped, there is less and less free space in the uterus, now, without any problems, only movements of the head and limbs are given to the baby. Complete coups are already limited by the walls of the uterus, they are almost impossible.

At the same time, the movements become stronger, the woman sometimes feels painful kicks and pokes. If the baby is in a breech presentation, movements are more often felt in the lower abdomen, and women already without much difficulty determine where the baby has a head, where the priest is, where the legs and arms are.

The kid obeys his daily routine. Most of the day he, of course, spends in a dream. The periods of wakefulness may not coincide with the maternal ones. Movements have long ceased to be ordinary movements, now it is the language of communication between a mother and her child. The baby begins to move more actively if he lacks oxygen and nutrition, if the mother has taken an uncomfortable position. Often, babies “knock” on their mother’s hand, which is specially placed on the stomach. By the nature of the movements, the mother guesses about the well-being of her baby.

The baby shows high weather sensitivity. It is more active on clear days than on cloudy and rainy ones. It is also directly affected by the emotions of the mother. If a woman is happy, she rejoices, the baby receives the hormone of joy and becomes more active. If a woman is sad, worries, is in a state of stress, the baby receives stress hormones and reduces activity.

Despite the cramped conditions of existence, the baby still continues to demonstrate its character. A mobile and curious baby moves in the womb more often and stronger than a calm one who prefers to sleep.

All these factors a woman should definitely take into account when counting movements, which she should do daily at 31 weeks.

How to count movements?

The counting of movements is necessary in order to add up the most complete picture of the state of the baby, because any trouble is immediately reflected in his motor activity.

Often, when counting, women make a gross mistake, considering each movement as a separate one. Before proceeding with the calculations, it is necessary to remember that one movement is both a single movement and a whole series of movements. If the baby rolled over, and then “kicked” his mother with his heel, this is one movement. If the baby just “kicked” mom, and this was not followed by another movement, then this is also one movement.

Any of the existing methods can be used for counting. The most popular is Pearson's method, which is popularly called "Count to ten." Counting starts at 8 or 9 in the morning. As soon as the woman mentally fixes the tenth movement, she notes in the table the time at which it happened, and does not return to the calculation until the end of the day. If before 9 pm, if the counting started at 9 am, or before 8 pm, if the woman started counting at 8 am, the baby will show 10 movements, everything is fine with him.

Cardiff method also quite common among pregnant women. It differs from Pearson only in that the woman herself chooses when to count the movements. If her fetus is more active at night, she may well count movements at night, the main thing is that in 12 hours the baby also demonstrates 10 movements.

Less common Sadowski's method. But it can also be used - both separately and in addition to the Pearson or Cardiff method. A woman should fix movements after eating. If after a delicious dinner for an hour the baby pushed 4 times or more, there is no reason to worry.

Counting movements allows a woman to quickly find out that the baby is experiencing difficulties. For example, if there was an entanglement of the umbilical cord around the neck, an Rhesus conflict entered the active stage, pathologies of the placenta occurred, the baby may be threatened with hypoxia. Oxygen starvation is dangerous by irreversible processes in the brain: lack of oxygen injures the nervous system of the fetus. Hypoxia is a common cause of intrauterine fetal death.

If your baby is sharply activated, his movements become chaotic, frequent, painful and restless, the initial stage of hypoxia is not excluded. With severe and prolonged hypoxia, children, on the contrary, reduce motor activity in order to “save” oxygen. A woman may not count the required number of movements.

If there is a deviation from the norm in one direction or another, a woman must definitely inform her doctor about this. At this time, his diagnostic capabilities are wider - now he can prescribe CTG (cardiotocography) in addition to Doppler ultrasound, which will determine the speed of blood flow in the uterine vessels.

In case of hypoxia, which poses a threat to the life and health of the baby, early delivery may be recommended by performing a caesarean section.

The mood of the expectant mother

The mood of a pregnant woman at 31 weeks again becomes dependent on hormones. If in the early stages the changes in the psychological state were “dictated” by progesterone, now estrogen influences the psyche of a woman. The closer to the date of birth, the more these hormones are produced in the body. They contribute to increased anxiety and suspiciousness, the emergence of fears.

Most often, women this week complain about the fear of childbirth. It can be so strong that a woman cannot think of anything else. It would seem that you need to rejoice at the imminent meeting with the baby, but nothing pleases the woman, and the more she reads materials about how childbirth proceeds, the stronger this fear becomes.

