A miscarriage occurs at 10 weeks of gestation. Clots and tissues during miscarriage - what is it and what does it look like? Colds. ARVI, fever, flu. can antibiotics

An abortion is any termination of pregnancy that occurs up to 28 weeks, in 20% of cases, pregnancy ends due to a spontaneous abortion - a miscarriage that occurs regardless of the woman's desire. After 28 weeks, termination of pregnancy is already considered artificial childbirth, and the born fetus is already viable and it is possible, with the help of special medical equipment, to save the baby's life. In any case, an abortion at week 10 or later is not an easy test for any woman.

Induced abortion is the most controversial issue in modern society, someone believes that abortion at any stage of pregnancy is the murder of an unborn child, and someone zealously defends the woman's right to independently decide when to become a mother.

The safest type of abortion is pharmacological or medical, it is carried out by taking special drugs that stimulate spontaneous abortion, can be carried out for a period of 0 to 4 weeks, since a later implementation may not give any results, or the ovum will not come out completely and will be necessary cleaning the uterus.

Vacuum abortion or mini-abortion is performed for a period of 5 to 6 weeks by introducing a vacuum aspirator into the uterine cavity connected to special equipment. During the procedure, a vacuum is created in the uterus, due to which the ovum is detached from the wall.

Surgical abortion for a period of 10 weeks is performed under general anesthesia, and the course of curettage is monitored by ultrasound sensors.

After the 12th week of pregnancy, women do not carry out an abortion at will, the reason for its implementation can only be medical (fetal pathologies that threaten the life of the child or mother) or social indications (too late or early pregnancy, the presence of at least 5 children).

In late pregnancy, abortion is carried out through a complex operation that threatens with serious complications. If an abortion at the 10th week of pregnancy is still performed in a more or less safe way for a woman's health, then at a later date it is carried out through the introduction of a saline solution into the fetal bladder, after which the already dead fetus is removed from the uterus.

In any case, abortion is a painful procedure not only on the physical level, but also on the moral plane.

Abortion at 10 weeks of gestation: complications

As with any other operation, due to abortion, various complications can arise that lead to irreversible consequences for the health of the failed mother. The most serious complication after a surgical abortion for a period of 10 weeks is perforation of the uterine wall, which leads to internal bleeding, trauma to internal organs and peritonitis. Such consequences of an abortion at 10 weeks of gestation can lead to the removal of the uterus.

Abortion at 10 weeks: the consequences

An abortion always leads to a hormonal disruption, since, having tuned in to pregnancy, the woman's body produces specific hormones, which, if a pregnancy is disrupted at a later date, lead to an inevitable disruption in the hormonal system. Having an abortion at 10 weeks will lead to more global consequences than at 4 weeks, since at an earlier date, hormonal changes in the body will have a less detrimental effect on a woman's health.

The provocation of a spontaneous abortion at home using alternative medicine methods can have even more serious consequences, since the bleeding that has begun cannot be stopped on its own. Such extreme experiments often lead to the removal of the internal genital organs of the failed mother, and a lethal outcome is not excluded.

Having decided on an abortion procedure at 10 weeks, a woman should know that a highly qualified specialist must have an abortion within an acceptable time frame and in a specialized medical institution. Also, an abortion at week 10 leads to an imbalance in the blood pressure regulation system, the immune system, renal-hepatic function and circulating blood volume. Often, transferring an abortion at 10 weeks increases a woman's irritability, leads to a deterioration in her sleep and increased fatigue.

The woman's body becomes vulnerable to infectious and inflammatory diseases, and often the inflammation of the uterine appendages accompanying the abortion, ultimately leads to obstruction of the fallopian tubes, which in turn can cause ectopic pregnancy or infertility. Dysfunction of the ovaries, which leads to infertility, is not excluded.

Due to blind scraping of the uterine mucosa, microtrauma, thinning areas, scars and other phenomena often occur, due to which there is a violation of the normal nutrition of the embryo during subsequent pregnancy, which is fraught with miscarriages, fetal malformations or premature birth.

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Pregnancy is great. But sometimes it happens that the body itself decides to get rid of the incipient new life, and then a miscarriage occurs. In most cases, this happens in early pregnancy, in the first 12 weeks.

Statistics say that every fifth woman loses a child without even knowing that she is pregnant. From a gynecological point of view, a miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks, since children born prematurely - after 22 weeks and weighing 500 grams, today's medicine has the ability to save. But, if the weight is below 500 grams, then the possibilities are zero.

As we have already said, in most cases it happens that a woman does not even suspect that she is pregnant and nothing bothers her. Waiting for the onset of menstruation, she simply registers that she has a delay, and after a few days, menstruation begins, but goes more profusely than usual and with pain.

Sometimes, an early miscarriage is characterized by only moderate pain in the lower abdomen and profuse bleeding, then a woman does not even consult a doctor if the bleeding stops soon. If the bleeding is profuse for several days, then going to the doctor cannot be avoided.

In some cases, such periods with a delay are very painful, and one day a blood clot comes out. Then you can definitely say about spontaneous miscarriage at an early date. Usually this clot resembles a bursting bubble of blood. This phenomenon always scares those who encounter it for the first time. After the release of a blood clot, it is imperative to consult a doctor: first, to undergo an examination and determine exactly what it was; secondly, to check if cleaning is necessary.

A miscarriage is a phenomenon that makes both the body and the soul suffer. Many people know that there is such a danger as spontaneous abortion, but not everyone knows about its causes, and how it can be prevented.

If we talk about early miscarriage up to 12 weeks, then basically it is a test and warning for parents. A miscarriage at this stage of development suggests that either the mother's body is not yet ready for the normal development of the baby inside it, or something is wrong with the health of both parents, and it needs to be strengthened so that the baby will develop healthy in the future, and the organism from unhealthy ones and in the future it will get rid of on its own.

Early miscarriage: causes

The reasons for a miscarriage in early pregnancy can be very different - from hormonal disruption to an emotional state. To avoid the consequences, it is important to establish why the spontaneous abortion occurred.

Genetic disorder in the fetus

In the first weeks of pregnancy, special attention is paid to the healthy laying of all organs of the future person, which requires equal 23 chromosomes from mom and dad. And if a mutating element suddenly appears in one of them, then it is recognized as incompetent, and an early miscarriage occurs.

The presence of such elements is affected by ecology, viruses, occupational hazards. It is very difficult to avoid these factors; you can only reduce the risk of their influence on the body by going on vacation: for fresh air and for a long time. By carrying out a miscarriage, in this way, the body produces natural selection, characteristic of all life on earth.

Hormonal Disorders

It is known that hormones are responsible for the good vital functions of a woman's body, therefore, their incorrect balance in the body can lead to an early miscarriage. Also, a lack of the hormone progesterone or an excess of the male hormone causes this phenomenon. If such a problem in a woman is diagnosed in advance, then hormone therapy is prescribed to her before planning a pregnancy, which avoids a miscarriage.

Rhesus conflict

It is not for nothing that when planning a pregnancy, they are obliged to take a blood test to determine the group of both the mother and the father (if the mother has a negative Rh factor). In this case, the father's Rh is important, since its opposite indicator can lead to the development of Rh-conflict, when the embryo inherits a positive Rh from the father, and the mother's body determines its tissues as foreign and rejects them, saving itself, as it seems to it.

If the father also has a negative Rh factor, then this problem does not arise. With the timely diagnosis of such a pathology, the hormone progesterone is used, which plays a protective role for the embryo and eliminates this cause of spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage.

Infections

Infection is bad anyway. If you know that you or your partner have a sexually transmitted infection, then you need to get rid of it before conception. When pregnancy occurs with such a diagnosis, the fetus becomes infected and, again, the body will get rid of the embryo at an early stage.