This fear is considered normal, and psychologists recommend that pregnant women learn to cope with it so as not to overshadow the last months of pregnancy either for themselves or for the child, who already subtly feels mom's mood swings. In addition to the fear of possible pain, women are at a loss about the condition of the child. Even if the ultrasound showed no abnormalities, every expectant mother from time to time has the idea that she can give birth to a sick baby.

In addition, women in the third trimester worry about their relationship with their husband, because there is almost nothing left of the waist, and clumsiness and weight gain do not contribute to active and easy sex. Women are afraid to give birth prematurely, not to get to the maternity hospital, they are afraid that they will have a caesarean section. All fears can and should be fought.

Psychologists recommend not reading about complications and difficulties during childbirth, stop communicating with people who talk about their own or someone else's negative experience of childbirth. Instead, it is better to focus on the pleasant - buying baby clothes, toys, strollers and cribs. And specialists in courses for pregnant women will help to prepare for childbirth without unnecessary nerves, where it's time to enroll, if this has not been done before. There they will teach you how to breathe and push, tell you about the first signs of labor.

If at 31 weeks a woman cannot cope with her emotions, she is overcome by anger, she is excessively tearful, you can consult a psychologist who accepts free of charge in any antenatal clinic.

pain

Weak pain sensations are considered completely normal for this period, because the uterus has become large, the ligamentous apparatus is stretched, the load on the spine, muscles, and lower limbs is increased. Such pains do not indicate the onset of childbirth and you just need to put up with them, because now they are unlikely to leave the woman until the very moment the baby is born.

The following symptoms indicate the onset of preterm labor at 31 weeks:

cramping pains in the lower abdomen, aggravated over time, recurring at regular intervals;
outflow of amniotic fluid;
the appearance of bloody discharge from the genitals.

All other pains are considered physiological and should not greatly disturb a woman. The shifted center of gravity due to the large abdomen causes tension in the ligaments, muscles and lumbar spine. As a result, the back hurts, pulls the lower back. The longer a woman is forced to be in an upright position, the stronger the pain becomes. But they are not acute, rather they can be described as dull and aching.

A few weeks ago, relaxin began to be produced in the body of a pregnant woman. This hormone relaxes and softens the ligaments and bones of the pelvis. So the pelvis is preparing for childbirth. These processes lead to the fact that the pubic bone hurts.

Unpleasant feelings will have to endure. But if the pain in the perineum becomes acute and unbearable, if it hurts so much between the legs that the woman cannot sit and stand, walk, climb stairs and roll over from side to side, you should definitely consult a doctor. This is how symphysitis manifests itself - a complication that is dangerous in the first place because natural childbirth can lead to a woman's disability. Often, with established symphysitis, a caesarean section is performed.

Night leg cramps are a consequence of a lack of calcium in the mother's body. The baby's bone skeleton continues to grow, the bones are strengthened. For the same reason, a woman can become brittle nails. If a tooth starts to hurt, now you can go to the dentist: most painkillers are already allowed. True, the treatment is complicated by the inability to take an x-ray of the tooth.

Aches in the knees and ankles at 31 weeks is a natural consequence of a considerable weight gain.

Headaches are associated with a large load on the vessels and the heart, as well as with changes in blood pressure.

If your head hurts badly and often, you should definitely consult a doctor, because hypertension, like hypotension, is not the best companion of pregnancy in its third trimester.

The nature of the discharge

Discharge from the genitals is a special, delicate topic for conversation. At 31 weeks, there may be more of them, and there will be nothing pathological in this. Under the influence of estrogens, the vaginal secretion becomes more liquid, plentiful, but normally it remains light or slightly yellowish, odorless or having a slight sour-milk odor.

If the amount of discharge worries a woman, you can use thin panty liners. It is strictly forbidden to use tampons for pregnant women, after all, the vaginal secret should come out, and not accumulate in the genital tract.

If the discharge has changed and become white and thick, itching has appeared in the perineum, the woman should definitely consult a doctor - thrush, although it is a common ailment during pregnancy, should be treated completely by the time of delivery.

Bloody discharge may indicate the onset of preterm labor, placental abruption. You can not hesitate, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Green or grayish-dirty discharge with an unpleasant fishy odor is a sign of a bacterial infection. If there is a watery discharge, the water may have broken. It is difficult to confuse the complete discharge of water with anything else, but their partial leakage can go unnoticed for a long time.

Changes in the body

Sometimes it may seem to a woman at 31 weeks that her stomach simply has nowhere to grow further, but this feeling is subjective and erroneous. The belly continues to grow. The woman's gait becomes heavy. It is difficult for her to put on shoes on her own, it is almost impossible to bend over to pick something up from the floor.

uterus growth

The uterus has grown to the size of a large basketball. The height of the uterine fundus at 31 weeks is in the range of 29-32 centimeters.

The length of the cervix is normally more than 30 centimeters. A short cervix may indicate the threat of premature birth, because the baby is already heavy and presses on the cervix with all its weight from the inside.

A shortened cervix at this time requires constant monitoring. If earlier a woman was given surgical sutures or an obstetric pessary, then she needs to visit the doctor once a week in order to notice possible signs of early cervical dilatation in time. Some are shown to stay in the hospital.

From this period, the uterus will somewhat slow down the pace of its growth. Now the baby is actively growing, it occupies almost the entire internal space of the uterus. Closer to childbirth, the standing height of its bottom will begin to decrease altogether, because the baby will begin to sink down, take a “pre-launch” position, tightly pressing its head against the exit from the small pelvis.

Above the line of the navel, the uterus at 31 weeks rises by almost 11 centimeters. From the pubic symphysis to the upper edge of the uterus - more than 30 centimeters. The uterus weighs about 700 grams. It becomes difficult for a woman to breathe, she constantly lacks air, because the reproductive organ squeezes the diaphragm.

Shortness of breath and dizziness that occur with little physical exertion are considered completely normal for this period.

The internal organs of a woman are squeezed and displaced. The uterus presses on the stomach, which is why a woman often has heartburn. Compression of the gallbladder leads to a violation of the outflow of bile and diarrhea, nausea.

The intestinal loops, displaced back and squeezed by the uterus, cause constipation and increased gas formation. The pressure of the uterus on the bladder causes frequent urination. At 31 weeks, there may be unpleasant “surprises” - coughing or sneezing, laughter can cause a woman to involuntarily leak urine.

At a scheduled appointment, the doctor must measure the height of the uterine fundus and the distance between the pelvic bones with a centimeter tape. If the uterus is growing at a slower pace, the doctor may suggest intrauterine growth retardation. Ahead of the VSDM is a sign of a large fetus, as well as polyhydramnios.

Weight gain

Weight gain by 31 weeks averages 11-13 kilograms. And this weight is made up of the mass of the mammary glands, uterus, fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, as well as the increased amount of blood in the woman's body.

The increase can be more or less. It all depends on what kind of lifestyle a woman leads, how she eats, and also on what her complexion was before pregnancy.

By 31 weeks, lean girls who had low body weight can gain up to 12.3 kilograms.
Women with a normal physique and no problems with being overweight - up to 10.5 kilograms.
Women who had extra pounds or had obesity of one degree or another - no more than 7 kilograms. Weight gain in the range of 400 grams per week is considered normal.

Excess weight complicates the process of childbirth and does not contribute to a quick recovery after them. All women know how difficult it is to get rid of extra pounds later. But the most dangerous are not exceeding the norm of weight, but its sharp jumps - by a kilogram per week or more. They may be a sign of developing preeclampsia - late toxicosis.

The disease often develops in pregnant women with their first child, in women over 35 years of age, with multiple pregnancies, but in other women this complication is not uncommon. If the swelling is external, then the woman herself notices them. But the most dangerous are internal edema. They are sometimes manifested by jumps in weight.

If you don't have a floor scale in your house yet, it's time to get one. You do not need to weigh yourself every day, it will be enough to weigh once a week on the same day, for example, on Thursday or Tuesday.

Weigh-in will also take place in the doctor's office at each scheduled appointment. If your data differs from the scale in the gynecologist's office, take your notes with you to the appointment to show them to the doctor.

Training bouts

Most women have training contractions at 31 weeks. They are manifested by a slight tone of the uterus, the woman feels that she is pulling her lower back, lower abdomen. Such contractions in some pregnant women happen once a week, in others - every day. There are women who experience false contractions often, and there are those who do not experience them at all.