Diseases of the internal organs

Any temperature rise of up to 38 degrees, caused by a disease of the internal organs, can cause early miscarriage. Usually, such a temperature is accompanied by intoxication of the whole organism, and therefore it is unable to hold the embryo. This is why it is so important to undergo a full examination when planning a pregnancy to detect and treat all chronic diseases and get vaccinated if necessary.

Abortion

As you know, this is an interference with the ordinary life of the female body. If an abortion has ever taken place, then it can lead either to habitual spontaneous miscarriages in the early stages, or to infertility.

Medicines

In the first trimester, the use of any medications is generally not recommended, as this can lead to defects in the development of the fetus. There are also herbs that are contraindicated in early pregnancy: parsley, nettle, cornflower, St. John's wort, tansy. Their use can cause early miscarriage.

Bad mood

Severe stress, grief, prolonged mental stress can negatively affect the birth of a new life and lead to miscarriage in early pregnancy. In this case, with the recommendation of a doctor, it is possible to take some sedatives.

Lifestyle

You need to change your lifestyle when planning a pregnancy. Getting rid of bad habits, balanced and nutritious nutrition are the first conditions for the development of a healthy child, the opposite can lead to early miscarriage.

Physical impact

Unsuccessful falls, heavy lifting can cause early miscarriage. If a woman is healthy, then this effect must be very strong in order to cause an abortion.

Early miscarriage: symptoms

The most common signs of early miscarriage are lower abdominal pain and bleeding. Also, discomfort from the lower abdomen can indulge in the lower back. This pain is intermittent. Vaginal discharge speaks of the threat of early miscarriage. If they are reddish or even brownish, you should see your doctor to avoid miscarriage.

Often the cause of a miscarriage is called the tone of the uterus, but only if it is accompanied by discomfort for the mother and pain. If it is not accompanied by anything, then the recommendations of doctors stop at reducing physical exertion and reducing stressful situations.

In some cases, even after the above symptoms, the pregnancy proceeds normally in the future, only under the more careful supervision of doctors, then they talk about the threat of miscarriage.

The symptoms of a spontaneous miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy are relatively similar. Only they can be accompanied by more severe pain and profuse discharge.

Symptoms of a second trimester miscarriage:

the damage to the bag of amniotic fluid is indicated by the liquid that drips from the vagina, in this case, an appeal to a doctor should be instant;
vaginal bleeding is a sign of miscarriage in any trimester of pregnancy;
blood clots that appear during urination, accompanied by pain;
internal bleeding, which can be indicated by very severe pain in the shoulder or in the stomach area.

How is a threatened miscarriage diagnosed?

If your pregnancy is planned, and you went through all the procedures necessary for the preparation, which the doctor told you about, passed all the tests and treated all the diseases detected, then the possibility of miscarriage is reduced to a minimum. If some contraindications were discovered in advance, then attention is drawn to them already at the conception of the baby. In this case, the diagnosis of the threat of miscarriage takes place at the planning stage, and treatment is prescribed in advance.

If pregnancy occurs spontaneously, without prior treatment and examination, then any gynecologist can diagnose a miscarriage or its threat during a routine examination. Examining a woman who came with a delay problem, the doctor determines the expected gestational age.

checks the conformity of the size of the uterus to the given period;
checks for the presence of uterine tone;
determines if the cervix is closed;
draws attention to the nature of the discharge (bloody or mucous).

The most reliable way to diagnose miscarriage or premature birth at a later date is transvaginal ultrasound, which is performed by an experienced doctor. When using this method, the length of the cervix and the condition of the internal os are checked.

Treating early miscarriage

The most basic and first thing that a doctor advises in case of a threat of miscarriage at any stage of pregnancy is bed rest. In some cases, in order to maintain the pregnancy, the woman is even forbidden to get out of bed.

It is also recommended to reduce the level of anxiety, bad news and thoughts. From the first weeks of existence, the nascent life feels you from the inside, any of your excitement can negatively affect its state. And disturbances in the condition can lead to its rejection by your body. To avoid these nervous tensions, your doctor may prescribe valerian or motherwort.

You yourself can use relaxation therapy: sit comfortably on a sofa or armchair and think about something good. The most suitable in this case may be dreams of a future baby, choosing a name, mentally drawing his portrait. But all this after consulting a doctor.

If the threat of termination of pregnancy is more serious and just good thoughts cannot be dispensed with, then the first thing the doctor does is determine the cause. After determining the cause of the threat of miscarriage in the first weeks of pregnancy, hormonal drugs are prescribed, which are designed to maintain a good course of pregnancy.

You can be prescribed progesterone (it is part of Utrozhestan, Duphaston), drugs for hyperandrogenism (with a large amount of male hormones), as well as drugs when there is a threat of Rh-conflict, can be prescribed.

If the doctor deems it necessary, then an additional intrauterine ultrasound examination can be performed. If, with this diagnostic method, a failure is found, then stitches are applied to the cervix, which stop the ovum inside the uterus. Such an operation is performed in a hospital and under anesthesia, while relaxing drugs are injected into the uterus.

Most cases of a threat of miscarriage in early pregnancy are treated in a hospital, sometimes women have to remain under the supervision of doctors until the very end of pregnancy, that is, before childbirth. In some cases, treatment begins in a hospital, and then goes to home conditions, subject to bed rest. Sometimes, having undergone treatment with a threat of miscarriage at an early stage, a woman does not return to him until the very birth.

Prevention

It is possible to avoid early miscarriage in most cases. If a couple treats their decision in a balanced and responsible manner, then a doctor's examination will be done in time, which will reveal all kinds of deviations and inconsistencies in the organisms of a man and a woman. A preliminary examination will allow you to cure all kinds of infectious and hormonal diseases that can cause miscarriage later.

By the middle of the third month of waiting for the baby, the expectant mother is already quite accustomed to her position and takes all the changes that are happening to her for granted. Outwardly, no special changes were noticed compared to the previous week, but for the baby they are quite significant. What happens to him at the 10th week of pregnancy, and what does mom feel?

Fetus at 10 weeks gestation

The 10th obstetric week is 9 full obstetric weeks or 7 full fetal weeks. Very soon, the gynecologist will begin to call the embryo a fetus, but for the expectant mother this is insignificant: for her, a "baby" lives in the tummy from the first days.

Size and weight

The child has already grown significantly. In length, it can reach 3-4 centimeters and weigh about 4 grams. Now there is an intensive growth and development of the future man, the formation of internal organs, functional systems of the body continues.

What is developing in the tenth week?

The placenta is already being intensively formed, and "on the fly" takes over the reproduction of hormones. The heart of the baby now has 4 chambers, the main blood vessels are practically formed. The brain grows, eyes, arms, legs continue to develop. The development of the intestines and the respiratory system continues. The baby already has an anus, and the kidneys produce urine.

10 obstetric week is important in that this is the moment the formation of the reproductive organs (ovaries or testicles) begins. And now the baby is moving inside the mother, however, she still does not feel it.

What does a baby look like?

The child is becoming more and more like a man. The rudiment-tail has already disappeared from him, the arms and legs are "unstuck" from the body, bend at the joints, fingers are formed on them. On the face, the tip of the nose stands out and there are already the rudiments of the eyelids. It is not yet possible to find out the sex of the child. However, the next screening at 12 weeks is already able to show who the mother is wearing under her heart - a son or a daughter.

Sensations at the 10th week of pregnancy

What's new about 10 obstetric pregnancy week for a woman?

Physiological changes in a woman

The beginning of the third month of pregnancy is not yet noticeable changes in the appearance of the expectant mother for every look. But she herself notices these changes. Veins in the legs and abdomen may become visible due to the increased volume of blood circulating. However, red blood cells are not produced as quickly as plasma, and due to the lack of the former, a woman feels weak and quickly gets tired.