No one will answer the question of how many training bouts should be normal for this period, because there are no norms in relation to them. They do not affect the opening of the cervix, do not bring the day of birth closer, and they are called training rather conditionally.

The very fact of training the muscles of the uterus has not been proven, because in women who have not experienced a single training contraction during pregnancy, they give birth no differently than those in whom false contractions occurred constantly.

Another common question is how long before birth such contractions appear. In nulliparous women, false contractions appear earlier than in mothers with experience and experience. In pregnant women with a second or third baby, training contractions most often start for the first time shortly before childbirth - a few days or even hours before.

Other changes

The breasts of a woman who is 31 weeks pregnant are impressive in size and shape. It may show a bluish network of blood vessels. The breast looks full, colostrum may begin to stand out from the nipples. This nutrient fluid precedes the formation of breast milk.

Women who have previously breastfed may have more colostrum due to weak nipples and dilated ducts. Right now, special attention should be paid to nipple hygiene - rinse the mammary glands with warm water two or three times a day, do not squeeze out colostrum. If you are worried about leaking, you need to use special bra inserts that will prevent stains on clothes and underwear.

Age spots on the skin, if they appeared earlier, persist and will not disappear until the postpartum period. But new spots will not form at this time. Nevertheless, a woman should be less likely to be in open sunlight, because her skin is now extremely sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.

The likelihood of an allergic reaction increases, and therefore you should not use new cosmetics, unverified brands.

A woman may notice that her vision is slightly reduced. This is a natural consequence of changes in blood pressure in the intraocular vessels. It is not necessary to treat such myopia, it is considered physiological and goes away on its own after childbirth.

Most women emphasize that at 31 weeks they begin to suffer from insomnia. It is very difficult to choose a comfortable position for a night's sleep, because among the whole variety of positions, a woman has a poor choice - either the right side or the left.

Fetal development

A baby at 31 weeks pregnant looks fully formed and ready for birth. Of course, he is still thinner than full-term babies, but in general he is very reminiscent of a newborn.

The size of the baby resembles a large melon. His height is now in the range of 40-42 centimeters, and his weight is up to 1600-1800 grams. Boys are slightly heavier than girls.

In appearance, hereditary traits are already well traced: the baby can be tall or short, plump or thin.

The position of the fetus at 31 weeks of gestation is in most cases the same as it will be at the time of delivery. If the baby is now sitting on the priest in a breech presentation or is across the uterus in a transverse presentation, the doctor will advise the pregnant woman on special gymnastics and standing in a knee-elbow position so that the baby has a chance to turn around correctly. This possibility still exists, but it is small. If the baby does not turn around, then 1-2 weeks before the expected date of birth, a planned caesarean section will be prescribed.

The vast majority of babies are now in the correct position - the head. Their head is still high above the entrance to the small pelvis, if the head starts to fall at 31 weeks, doctors talk about a high probability of premature birth.

Appearance

The baby stopped being red. His skin took on a soft pink hue. The skin was thickened, a layer of subcutaneous fatty tissue appeared. So far, there is not so much of it as it is necessary for the baby's body to be able to independently maintain heat in conditions outside the mother's womb, but not so little so that the baby looks like a thin "goal".

The skin is smoothed, and all the folds and wrinkles that made the baby look like a wrinkled old man gradually disappear. Quite nice and plump cheeks appear, legs and arms have recovered, the tummy is growing and there is already a small butt.

If the baby is destined to be born a burning brunette or brown-haired, now his hair begins to darken, a pigment is formed that stains them. Eyelashes and eyebrows have grown, all facial features have fully formed.

If a baby is destined to be born with dimples on his cheeks, then, believe me, they already exist. The auricles become harder and almost stop sticking out. However, the cartilage is still quite soft. If the baby is born now, it is by the degree of softening of the ears that the doctors will judge the degree of his prematurity and immaturity.

The position in which the baby is now is the only possible one. Given that he felt cramped in the uterus, he assumed a flexed position, pulled his legs to his tummy, brought his hands to his stomach, and his chin to his chest. This position allows the baby to “save” space in the uterus. The proportions of the body have leveled off, the head has an almost regular shape, the legs are longer than the arms. At 31 weeks, the process of getting rid of lanugo is in full swing - blond hair that covered the entire body and retains the original lubricant.