If the toxicosis is not very exhausting, and the appetite does not decrease, then by week 10 a woman can gain up to 2 kilograms in weight. For the time being, the belly is not very noticeable, and a special “pregnant” wardrobe is not required.

How does the uterus react in the tenth week of pregnancy?

At 9 full weeks of obstetric period, the uterus has noticeably increased in size. Now she is 8-10 centimeters high. Now the baby in the uterus is reliably protected from external influences by a cork - a clot of mucus that closes the cervix. The cork will stay in place until delivery.

Already now you can start doing Kegel exercises - this will prepare the uterus for childbirth, make the muscles of the vagina elastic and elastic. However, with hypertonicity of the uterus, such activities are prohibited!

Breast 10 weeks pregnant

Some women notice that their chest pains stopped at 10 weeks of pregnancy. This is due to the fact that the hormonal "boom" slowed down somewhat. The breasts may become noticeably larger and heavier. The nipples and areolas take on a darker shade. Large veins may come out. Now is the time to start preparing for lactation: "harden" the breast, otherwise the sensitivity of the nipples can cause severe pain when the baby starts eating. The chest should be washed with water at room temperature and the nipples should be rubbed with a waffle towel.

Nauseous at 10 weeks gestation

Nausea is still troubling in the morning on an empty stomach. The culprit is hormones that have a relaxing effect on the intestinal muscles. To avoid unpleasant sensations, it is worth eating often and in small portions; it is better to take breakfast in bed. It is recommended to lie down for a while after each meal. Drinking will help from frequent nausea - water or sour fruit drinks, juices, tea with mint saves well. Many women benefit from frequent brushing or mouthwash with breath fresheners. Vomiting more than 5-10 times a day is a possible reason for hospitalization, as it can provoke dehydration.

Discharge at 10 weeks of gestation

Normally, at 10 weeks of gestation, vaginal discharge can change color and consistency - it becomes thinner or thicker than usual. This is due to hormonal effects. However, there should be no blood impurities in them.

An unpleasant odor and cheesy consistency of vaginal discharge can be symptoms of vaginosis or thrush. This is a reason for a premature visit to the doctor! Fortunately, there are enough safe drugs for these ailments today, and the doctor will select the optimal course of treatment.

Sometimes it can be intimidating to quickly get wet laundry or panty liners. The reason is urine leakage. The pressure on the bladder increases due to the growing uterus, and the muscles of the bladder itself weaken. Sneezing or laughing aggravates muscle hypotonia, and urine may leak slightly.

Features of IVF pregnancy

IVF is an assisted reproductive technology that has helped many couples with infertility. The main difference between IVF and normal pregnancy is that conception occurs outside the female body, and the embryo is transferred into the uterus at the age of 2 to 5 days. But according to statistics, only a third of women carry IVF babies before delivery.

7 full embryonic weeks of IVF pregnancy are characterized by the same intensity of development of the embryonic organs as in natural pregnancy, but with hormonal support with progesterone-containing drugs. If there are no complications, a woman can register with an antenatal clinic, although many expectant mothers prefer observation by their reproductive specialists.

Features of multiple pregnancy

Multiple pregnancies - pregnancy with twins or more - are diagnosed at the first ultrasound scan, but if it has not yet been performed, the doctor can detect it during a manual examination of the patient - the uterus, as a rule, is larger in size than it should be for a period of 9-10 weeks. The hCG test will also help to confirm the fact of multiple pregnancies - the hormone in the blood will be significantly higher than normal.

Pregnancy with more than one child is considered a high-risk pregnancy and requires special monitoring. The mother should be prepared that she will have to attend the consultation more often. In the first trimester, such a pregnancy does not carry many more complications than a singleton pregnancy.

Problems in the tenth week of pregnancy

Toxicosis

Symptoms of toxicosis may still not leave the pregnant woman. However, by this time, most women had already adapted to the peculiarities of their well-being and learned how to correct them.

Weakness and dizziness are due to a drop in blood pressure (hypotension). If the pressure is low all the time, the baby does not receive enough oxygen. Against the background of hypotension, migraine may develop. There are only a limited number of medications that can be treated for headaches, and these should be recommended by a doctor. The best remedy for migraines is sleep, at least for a short time.

Toxicosis usually goes away after 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Diarrhea and constipation

Constipation often plagues pregnant women. They pose a danger, and a very significant one. So, for example, against the background of constipation, it is possible to develop hemorrhoids, painful cracks in the rectum, and even the threat of miscarriage.

For constipation, the main and safe remedy is an adequate intake of fluids and food rich in dietary fiber. A laxative can only be recommended by a doctor, since it is difficult to independently choose a drug without contraindications. In no case should you resort to enemas - they cause contraction of the uterus! Sometimes you can use glycerin candles - this remedy is safe.

But there is also the opposite problem - diarrhea.

If diarrhea is a manifestation of an eating disorder, it is quite easy to eliminate it, "fixing" products will help:

crackers;
millet, rice porridge;
baked apples;
lean meat broth soups;
low-fat cottage cheese.

From folk remedies, a decoction or jelly blueberry and bird cherry, a compote of their dry pears, an infusion of pomegranate peel help well. At the same time, it is important to control the water-salt balance: you need to drink a rehydration solution prepared from a liter of water, 6 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt. It is possible to take prebiotics. If diarrhea is caused by infectious diseases, you must go to the hospital.

Heartburn

Many pregnant women suffer from heartburn, and not only at the 10th week of pregnancy. Heartburn occurs due to the effect of gastric juice on the lining of the esophagus, resulting in a burning sensation behind the breastbone - a rather unpleasant sensation.

Heartburn can be due to the effects of hormones during pregnancy, and it is also caused by certain foods (acidic foods, pickles, fried, brown bread, and others). It is necessary to adjust nutrition, a gynecologist can give practical advice, but you may need to consult a gastroenterologist, since sometimes heartburn is a symptom of very serious gastrointestinal diseases.

Stomach hurts and pulls

Abdominal pain during pregnancy in the first trimester is different. Small stretching at the bottom with recoil on the sides can be caused by the stretching of the uterus. Such pains are of a fickle nature, without bleeding and a general deterioration in the condition of the expectant mother. Sometimes an eating disorder can be the cause.

But the stomach at the 10th week of pregnancy sometimes hurts for more serious reasons, for example, when:

hypertonicity of the uterus;
threatened miscarriage;
ectopic pregnancy;
trauma to the abdomen.

If the pain is persistent, accompanied by bleeding, fever, fainting - this is a reason for immediate medical attention!

Bleeding at 10 weeks gestation

Why does it bleed at 9 obstetric weeks? It is no longer possible to confuse bleeding with menstruation, the embryo has long been entrenched in the uterus, therefore, implantation bleeding is already in the past. What are the possible reasons?

Sometimes it can slightly “smear” after a gynecological examination in a chair or an ultrasound scan with a vaginal sensor. Such discharge is caused by minor damage to the inner layer of the vaginal epidermis. In addition, it can bleed if a woman has not healed the previously formed erosion before pregnancy. The presence of polyps or cysts in the vagina is another possible cause of bleeding. As a rule, this does not pose a threat of termination of pregnancy. But the reasons can be more serious. For example:

cystic drift is the degeneration of chorionic cells into vesicles, in which the embryo dissolves, however, pregnancy symptoms persist, but abdominal pain, increased pressure and bleeding are symptoms when an ultrasound scan is required;
frozen pregnancy;
ectopic pregnancy;
threatening abortion.

Any suspicious vaginal discharge is a reason for immediate medical attention!

Ectopic pregnancy

A fairly common pathology is an ectopic pregnancy, in which the embryo does not attach to the wall of the uterus, but in the fallopian tube, less often in the ovary, in the abdominal cavity or in the cervical canal of the uterus. At seven embryonic weeks, the embryo is already quite large, it grows, and the fallopian tube expands, which can cause severe pain and fainting in a woman. If measures are not taken in time, it can result in pipe rupture. In this case, a woman has no chances of having a child; the extraction of an embryo is a prerequisite for preserving her life and further reproductive capacity.

Threat of miscarriage at 10 weeks of gestation

The middle of the third obstetric month of pregnancy is still a rather disturbing period of gestation. The threat of miscarriage mainly arises from a lack of progesterone or from an increased tone of the uterus. An experienced gynecologist will definitely notice if there is a threat, but the woman herself should not be silent about suspicious symptoms.

Another reason for the threat of miscarriage at the beginning of the fourth obstetric month is ICI - isthmic-cervical insufficiency. With this diagnosis, the cervix becomes shorter and opens slightly, and the lower region of the ovum lends itself to infection, the elasticity of the membranes is lost, which can lead to fetal death. At the same time, a woman is able to not experience pain at all. The doctor should detect the problem during examination, and ultrasound allows to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. Timely diagnosis of ICI increases the chance of delivering the baby and giving birth to him without pathologies. Treatment consists of conservative or surgical methods. Surgical treatment is carried out either by suturing or by placing a special ring on the cervix.

The mother's age is an important indicator for the normal course of pregnancy. The older the woman, the higher the risk of miscarriage. However, the obstetric 10th week of pregnancy (from conception - the eighth) is a kind of milestone, when it is left behind, the risk of natural termination of pregnancy is sharply reduced.

Frozen pregnancy at 10 weeks

When a pregnancy is desired, its termination is a real psychological blow for a woman. One of the indications for medical termination is a frozen pregnancy. With this diagnosis, the initially normally developing gestation stops for any reason, the fetus stops growing and dies. However, a spontaneous miscarriage may not happen. Sometimes a woman carries a dead fetus inside for quite a long time, unaware of it, because the symptoms of a progressive pregnancy can persist.

However, the diagnosis can be confirmed by:

blood test for hCG - the indicator of the concentration of the hormone will be low for the expected duration of pregnancy and its growth will stop;
Ultrasound, which will show the lack of dynamics of the development of the embryo.

The most likely causes of pregnancy fading are genetic mutations or infections. The likelihood of a successful pregnancy in a subsequent pregnancy increases after a thorough examination of both partners and, if necessary, appropriate treatment.

Termination of pregnancy at 10 weeks

The risk of termination of pregnancy haunts women from the 5th obstetric week, and it still exists at 9 full fetal weeks. According to statistics, up to 25% of planned pregnancies end with natural termination. Sometimes the reasons lie in the wrong lifestyle of a woman who abuses alcohol, nicotine or drugs. A miscarriage can occur due to physical overload, stress, due to an infectious disease suffered by a pregnant woman.

But most often a spontaneous abortion occurs due to:

gross malformations of the embryo;
anomalies in the development of a woman's uterus;
dysfunction of the endocrine system of the mother;
lack of progesterone.

An abortion can be prescribed by a gynecologist if there are good indications for that. Some women are able to make the decision to terminate a pregnancy on their own, resorting to medical or surgical abortion, and for a period of 9 full weeks they are fully entitled to this. There are still debates about the ethical and religious side of this issue, but it is illegal to condemn a failed mother for this step.

Colds. SARS, fever, flu. Can antibiotics be used?

Antibiotics are, of course, irreplaceable drugs, but they have many contraindications. Pregnancy is one of them for most drugs. And especially this taboo applies to the first trimester, but since it is not known for certain when the formation of fetal organs is completed, antibiotics are not recommended until the end of the fifth month of pregnancy. But what if the disease attacked - to no avail to drink decoctions recommended by traditional medicine, and then deal with complications, or take the risk and take a pill?

The table below shows the most famous antibiotic therapy that has indications and absolute contraindications for admission during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Indications for use at the 10th obstetric week of pregnancy	Name of the drug (active ingredient)	Possible complications
Safe according to indications	Penicillin	not identified
	Ampicillin
	Cephalosporin
Prescribed for obvious indications	Erythromycin	not known
	Azithromycin
	Vancomycin
	Fusidic acid
Not recommended	Rifampicin	impaired liver function of the mother and fetus
	Tetracycline	violation of the fetal skeletal system
	Sulfamylanide (for Streptocid tablets)	possible violation of embryonic development, mutations (studies were carried out on animals)

In fact, the 10th obstetric week of pregnancy is not a reason to jeopardize a woman's health by refusing effective drugs. There are antibiotics allowed for this period. But there is one condition: their reception is possible only according to indications!

Food poisoning - what to do?

Despite the fact that during pregnancy a woman must carefully monitor her diet, no one is immune from food poisoning. But if under normal circumstances you can use a whole list of drugs for poisoning, what should the expectant mother do?

You should definitely seek medical help, because vomiting and diarrhea that have opened due to poisoning can cause dehydration, and intoxication is dangerous for a child. Before the ambulance arrives, it is necessary to rinse the stomach, take sorbents and ensure bed rest.

Toxoplasmosis at 10 weeks gestation

With intrauterine infection at 10 weeks, there is a risk of developing pathologies that are incompatible with life. The chance that the fetus will become infected is approximately 30% of all maternal cases.

Analyzes and examinations

Ultrasound at 10 weeks of gestation

An ultrasound scan at 10 weeks of obstetric time can be prescribed for:

pathology of pregnancy;
threatened miscarriage;
multiple or IVF pregnancy.

However, unscheduled ultrasound, according to some experts, may carry a potential risk to the fetus, therefore, without special instructions, one should not engage in diagnostics once again.

HCG at 10 weeks gestation

Perhaps, right now, hCG has reached its peak, and from this week its level will gradually decline. The maximum concentration of the hormone in the blood at week 10 is 290,000 mIU / ml.

If the hormone is still growing, this may indicate:

multiple pregnancies;
Down syndrome in a child;
overstated pregnancy.

The situation is clarified by ultrasound and additional laboratory blood tests.

Progesterone rate

Progesterone is an essential hormone that helps support the development of your baby. Lack of progesterone leads to pathologies of pregnancy, and, as a rule, causes a threat of miscarriage or spontaneous abortion.

By the 10th week of obstetric term, the progesterone content is normally 23-28 ng / ml.

The lack of progesterone is compensated by the additional intake of hormonal drugs: Utrozhestan (orally and / or intravaginally) or Duphaston and their analogues.

Endometrium at 10 weeks of gestation

If, for successful implantation, the embryo needs the endometrium to be at least 7 millimeters thick, but as the embryo grows, the endometrium must also thicken. In the first trimester, its thickness is normal - 15-20 millimeters.

However, the endometrium thickens not only with a normal pregnancy - with some pathologies, for example, with an ectopic pregnancy, the endometrium still continues to grow.

The tenth week of pregnancy can bring a mother both satisfaction from her appearance and upset.

Mom's beauty and health: skin care, hair, nails

Now, under the influence of hormones, the skin of a pregnant woman becomes smooth and elastic. However, acne breakouts are not uncommon. Acne often accompanies the mother until the very birth. According to popular belief, the deterioration in appearance is due to the fact that a girl develops in the mother's belly, "stealing" her beauty. However, from a medical point of view, the cause of acne is exactly the opposite: when carrying a boy due to an excess of male hormones, the body reacts with skin rashes.

The mother's skin now needs special care: to prevent stretch marks that especially attack the breasts, thighs and abdomen, it is worth using special creams or ordinary cosmetic oils. It is not recommended to visit the solarium!

Hair now pleases mom more than ever - it has become softer and more obedient, has stopped falling out and chopped at the ends. Many are afraid to visit a hairdresser, however, the harm from hair coloring to the fetus has not been proven.

If in doubt, you can replace the usual dyes with natural ones, basma or henna, or even postpone the dyeing. But the perm should be abandoned!