The lubricant itself also becomes less. Soon it will remain only where mechanical rubbing is possible: in the groin, under the armpits, in the elbow folds on the arms, in the popliteal - on the legs and under the chin.

If you look at the baby on a three-dimensional or four-dimensional ultrasound, then at the 31st week of pregnancy it will be possible to say with great accuracy who he looks like, besides, the baby will definitely show a lot: he already knows a lot.

Development of the nervous system

The process of differentiation of the cerebral cortex at 31 weeks is coming to an end. Furrows and convolutions of the cortex are practically formed. Now the processes of formation of neural connections come to the fore.

The electrical potentials of the brain at 31 weeks are not only recorded, but also acquire a fairly regular character.

About a quarter of a million neurons are formed per minute, and each of these nerve cells has its own use. Neurons underlie all the processes that take place in the nervous system, at the basis of all the reflexes that the baby has already acquired and is acquiring these days.

The kid has sucking and swallowing reflexes, a grasping reflex is developed, he can react to touching the skin, pushes off obstacles with his legs. By the 31st week, the respiratory reflex is almost formed, the baby's chest makes respiratory movements, although there is no full-fledged breathing yet.

The eyes distinguish between light and darkness, the baby can squint, blink, he has a reflex photosensitivity. The brain takes control not only of the motor functions of the baby's body, but also of his senses.

The baby reacts to loud sounds from outside. The baby is already used to internal sounds (mother's heartbeat, breathing, etc.), but the external sounds that reach him frighten him.

Internal organs

The internal organs of the baby are fully formed and now they are only growing and increasing in size. The small heart is the most developed, it began to work one of the first as early as 5-6 weeks of pregnancy and now provides all the organs and systems of the baby with blood, pumping more than 20 liters of blood per day.

About half a liter of urine per day is produced by the child's kidneys. The digestive organs practically "rehearsed" the interaction. The intestine is regularly contracting, villi have appeared in it, the accumulation of the original feces "meconium" continues, which consists of lanugo particles, epithelial cells and impurities of bile that enters the intestine. Due to it, meconium has a dark green, almost black, color.

The maturation of lung tissue continues. Small hollow vesicles called alveoli accumulate surfactant. This substance after the birth of the baby will not allow the alveoli to stick together and provide the opportunity to breathe on their own. An insufficient amount of surfactant after birth can lead to the development of acute respiratory failure and death of the child.

Viability

Babies born at 31 weeks overwhelmingly survive. They are already quite viable, although they cannot boast of great weight and height at birth. A baby who is born at 31 weeks of gestation will definitely need the help of doctors.

A premature baby cannot retain heat effectively and often has trouble breathing on its own. That is why such babies are placed in resuscitation incubators, which provide oxygen, food through a tube, and also maintain the desired temperature and humidity.

The task of doctors is to help the baby grow up to 2 kilograms. A child with such a weight no longer causes concern among doctors, he retains heat well, eats, breathes. After this succeeds, the woman will be discharged home under the supervision of a district pediatrician and a neurologist, because premature babies often have problems with the nervous system.

baby on ultrasound

A planned third ultrasound is usually scheduled for a period of 32-34 weeks, and there is still time before it. There is no mandatory ultrasound examination at 31 weeks, but it can be prescribed to a woman with a severe obstetric history, isthmic-cervical insufficiency, and risks of preterm birth. In all other cases, ultrasound can be performed at the own request of the expectant mother in any clinic that provides such diagnostic services.

If a woman wants to find out or clarify the sex of the baby, then no one vouches for the accuracy of the “prediction” at this time. The position in which the baby is now located makes it difficult to see his genitals. That is why it is considered that The best time for sex determination is the second trimester.

The internal organs of the baby are well visualized, the doctor can examine each and draw conclusions regarding the absence or presence of malformations in their development.

Dangers and risks

The chance of preterm birth at 31 weeks is estimated to be about 7%. It is higher in those women who expose themselves to physical exertion, are in a state of severe stress, smoke and drink alcohol.

The risk of having a baby before the due date is higher for those who carry twins or triplets, as well as for pregnant women over 35 years old. To reduce the tone of the uterus, a woman is prescribed No-Shpu or Papaverine. Both of these antispasmodics reduce the tone of the smooth muscles of the uterus.