Manicure at the 10th week of pregnancy is not contraindicated, but it is better not to do nail extension. It is worth visiting only trusted, trustworthy masters - there are often cases of infection with a fungus and even HIV precisely through manicure tools.

Sex at 10 weeks pregnant

Although a woman may be more attracted to a man, sex is dangerous at 10 weeks of gestation if:

there is a threat of miscarriage (especially with IVF or multiple pregnancy);
the uterus is in good shape;
there is a doctor's prescription.

If all is well with the health of the expectant mother, then intimacy will benefit her - positive emotions are now very important.

Sometimes couples experience some embarrassment at the realization that someone else is present during their lovemaking. However, in fact, the child practically does not feel any hesitation - it is protected by the amniotic fluid and the wall of the uterus. And during an orgasm that a woman experiences, due to the flow of blood to the pelvic organs, the baby receives more oxygen.

Sports at 10 weeks of gestation

Sports, with the exception of swimming, are a risk factor for termination of pregnancy at 10 weeks. Strength exercises and sports such as wrestling (karate, boxing, and so on), running, and jumping pose a particular threat.

Relaxation exercises and breathing techniques have a positive effect on pregnancy. You can use static muscle stretching exercises (especially the dorsal).

Travel: removals and flights

Due to the woman's still unstable condition and the high risk of miscarriage, it is better to postpone long and tiring trips until at least 18 weeks of pregnancy. If the expectant mother suffers from toxicosis and hypotension, flights can adversely affect the course of pregnancy.

The best options for recreation at this time are sanatorium or resort ones without a noticeable change in climate and time zones.

Diet in the tenth week of pregnancy

Due to the manifestation of toxicosis, the expectant mother sometimes does not want to eat at all, but it is still necessary to take food. And the opposite problem may arise - an excessively high appetite. Overeating is not worth it! It is best to take food often (every 3-4 hours) in portions of about 150-250 grams.

What you can't eat

So that there are no problems with digestion and the baby does not get "harmful", and the mother feels good, it is worth excluding or limiting from the diet:

coffee;
milk chocolate;
smoked meats;
pickles and pickles;
blue cheeses, smoked and very salty;
soda;
whole milk;
meat and fish products of insufficient heat treatment: sushi, lightly salted fish, steak with blood, and so on;
citruses.

Do not eat foods with carcinogens, artificial colors and flavors, or high in preservatives.

What you can eat

A balanced diet is the key to the well-being of both mother and child. How should mom eat?

The basis of the food pyramid of a pregnant woman at 10 weeks should be cereals and cereals (cereals, bread, pasta). Vegetables and fruits, vegetable proteins (nuts, seeds) are the next "floor" of the pyramid: there should be enough of them in the mother's daily menu. A slightly smaller part should be seafood, fish, meat and poultry. This is followed by dairy products, preferably fermented milk and cottage cheese. In general, the daily food requirement of a pregnant woman can be traced from the table.

Supplements, vitamins

The end of the ninth, the beginning of the tenth week of pregnancy is a period of special need for both the mother's body and the fetus for vitamins and microelements. Even the most balanced diet is not able to cover the need for them. So, for example, iodine, which is important for the endocrine system of mothers and children, is not enough for all pregnant women, unless, of course, they live on the sea coast. And folic acid is practically not absorbed from food, and in fact it is necessary for the formation of the nervous system of the fetus. Calcium also comes from food in an insignificant amount, and the skeletal system of the mother and the baby suffers from its lack. Vitamin C is also necessary, which is important in the hematopoietic system and the immune system, and it is destroyed during the heat treatment of fruits and vegetables. How to be?

Vitamin and mineral complexes for pregnant women will help. It is rather difficult to choose them because of the variety of manufacturers and prices. However, the doctor will advise the best option, taking into account the needs and requirements of each patient in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Is alcohol allowed?

Do you think that a little beer or a sip of wine at the very beginning of pregnancy is safe? This is wrong!

Alcoholic embryophetopathy affects up to 50% of newborns born to mothers who abuse alcohol.

"For a child, the very conception in a state of alcoholic intoxication is already dangerous," warns the author of a textbook on neonatology, Professor L. P. Shabalov. "These children have lower intelligence, neuroses, visual and hearing impairments, and high aggressiveness are more common."

Children, whose mothers consumed alcohol in the first weeks after conception, already in utero suffer from a deficiency of folic acid and vitamin E, zinc and oxygen. As a result, they inhibit the synthesis of proteins and DNA, slow down the development of the brain, and develop pathologies of the cardiovascular system and internal organs. In addition, such children are more prone to deformities: they can be born with an asymmetry of the face, a cleft palate or cleft lip, with underdeveloped fingers (spliced) or with muscle hypotonia. The risk of cerebral palsy and oligophrenia increases. At the same time, the mother is not always to blame - it is often enough that the father was drunk at the time of conception.

The tenth obstetric week of pregnancy is a relatively calm stage in a woman's life. Now there is still no particular fatigue from work, the body has not undergone significant changes that require a change of wardrobe, toxicosis is slowly receding. You should beware of physical overload, revise your diet and enjoy every day that brings new sensations and joy from the realization of the upcoming motherhood.

Miscarriage classification

Spontaneous miscarriages can be classified in many ways.

Of practical interest are classifications based on differences in gestational age, the degree of miscarriage (pathogenetic sign) and clinical course.

Spontaneous - miscarriages are distinguished:

By gestational age: a) early - in the first 12-16 weeks of pregnancy, b) late - in 16-28 weeks of pregnancy.
According to the degree of development: a) threatening, b) beginning, c) in progress, d) incomplete, e) complete, f) failed. If spontaneous miscarriages are repeated during subsequent pregnancies one after another, they speak of a habitual miscarriage.
According to the clinical course: a) uninfected (non-febrile), b) infected (febrile).

At the heart of pathogenesis spontaneous miscarriage may be the primary death of the ovum during toxicosis of pregnancy, acute and chronic infections, cystic drift, etc. In such cases, reactive changes in the body of a pregnant woman usually occur, entailing contractions of the uterus with the subsequent expulsion of the dead ovum. In other cases, reflex uterine contractions occur primarily and precede the death of the ovum (secondary death of the ovum), which occurs from a disruption in the connection of the ovum with the maternal body due to detachment of the placenta from its bed. Finally, both of these factors, i.e., uterine contractions and egg death, can be observed simultaneously.

Until 4 weeks of gestation, the ovum is still so small that it occupies an insignificant place in the total mass of the falling off shell. By contractions of the uterus from its cavity, the falling membrane can be completely or partially removed. If the part of the membrane in which the egg is implanted is removed from the uterine cavity, a spontaneous miscarriage occurs, which the pregnant woman either does not notice at all, or takes it for heavy menstrual bleeding. When a part of the falling membrane that does not contain the ovum is removed, the egg can continue its development after the cessation of contractions. In such cases, a small amount of bleeding from the pregnant uterus can even be mistaken for menstruation, especially since a small amount of discharge, similar to menstruation, sometimes occurs in the first month of pregnancy. Further observation of the pregnant woman reveals the true picture.

If the contractions of the uterus precede the death of the ovum and cause it to detach from the bed in the decidua basalis area, where a rich vascular system is developed, there is a short but heavy bleeding, quickly exsanguinating the patient, especially if half or rion has exfoliated.

The closer the implanted egg is to the inner os of the uterus, the more bleeding. This is explained by the lesser contractility of the isthmus of the uterus in comparison with its body.
Sometimes the ovum of early pregnancy exfoliates completely and, having overcome the obstacle from the internal uterine pharynx, descends into the cervical canal. If at the same time the external pharynx turns out to be impassable for the egg, it seems to get stuck in the canal of the cervix and stretches its walls, and the cervix takes a barrel-shaped appearance. This form of miscarriage is called a cervical abortion (abortus cervicalis).

A miscarriage in late pregnancy (after 16 weeks) proceeds in the same way as premature birth: first, the uterine pharynx opens with a wedging of the fetal bladder into it, then the fetal bladder is opened, the birth of the fetus and, finally, detachment and the birth of the placenta. In multiparous women, the membranes often remain intact, and after the opening of the uterine pharynx, the entire ovum is born entirely at the same time.

Types of miscarriage

Depending on what was found during the examination, your doctor may name the type of miscarriage you have:

Risk of miscarriage. If you are bleeding, but the cervix has not begun to open, then this is only a threat of miscarriage. After rest, these pregnancies often continue without further problems.
Inevitable miscarriage (abortion in progress). If you are bleeding, the uterus contracts and the cervix is dilated, a miscarriage is inevitable.
Incomplete miscarriage. If some of the tissues of the fetus or placenta have come out, and some remain in the uterus, this is an incomplete miscarriage.
Failed miscarriage. The tissues of the placenta and embryo remain in the uterus, but the fetus has died or did not form at all.
Complete miscarriage. If all the tissues associated with pregnancy come out, this is a complete miscarriage. This is common for miscarriages occurring earlier than 12 weeks.
Septic miscarriage. If you develop a uterine infection, it is a septic miscarriage. Urgent treatment may be required.

Causes of miscarriage

Most miscarriages occur because the fetus does not develop normally. Abnormalities in the genes and chromosomes of the child are usually the result of accidental errors during the division and growth of the embryo - not inherited from the parents.

Some examples of anomalies:

Dead egg (anembryonia). This is a fairly common occurrence and is responsible for nearly half of miscarriages in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Occurs when only the placenta and membranes develop from the fertilized egg, but no embryo.
Intrauterine fetal death (frozen pregnancy). In this situation, the embryo is there, but it dies before any symptoms of miscarriage appear. This also happens due to genetic abnormalities in the fetus.
Bubble drift. Bladder moles, also called trophoblastic pregnancy disease, are uncommon. This is an abnormality of the placenta associated with abnormalities at the time of fertilization. In this case, the placenta develops into a rapidly growing cystic mass in the uterus, which may or may not contain an embryo. If the embryo is still there, it will not reach maturity.

In some cases, a woman's health condition can play a role. Untreated diabetes, thyroid disease, infections, hormonal imbalances can sometimes lead to miscarriage. Other factors that increase the risk of miscarriage are as follows:

Age. Women over 35 have a higher risk of miscarriage than younger women. At 35, the risk is about 20%. At 40, about 40%. At 45 - about 80%. The age of the father may also play a role.

There are all sorts of reasons for miscarriages:

Chromosomal abnormalities. During fertilization, the sperm and the egg are brought into the future zygote by 23 chromosomes and a set of 23 carefully selected pairs of chromosomes is created. This is a complex process, and the slightest disruption can lead to a genetic abnormality that stops the growth of the embryo. Research has shown that most miscarriages are genetically based. The older the woman, the more likely such anomalies are.

Hormonal imbalance... About 15% of miscarriages are mediated by hormonal imbalances. For example, insufficient progesterone levels can prevent the embryo from implanting into the uterine wall. Your doctor can diagnose the imbalance with an endometrial biopsy, this procedure is usually done at the end of the menstrual cycle to assess ovulation and development of the lining of the uterus. As a treatment, hormonal drugs are used that stimulate the development of the embryo.

Diseases of the uterus... Fibroids in the uterus can cause miscarriage; such tumors tend to grow on the outer wall of the uterus and are not dangerous. If they are located inside the uterus, they can interfere with the implantation of the embryo or blood flow to the fetus. Some women are born with a uterine septum, a rare defect that can lead to miscarriage. The septum is a tissue wall that divides the uterus in two. Another reason may be scarring on the surface of the uterus, as a result of surgery or abortion. This extra tissue can interfere with the implantation of the embryo, as well as obstruct blood flow to the placenta. A doctor can detect these scars with X-rays, and most of them are treated.

Chronic diseases... Autoimmune diseases, heart disease, kidney disease or liver disease, diabetes are examples of disorders that lead to approximately 6% of miscarriages. If you have a chronic medical condition, find an obstetrician / gynecologist who specializes in managing pregnancy for these women.

Heat... No matter how healthy a woman is normally, if you have a high fever (above 39 ° C) in the early stages, this pregnancy can end in miscarriage. Fever is especially dangerous for an embryo up to 6 weeks of age.

Miscarriage in the 1st trimester

During this period, miscarriages are very common, in about 15-20% of cases. In most cases, they are caused by an abnormality of fertilization, which causes a deviation in the chromosomes of the fetus, making it unviable. This is a natural selection mechanism that does not imply anomalies on either the mother's side or the father's.

Physical activity has nothing to do with it. Therefore, you should not blame yourself for the fact that, for example, you did not get enough rest, nor should you feel responsible for it. A miscarriage that occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy does not require further special examination, except in cases of two or three consecutive spontaneous abortions.

Miscarriage in the 2nd trimester

From 13 to 24 weeks of amenorrhea, miscarriages occur much less often - about 0.5%) and, as a rule, are triggered by an infection or abnormal opening (gaping) of the cervix. For prevention purposes, cerclage can be done, and in case of infection, antibiotics can be drunk.

What does not cause a miscarriage

Such daily activities do not provoke a miscarriage:

Physical exercise.
Lifting loads or physical exertion.
Having sex.
Substance-free work: Some studies show that the risk of miscarriage increases if the partner is over 35, and the older the father, the greater.
More than two previous miscarriages. The risk of miscarriage is higher if the woman has already had two or more miscarriages. After one miscarriage, the risk is the same as if you haven't had a miscarriage yet.
Smoking, alcohol, drugs. Women who smoke and drink alcohol during pregnancy have a greater risk of miscarriage than nonsmokers and non-alcohol users. Drugs also increase the risk of miscarriage.
Invasive antenatal examinations. Certain prenatal genetic tests, such as chorionic villi or amniotic fluid, may increase the risk of miscarriage.

Symptoms and signs of a spontaneous miscarriage

Often the first signs of a miscarriage are metrorrhagia (vaginal bleeding that occurs outside of menstruation) or palpable contractions of the pelvic muscles. However, bleeding is not always a symptom of a miscarriage: it is often about a disorder in the 1st trimester (it affects one woman in four); in most cases, the pregnancy continues unhindered.

Threatened miscarriage (abortus imminens) begins either with the destruction of the falling membrane, followed by cramping contractions of the uterus, or with the onset of contractions, followed by bloody discharge from the uterus - a sign of incipient detachment of the ovum from its bed. The initial symptom of a threatening miscarriage is, in the first of these options, a slight bleeding, in the second - cramping contractions of the uterus. If the process that has begun does not stop, it goes on to the next stage - to the state of incipient miscarriage.

Thus, the diagnosis of threatened miscarriage is made if there is a sign in pregnancy based on one of the mentioned symptoms - minor cramping pains in the lower abdomen and sacrum and minor bleeding from the uterus (or both symptoms together), provided that there is no shortening of the cervix uterus and dilatation of the uterine pharynx. In a two-handed study performed during contractions, the uterus is indurated, and the seal is retained for some time after the subject has ceased to feel pain from the contractions.

Incipient miscarriage (abortus incipiens) .. At this stage of miscarriage, cramping pains in the abdomen and sacrum and blood discharge from the uterus are simultaneously observed; both of these symptoms are more pronounced than in the stage of threatened miscarriage. As with a threatened miscarriage, the cervix is preserved, the external pharynx is closed. Compaction of the uterus during labor is more pronounced than with a threatened miscarriage. If the connection with the uterus is broken only on a small surface of the ovum, for example, less than one third, its development can continue and the pregnancy is sometimes carried to the end.