Another danger of 31 weeks of pregnancy is reduced immunity. From the very beginning of pregnancy, the woman's immunity is suppressed so that the fetus has the opportunity to develop and grow in the mother's womb. By week 31, the natural defenses of the female body are so weakened that any virus and bacterium pose a very real danger to her.

If now a woman gets sick with the flu or SARS, chickenpox or another infection, this will not cause much harm to the child: it is protected by maternal immunity. He has already begun to develop his own immune defense, however, it is still very weak.

The placenta is a barrier. But it is she who can suffer in case of high temperature. Therefore, the treatment of a cold or a viral infection, a runny nose or a sore throat must necessarily take place under the supervision of a doctor. Self-medication is now more dangerous than the disease itself.

At the 31st week of pregnancy, due to the heavy load on the lower limbs and the pressure of the uterus on the vena cava, circulatory disorders can occur, which lead to the development of varicose veins and hemorrhoids. These unpleasant ailments should also be treated only with medicines approved by the doctor. Pharmacies sell a lot of venotonics and hemorrhoid remedies, but not all of them are shown to pregnant women.

Analyzes and examinations

At 31 weeks pregnant, most women undergo CTG for the first time. Cardiotocography is done in the antenatal clinic. Two sensors attached to the belly of the future mother, for a certain period of time (at least half an hour), record the movements of the baby, the tone of the uterus and the baby's heartbeat.

The results obtained allow us to draw conclusions about the condition of the baby and his well-being. If the pregnancy is difficult, the doctor may perform CTG every week or every other week from this week. The number of examinations is individual.

If a scheduled appointment is scheduled for the current week, then the woman must pass a general urine test. Protein in the urine at this time may indicate the development of preeclampsia. A blood test at 31 weeks is not prescribed, since his expectant mother handed over a week earlier when applying for maternity leave. If a woman's hemoglobin is normal, her glucose level is not exceeded, she will take the next blood test before giving birth.

Recommendations at week 31 remain standard: a woman is shown outdoor walks, a balanced diet rich in vitamins and trace elements, control of weight gain, and a moderately active lifestyle. Separately, the following useful tips can be noted.

Wear a supportive orthopedic prenatal bandage. It will help reduce the load on the spine, back muscles, lower back and legs.
If your feet and hands are swollen, reduce the amount of salt in your diet, do not drink large amounts of liquid just before bedtime.
Sex is not contraindicated unless the doctor has a different opinion on this matter. Orgasm helps prepare the muscles of the uterus for childbirth, and male sperm contains prostaglandins that help the cervix to ripen. Sex should be gentle, and positions should be safe.

To quickly cope with a headache, a woman needs to lie down a little and relax in a darkened room that is well ventilated. Sleeping with a special pillow for pregnant women will help reduce night pain in the pubic bone.
Skin itching in the thighs, abdomen, chest is a sign of overstretching of the skin. If at 31 weeks the stomach and hips itch, the navel hurts, you can use warm vegetable oil. It is rubbed with gentle movements into itchy areas after taking a shower.
Do not neglect the opportunity to attend courses for expectant mothers, they work at every antenatal clinic. You can do this together with your spouse: it will also be useful for the future father to learn how to care for a newborn and how you can help your wife in the early postpartum period.

During intrauterine development, the unborn child constantly changes its appearance, learns to perform various movements, acquires reflexes, increases in growth, and gains weight. These changes prepare the baby for the birth. 31 weeks pregnant- the middle of the third trimester, by this time the woman goes on maternity leave, about 10 weeks remain before the expected birth.

When calculating the gestation period, doctors use obstetric weeks (7 days) and months (28 days or 4 obstetric weeks), the beginning of gestation is the first day of the last menstruation. Therefore, the 31st obstetric week of pregnancy does not correspond to the calendar, the real age of the child at this point is approximately 7 months, it is counted from the day of conception.

Fetal development

The thirty-first week of pregnancy is an important stage in, because at this time active maturation of lung tissue occurs. In the alveoli (structural units of the lungs) there are special cells that produce surfactant, its function is to prevent the collapse of the lung tissue, due to which the first breath of the baby becomes possible. The synthesis of this substance begins from the 24th week of pregnancy, however, in the middle of the third trimester, this process proceeds more actively. After 36 weeks, the baby's lungs are fully prepared for the first breath.

The 31st week of pregnancy is characterized by a continued increase in the size of the fetus, by this time its growth is about 40 centimeters, and its weight is about 1400 grams. The unborn child becomes cramped in the uterus, so he takes a folded position, and his limbs cross. By this time, many babies descend with their heads to the cervix, which is a physiological posture for the implementation of the biomechanism of childbirth.

Attention! The expectant mother should carefully monitor her well-being at the 31st week of pregnancy, with an increase in blood pressure, the appearance of edema, unusual vaginal discharge, harbingers of childbirth, and also with changes in the baby's movement, urgent specialist help is needed.

31 weeks of pregnancy is the time of active maturation of the cerebral cortex of the unborn child. The formation of convolutions occurs, which leads to the development of higher nervous activity and the ability to learn and remember. Due to this phenomenon, an emotional connection is built between the baby and the mother, the child begins to respond to a change in her mood and voice. Also, by 31 weeks, the fetus is able to respond to light, close its eyes, and focus. The child begins to distinguish smells and acquires a sucking and corneal reflex (when touching the eye, the fetus immediately closes it).

At this time improves the digestive system of the fetus. The liver begins to synthesize its own bile, it changes its structure to carry out its important function - blood purification. The pancreas at 31 weeks is capable of producing insulin, the epithelium of the stomach and intestines develops. By this time, the kidneys produce urine, it constantly enters the amniotic fluid. The facial features of the baby acquire more “refined forms”, it becomes like an adult.

By week 31, the child has certain phases of sleep and wakefulness, and the duration of the second period increases, the expectant mother can notice this by the activity of the movements. White adipose tissue develops, due to which the capillaries cease to shine through, and the skin color of the fetus changes from red to pink. The baby's nails grow to the end of the finger. By this time, the child can hiccup, build faces, clench his hand into a fist, swallow amniotic fluid and perform various small movements.

Woman's well-being

By this time, the fetus becomes quite large, which affects the physiology of the female body. The enlarged uterus rises 30 or more centimeters above the pubic joint, the abdomen becomes quite convex, its girth reaches 0.85-0.9 meters. The expectant mother becomes more clumsy, sleep problems appear, she may become short of breath due to difficulty breathing. This phenomenon is due to the fact that the enlarged uterus presses on the diaphragm, which entails a decrease in the chest cavity and a decrease in the amplitude of movement of the lungs during inspiration.

In the middle of the third trimester of pregnancy, the metabolic rate continues to increase. Due to this phenomenon, a woman may increase sweating, she often becomes hot. Many expectant mothers in the third trimester complain of discomfort in the back. arising from the increased load on the spine. Some women experience pain in the pubic bone at 31 weeks gestation, which is caused by the production of the hormone relaxin. Its increased synthesis entails a softening of the pubic articulation to facilitate the passage of the child through the birth canal. These pains will stop bothering the woman after the baby is born.

Another feature of this period of pregnancy is the release of colostrum - a secret from the mammary glands. This substance resembles blood plasma in its composition, it contains a large amount of proteins necessary for the baby in the first days after childbirth. 3-5 days after the birth of a child, the synthesis of colostrum stops, it is replaced by breast milk. The production of this substance is associated with an increase in the hormone prolactin in the blood, but not all women experience its release from the mammary glands before childbirth, which is also the norm.

Enlargement of the uterus and restructuring of the hormonal system can lead to disturbances in the digestive system. The most common of these are constipation, hemorrhoids. To avoid these consequences of pregnancy, expectant mother should carefully monitor her diet, include more fresh vegetables and fruits, bran. Women who have problems with stools are not recommended to eat fatty, spicy and fried foods, marinades and pickles.

At this stage of pregnancy, a woman may appear. They do not have a regular frequency and periodicity, usually do not cause severe discomfort. These contractions prepare a woman for real childbirth, training her body. They represent a short-term increase in the tone of the uterus, manifested by aching pains in the lower abdomen. Training contractions are an optional companion of pregnancy, some mothers may not have them.

Complications and risks

The symptoms described above may cause some inconvenience to the expectant mother, but they are a variant of the norm and do not endanger the life of the child. The reason for seeking medical help are 5 syndromes and diseases:

1. Preeclampsia.

This disease manifests itself as edema, the appearance of protein in the urine and an increase in blood pressure. Preeclampsia in mild form is not dangerous, however, with a strong increase in blood pressure (above 160/100), severe preeclampsia occurs, characterized by complications on the nervous system (headaches, blurred vision, etc.) and other organs (abdominal pain, acute renal failure , heart attacks). Sometimes pre-eclampsia can turn into eclampsia, a condition in which all the muscles of the body contract uncontrollably, and the vital organs are in a state of oxygen starvation, which endangers the life of the mother and child.