With the progression of the process, the contractions intensify and become painful, as in childbirth; bleeding also increases. The cervix is shortened, the pharynx gradually opens, up to the size necessary for the passage of the ovum. With a vaginal examination, due to the opening of the cervical canal, an examining finger can be introduced into it, which gropes here for parts of the exfoliated ovum. This stage in the development of miscarriage is called abortus progrediens. The fertilized egg in such cases is born in part or in whole.

When expelled from the uterine cavity, only a part of the ovum speaks of incomplete miscarriage (abortus incom-pletus). In such cases, the main symptoms are: profuse bleeding with large clots, which can lead to acute and severe exsanguination of the patient, and painful contractions. With a two-handed gynecological examination, blood clots are found, often filling the entire vagina, a shortened and softened cervix, patency of the cervical canal along its entire length for one or two fingers; the presence of parts of a detached ovum in the vagina, in the cervical canal and in the lower part of the uterine cavity, if it was not expelled from the uterus before the study, an increase in the body of the uterus, some softening of it (uneven), roundness and soreness, a short contraction of the uterus under the influence of the study and dr.

Complete miscarriage (abortus completus) is said in case of expulsion of the entire fetal egg from the uterus. A vaginal examination reveals that the uterus has decreased in volume, is dense, although the cervical canal is open, the bleeding has stopped, only scant spotting is observed; after 1-2 days the cervix is restored and the cervical canal is closed. However, although the ovum is expelled from the uterus as if entirely, in the cavity of the latter, fragments of a falling membrane and villi, which have not lost contact with the uterus, are usually still left. repeated two-handed gynecological examination. In all other cases, it is more correct to clinically consider each miscarriage as incomplete.

Failed miscarriage is recognized after clinical observation on the basis of the cessation of the growth of the uterus, which had previously increased in accordance with the gestational age, and then its decrease, the appearance of milk in the mammary glands instead of colostrum, a negative Ashheim-Tsondek reaction (appears no earlier than 1-2 weeks after death of the ovum), minor bloody discharge from the uterus, and sometimes their absence.

One or another stage of miscarriage development (which is of great practical importance) is established on the basis of the mentioned signs of each of them.

The following pathological processes can be complications of a miscarriage.

Acute anemia, which often requires immediate intervention. If a woman who has a miscarriage is healthy in all other respects, especially if the body's compensatory ability is full, then with timely and appropriate measures to combat acute anemia, death from the latter is very rare.
Infection. With miscarriage, a number of conditions are created that favor the development of the septic process. These include: an open uterine pharynx, which makes it possible for microorganisms to enter the uterine cavity from the cervical canal and vagina; blood clots and the remains of the ovum located in the uterine cavity, which serve as a good breeding ground for microorganisms; the naked placental platform, which is an entrance gate that is easily permeable to microorganisms; the exsanguinated state of the patient, which reduces the body's resistance to infection. In each case, it is necessary to establish whether there is an infected (febrile) or uninfected (non-febrile) miscarriage. An infected miscarriage will be indicated by the presence of at least one of the following signs: high fever, palpation or percussion soreness of the abdomen, soreness of the uterus, not associated with its contractions, as well as soreness of its appendages and vaults, admixture of pus to the blood flowing from the uterus, general intoxication organism (frequent pulse, depressed or agitated state of the patient, etc.), if they are not caused by other reasons, etc.
Placental polyp. The formation of such a polyp is usually observed in cases where a small part of the placental tissue is retained in the uterine cavity. The blood oozing from the uterine vessels due to insufficient contraction of the uterus gradually permeates the remaining placental tissue, then layers on it, organizes and takes the form of a polyp. The lower pole of the polyp can reach the internal pharynx, which does not completely contract due to the presence of a placental polyp in the uterus (a kind of foreign body). This process is accompanied by a slight bleeding from the uterus, which can last up to several weeks or even months, periodically increasing. The entire uterus contracts poorly. When the polyp reaches a size that irritates the uterus, contractions begin and the bleeding increases.
Malignant degeneration of the epithelium of the chorionic villi retained in the uterus - chorionepithelioma.

Spontaneous miscarriage treatment

The main question that should be resolved at the first examination of a pregnant woman with signs of miscarriage is the possibility of maintaining the pregnancy. With proper care and treatment of a patient with a threatened miscarriage, and somewhat less often with an onset miscarriage, pregnancy can be saved; with the developed picture of miscarriage, pregnancy cannot be saved. Hence follows the doctor's tactics when treating a patient with a spontaneous miscarriage.

Having established the presence of a threatening and incipient miscarriage, the pregnant woman is immediately placed in the maternity hospital, where a medical and protective regime should be organized. The necessary elements of it are bed keeping, physical and mental rest, strengthening faith in the preservation of pregnancy (psychotherapy, hypnosis), normal or, if necessary, prolonged sleep, etc.

Drug treatment is carried out taking into account the identified etiological factors that caused the miscarriage. But since in most cases it is difficult to establish, the drug measures are aimed at increasing the viability of the ovum and eliminating the increased excitability of the uterus. Prescribe sodium bromide (1-2% solution inside, 1 tablespoon 3 times a day), glucose (20 ml of 40% solution intravenously once a day), it is useful for the patient to stay in the open air (in winter, frequent inhalation of oxygen); for infectious etiology, penicillin injections are used (50,000 units every 3 hours) and other drugs; in the presence of contractions - opium preparations (opium tincture 5-10 drops 2-3 times a day orally or 0.015 g opium extract in candles - 2-3 candles a day); effective injections of progesterone (5-10 mg daily for 10 days). After that, take a break and, if necessary, repeat the course after 5-10 days. Continuous injections of large doses of progesterone for a long time sometimes have an adverse effect on the course of pregnancy, in particular on the viability of the fetus.

Vitamins A, B 2, C, D, E are also useful. They are prescribed in pure form or products containing these vitamins are recommended: fish oil, brewer's yeast, etc.

The appointment of ergot, ergotine, quinine, pituitrin and other similar hemostatic agents is strictly contraindicated and is a gross medical error, since they increase the contraction of the uterus, and at the same time contribute to further detachment of the ovum.

If these measures do not give the desired effect, bleeding and contractions intensify and the miscarriage proceeds to the next stage - abortion is in progress, it is not possible to maintain the pregnancy. In such cases, in the first 3 months of pregnancy, if there are no contraindications (infected miscarriage), they resort to instrumental emptying of the uterine cavity - removal of the ovum or its remnants from the uterus cavity, followed by curettage.

After 3 months of pregnancy, the patient is prescribed conservative treatment: cold to the lower abdomen, quinine (0.15 g inside every 30-40 minutes, only 4-6 times) and alternating with it, pituitrin injections of 0.25 ml every 30-45 minutes, 4-6 times in total. After the birth of the fetus, the afterbirth, if it is not born on its own, is removed with a finger inserted into the uterine cavity, and its remnants - with the help of curettes.

In the postoperative period, bed maintenance is prescribed, application of cold to the suprapubic area, uterine-reducing agents: liquid ergot extract - 25 drops 2 times a day, ergotine 1 ml intramuscularly 2 times a day, etc. and the patient's health can be discharged 3-5 days after the operation. Before discharge, a thorough general and necessarily special - gynecological (two-handed) - examination should be performed.

Treatment of patients with a syphilized, febrile miscarriage is carried out either strictly conservatively (medications), or actively (operation), or actively and expectantly (elimination of the infection followed by instrumental removal of the remains of the ovum). When choosing a method of patient management, one should be guided by her general condition and the severity of the infectious process.

At the same time, a distinction is made between:

uncomplicated infected miscarriage, when only the ovum or ovum is infected with the uterus, but the infection has not gone beyond the uterus;
complicated infected miscarriage, when the infection has gone beyond the uterus, but the process has not yet been generalized;
septic miscarriage when the infection is generalized.