2. Vaginal discharge.

Normally, at 31 weeks of gestation, the discharge is transparent or whitish, odorless, of a homogeneous consistency. If they become cheesy and profuse, accompanied by itching and odor, candidiasis should be suspected. they almost always talk about inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, which require immediate medical attention, since they can lead to premature birth. The appearance of blood on toilet paper after a bowel movement may indicate the development of hemorrhoids or anal fissure. Vaginal discharge of red color should be the reason for an immediate visit to the doctor, because they can be a symptom of placental abruption or the onset of labor.

3. The appearance of pain in the lower abdomen.

They can occur for physiological and pathological reasons. The first include training contractions, such pains do not last more than half an hour and are stopped by antispasmodics. If long-term discomfort in the lower abdomen has a pulling or aching character, uterine hypertonicity should be suspected, which leads to the development of preterm labor at 31 weeks. Cutting, sharp pain may be the result of placental abruption, which also leads to an early birth of a child.

4. Outflow of amniotic fluid.

They can leave the uterus at a time and in large numbers, which will not go unnoticed by the expectant mother. However, sometimes amniotic fluid can leak in small volumes for several days, so a pregnant woman needs to carefully monitor her feelings and well-being, since this symptom is one of the harbingers of the onset of labor.

5. Changing the nature of the child's movements.

Normally, the fetus at 31 weeks should make about 10 movements in 12 hours and no more than 4 in 1 hour. An increase or decrease in the number of movements may indicate oxygen starvation of the unborn child, with changes in their nature, you should consult a doctor for a thorough assessment of the condition of the fetus.

Surveys

At this time, a pregnant woman should visit an obstetrician-gynecologist for routine measurements: the height of the uterine fundus and. The specialist also listens to the fetal heartbeat. These manipulations help to monitor the development of pregnancy and detect pathology in time.

To diagnose preeclampsia, the doctor measures the blood pressure of the future mother, its increase may indicate the occurrence of the disease. A general urine test is also a way to monitor a woman's health, the appearance of protein is another symptom of pathology. The doctor monitors the weight of the expectant mother, a sharp increase may be the result of the development of edema, which is a symptom of preeclampsia.

If necessary, additional examinations may be prescribed at this time: CTG, tests for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, a vaginal smear, a test for Rh antibodies (with a negative Rh factor in the mother), a coagulogram. Some women are advised to undergo an unscheduled ultrasound. Its goals are to monitor the development of the fetus, assess the condition and maturity of the placenta, identify polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, view the internal and external os, and measure the length of the cervix.

Bibliography

Obstetrics. National leadership - Ailamazyan E.K., Kulakov V.I. and others - 2009 - 1200

Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child. Photo of the fetus, photo of the abdomen, ultrasound and video about the development of the child Pregnancy 30 31 weeks all

31 weeks of pregnancy - fetal development, photo, how does the baby develop and feel?

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What can be seen on an ultrasound?

Video: Ultrasound 31 weeks pregnant

Fetal heart rate at 31 weeks

What happens in a woman's body?

Breast and belly of a woman at 31 weeks pregnant

Movement during pregnancy

Video: 31 weeks pregnant

What can and can not a woman during pregnancy?

31 weeks pregnant - how to understand that everything is fine?

Popular questions about pregnancy - answers a specialist

Woman's well-being

Discharge or how to recognize childbirth?

Fetus at 31 weeks gestation: movements, development, weight and size

Future mom

Pain at 31 weeks pregnant

Belly at 31 weeks pregnant: pulls, hurts

Discharge at 31 weeks pregnant

ultrasound

How many months is this?

Feelings of a woman

Fetal movements

How to count movements?

The mood of the expectant mother

pain

The nature of the discharge

Changes in the body

uterus growth

Weight gain

Training bouts

Other changes

Fetal development

Appearance

Development of the nervous system

Internal organs

Viability

baby on ultrasound

Dangers and risks

Analyzes and examinations

Fetal development

Woman's well-being

Complications and risks

Surveys

Bibliography