Complicated infectious and septic miscarriage is commonly seen in the case of delinquent fertility intervention.

When treating patients with infected uncomplicated miscarriage, some obstetricians prefer immediate instrumental emptying of the uterine cavity. Another, large, part of obstetricians adheres to an active wait-and-see method: for 3-4 days the patient is prescribed bed rest and drugs that tone the muscles of the uterus (cold on the lower abdomen, inside quinine, pituitrin, ergot preparations, etc.) and aimed at eliminating the infection ( sulfa drugs, antibiotics). After the signs of infection disappear, the uterine cavity is carefully emptied by surgery.

Finally, a number of obstetricians prefer strictly conservative management of patients, without any intrauterine intervention. To this end, the above means are supplemented with injections of estrogen hormone, pituitrin or thymophysin, injection of castor oil, etc., in order to stimulate uterine contractions and promote spontaneous expulsion of the remains of the ovum from the uterus. Instrumental emptying of the uterus is resorted to only with severe bleeding that threatens the patient's life.

With any of the listed methods of managing patients with an infected uncomplicated miscarriage, measures are taken to raise the defenses of the patient's body, its tone. This is achieved by good care, a rational diet, easily digestible, high-calorie, containing a sufficient amount of vitamins, and other activities.

Having tested over the years each of the listed methods of treating patients with uncomplicated infectious miscarriage - incomplete and complete, we were convinced of the advantages of the active expectant method. We resort to urgent instrumental emptying of the uterus only in exceptional cases when heavy bleeding from the uterus threatens the patient's life and it is necessary to stop it immediately.

Treatment of patients with complicated infected miscarriage, that is, when the infection has gone beyond the uterus, should only be conservative, since surgical intervention in such cases leads, almost as a rule, to the occurrence of peritonitis or sepsis. Surgical intervention may be necessary only in those exceptional cases when a sharp exsanguination of the patient and incessant bleeding from the uterus pose an immediate threat to the patient's life.

In the treatment of patients with miscarriage, the competing methods are expectant-observational and active - simultaneous instrumental emptying of the uterine cavity.

Given the danger that threatens a pregnant woman with a delay in the uterus of a dead ovum, caused by infection, intoxication, malignant degeneration of villi, etc., one should strive to empty the uterine cavity as soon as the diagnosis of the disease is established with certainty. If miscarriage does not take place, treatment begins with the appointment of agents that stimulate uterine contractions and thereby provoke the onset of miscarriage: for 2-3 days, 10,000 units of estrogen is injected daily. After that, 60 g of castor oil is given inside, and after half an hour, hydrochloric quinine is 6 times 0.2 every 30 minutes; after taking the fourth quinine powder, 4 injections of 0.25 ml pituitrin are made every 15 minutes. Then a hot vaginal shower is prescribed, and the temperature of the liquid should not exceed 38 ° for the first time; in the future, it is gradually increased within the patient's endurance. Often, the fetus lingering in the uterus is expelled completely or partially without instrumental intervention, which is resorted to in the future to remove the remnants of the ovum.

Even in those cases when this method of treatment does not lead to the goal, that is, to the expulsion of the fetal egg that has lingered in the uterus, it is useful, since it increases the tone of the muscles of the uterus. This creates favorable conditions for the subsequent surgical removal of the ovum: with a well-contracted uterus, bleeding rarely occurs during and after the operation and there is no perforation of the uterus during the operation.

Treatment for a placental polyp consists in its instrumental removal (curettage).

Prevention of spontaneous miscarriage

Prevention of spontaneous miscarriage should precede or begin with the appearance of its first symptoms. In the antenatal clinic, at the first visit of a pregnant woman, they take on a special account those women who have a history of spontaneous miscarriages or premature births, especially when there were several of them ("habitual miscarriage", "habitual premature birth"), and women with various pathological conditions, which can be the cause of spontaneous miscarriage. Preventive measures include prescribing anti-inflammatory treatment, correcting the wrong position of the uterus, combating pregnancy toxicosis, hypovitaminosis, eliminating and preventing mental and physical trauma; in appropriate cases - prohibition of sexual intercourse during pregnancy, transfer to a lighter type of work, etc.

Pregnant women with a "habitual miscarriage", as well as a threatening miscarriage that has begun, should be placed in a maternity hospital, in a pregnant ward. It is of great importance to strengthen the patient's faith in the possibility of maintaining pregnancy, as well as carrying out therapeutic measures: maintaining rest, prolonged sleep, prescribing progesterone, pain relievers, drugs that reduce the excitability of the uterus, multivitamins, especially vitamin E, etc.

If during childbirth there were deep ruptures of the cervix, its integrity must be restored immediately after childbirth. If this was not done, then in order to prevent spontaneous miscarriage in the future, plastic surgery on the cervix should be performed before the onset of the next pregnancy - to restore its integrity.

Unfortunately, not every pregnancy is favorable and ends in childbirth, in 10-15% of cases it is spontaneously terminated. The topic associated with such unhappy events is quite specific, but you still need to be aware of the details. For the simple reason that the knowledge gained will help to avoid mistakes and take the necessary measures to save the pregnancy, even when the threat is clearly palpable. First of all, listen carefully to your body. Almost always, he begins to signal failures in advance, the main thing is to hear these alarms. It is necessary to carefully consider any deviations in the test results, the doctor in this case will definitely give recommendations in order to normalize the state of health.

Possible dangers of the 10th week of pregnancy

When it comes to an end, the woman is already gradually adapting to the new status and notices the slightest changes happening to her. Most pregnant women register with antenatal clinics for ten weeks. During this period, the initial stage of the formation of all systems and organs in the fetus is just ending, so it is necessary to undergo a full examination, donate blood for hormones, and do an ultrasound. After that, it will be known how the baby is doing. What are the signs of not being a cause for concern? First of all, these are pains in the lower abdomen, pulling sensations, tingling and aches in the lower back, uterine bleeding and any secretions. Some women do not pay enough attention to such ailments, considering them acceptable, but in vain. It is necessary, at least, to consult a gynecologist as soon as possible, and in case of bleeding and severe pain it is better to immediately call an "ambulance". Do not expect everything to stop by itself, this opinion is wrong.

Causes of miscarriage at ten weeks

It is impossible to be safe from everything, and it is within the power of each of us to try to avoid troubles. To do this, you need to understand how a miscarriage can be triggered. There are many reasons:

Bad habits (smoking, drug addiction, alcohol). Under the influence of harmful substances, the child cannot fully develop.

The use of drugs that adversely affect the vital functions of the embryo. Pharmaceutical products should be selected with caution, excluding potent drugs and antibiotics, and only as prescribed by a doctor.

Chronic diseases. For example, diabetes mellitus, oncology, HIV and others. Untreated sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and the like - pose a particular risk.

Previous miscarriages, abortions, frozen and ectopic pregnancies.

Pathologies and structural features of the reproductive system (small, two-horned, saddle uterus, etc.)

Negative Rh factor

Infections, including colds, that occurred during the first weeks of pregnancy

Detachment of the ovum

Lack or excess of hormones

Stress, instability of the emotional background

Trauma

Physical activity (lifting weights, playing sports, overwork)

The presence of congenital mutations and genetic disorders in the fetus

Living in an unfavorable ecological area (pollution, radiation)

Consequences of miscarriages

If it is not possible to change any of the listed factors and living conditions, then you need to monitor the course of pregnancy with increased care. It so happens that it is not possible to prevent a miscarriage. No matter how difficult it is psychologically, it should be remembered that this is not yet a sentence to infertility, further pregnancy is quite likely. You just have to wait a little and thoroughly prepare the body for conception, taking into account previous experience, then happy motherhood is inevitable.